Asayansi anatha kulenga katemera ndi khansa

Mu maphunziro tiwiri, asayansi asonyeza mphamvu ya katemera khansara kumathandiza odwala kulimbana ndi matenda ntchito kachitidwe kawo m'thupi, anayamba kuukira maselo a khansa.

katemera experimental

Mu maphunziro onse ofufuza ntchito katemera wa khansa experimental zochizira odwala amene anayambitsa mtundu koopsa khansa (khansa ya pakhungu). maphunziro onse anasonyeza mofulumira wathunthu wa zotupa mu odwala ambiri pambuyo anapatsidwa katemera khansa. Kwa odwala a gulu lachiwiri ntchito mtundu wina wa mankhwala, amene bwino luso la chitetezo cha m'thupi kulimbana ndi khansa. Odwala ena, gulu la zotupa komanso mbisoweka kwathunthu.

Tsopano ofufuza akupanga katemera ofanana awa mitundu khansa, monga glioblastoma (a mtundu wa khansa ya mu ubongo), khansa ya impso, maselo a magazi, ndipo yamchiberekero. Izi akuti Dr. Ketrin Vu, yemwe ndi katswiri wa Institute Dana-Farber Cancer ku Boston. Iye anatsogolera wina wa maphunziro. "Odwala ambiri amene amadwala mitundu ina ya khansa, angapindule katemera," - anati Wu.

Kutsegula maselo zoteteza

chithandizo chilichonse khansa ayenera umalimbana maselo a khansa ndi yopuma wathanzi. Mu njira imeneyi, asayansi akufuna kupeza katemera, amatha kunyamula mamolekyulu kuti yekha bwanji maselo a khansa. katemera zimenezi kungathandize chitetezo cha m'thupi "kuona" khansa maselo kuopseza, chimatipangitsa ake kukopa maselo zoteteza (kuphatikizapo lymphocytes T) kuchotsa khansa.

Ntchito ya mapuloteni nthenda

Pofuna khansa magulu osiyana kafukufuku akhala akugwira ntchito ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya katemera. zotsatira akufalitsidwa July 5 yotchedwa Nature.

Khansa nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi masinthidwe chifukwa cha kukhudzana kwa UV cheza pa khungu. masinthidwe amenewa nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti maonekedwe mapulotini nthenda - neoantigenov kuti sadzakhalakonso mu thupi la munthu. Madokotala ndikukhulupirira iwo angakhale othandiza mdani wa katemera. Zimenezi zinanenedwa ndi Dr. Korneliyo Melif a University Leiden mu Netherlands, amene sankachita nawo kafukufuku.

Features wa yophunzira yoyamba

Mu phunziro loyamba, Wu ndi anzake ogwira anachita katemera odwala asanu amene anali naye kale opaleshoni kuti achotse chotupa. Makonda katemera ntchito ndi asayansi kwa wodwala aliyense payekha: kuti anaunikanso DNA a maselo a khansa ndi nkhani wathanzi kupeza chotupa masinthidwe yeniyeni ndi kugwirizana Wachiwiri-antigens.

Ofufuzawa ndiye ntchito mawerengeredwe kompyuta kulosera omwe Wachiwiri-antigens maselo mthupi amatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa zabwino. Ndiye, iwo analowa katemera odwala. Aliyense katemera zili 20 yeniyeni aliyense neoantigenov mtima.

Pambuyo ndondomeko, asayansi anatha kutsimikiza chitetezo cha katemera, komanso umatha kupangira mayankho m'thupi odwala. miyezi 25 ndondomeko katemera odwala anayi sankafuna zizindikiro za khansa. odwala ena awiri akudwala njira zotsogola a khansa, ndipo kenako anamaliza maphunziro a ulamuliro mankhwala otchedwa, amene atilakwira njira imene khansa akhoza kuletsa chitetezo cha m'thupi. Pambuyo mankhwala zina odwala onse anasonyeza mgwirizano wathunthu chotupa cha.

"Tinasangalala kuona mogwirizana ndi amphamvu anachita odwala asanu, - ndemanga Wu. - Izi zikutsimikizira kuti katemera amatha kusonkhanitsa zonse maselo asilikali T thupi ".

The kafukufuku wina wachiwiri kunachitidwa

Pa kafukufuku wina wochitidwa ndi Dr. Ugur Sahin ku Johannes Gutenberg University ku Mainz, Germany, ofufuza kusanthula 13 zotupa khansa ndi odwala anasankha masinthidwe 10 munthu aliyense kukhala katemera kulengedwa kuchokera mamolekyulu ndi RNA. pawiri, chifukwa udindo wolemba pulogalamu malangizo ntchito kupanga mapulotini monga Wachiwiri-antigens.

M'kupita kwa ntchito ndi odwala, asayansi anapeza kuti katemera umathandiza mayankho awo m'thupi. 8 13 anatha kwathunthu kuchotsa zotupa pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri mankhwala. Otsala musabise asanu zinachitika. Komabe, mu umodzi mtima wa mgwirizano asanu unkachitika atalandira ulamuliro mankhwala.

zotsatira zoyipazi

Mu phunziro loyamba ofufuza taonera mavuto chifukwa cha mankhwala. Vmego zambiri iwo amaoneka mu mawonekedwe a chimfine zizindikiro, kutopa ndiponso totupa pa malo jekeseni. Pa phunziro lachiwiri, kunalibe zotsatira zina zoyipa.

Gawo loyamba la kuyezetsa

maphunziro onse ndi Mayeso oyamba a matenda amene ochepa odwala nawo. Nkofunika kuti aletse chitetezo cha mankhwala. Komanso cholinga cha asayansi kumayambiriro - kupeza mlingo zabwino za mankhwala atsopano ndi zotsatira osachepera mbali. Zotsatira za maphunziro awa ang'ono-ang'ono akufunika kuti atsimikizire kuti ambiri odwala.

Ngakhale akadali molawirira kwambiri kukondwerera kupambana wonse pa khansa, koma zikuoneka asayansi chiyambi cha njira iyi.