Argon - ndi chinthu chapadera cha dongosolo zodziwitsa

Ife tonse tikudziwa kuti argon ntchito kuwotcherera zitsulo yosiyana, koma aliyense ankaganiza kuti ndi chinthu mankhwala. Koma mbiri yake wolemera zochitika. Tellingly, argon - ndi wosiyana kufuna kwa tebulo nthawi, zomwe ziribe analogues. Wasayansi yekha adazizwa nthawi mmene konse kuno.

Mpweya lili 0,9% mpweya izi. Ngati asafe, ndi ndale odorless. Chakudya, iye si woyenera, koma imangokhala irreplaceable m'madera ena a zochita za anthu.

A mbiri pang'ono

Choyamba adapeza England ndi wasayansi ndi kuphunzitsa G. Cavendish, yemwe anati kukhalapo mu mpweya wa zinthu zatsopano, zomwe ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi kuukira mankhwala. Mwatsoka, Cavendish sanadziŵe chikhalidwe cha mpweya watsopano. A pang'ono kuposa zaka handiredi kenako, iwo anaona ndi wina wasayansi - John William Strutt. Iye anazindikira kuti asafe mpweya pali ena kusakanizikana mpweya chiyambi osadziwika, koma argon kapena chinachake, iye sakanakhoza asanazindikire.

Pamene mpweya Kodi samva ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, chlorine, zidulo, alkalis. Yomwe mankhwala mawonedwe ananyamula khalidwe inert. Koma anadabwa wina anapeza - latsopano mpweya molekyulu zikuphatikizapo atomu imodzi yokha. Ndipo pa nthawi imeneyo, ofanana mafuta zikuchokera anali akadali osadziwika.

Kulankhulana kwa anthu za mpweya watsopano kwachititsa mantha asayansi ambiri padziko lonse - ngati izo zikanakhala zotheka kunyalanyaza mpweya watsopano mu mlengalenga kufufuza zambiri ndi mayesero? Koma chotulukira simukhulupirira asayansi, kuphatikizapo Mendeleev. Malinga misa atomiki ya mpweya watsopano (39.9), ayenera amakhala pakati potaziyamu (39.1) na calcium (40.1), koma malo inali kale azigwira.

Monga tanenera kale, argon - mpweya ndi olemera ndi nkhani ofufuza. Kwa nthawi yaitali wakhala aiwala, koma mpweya watsopano kuboma Atapeza helium. Anaganiza kuti mupewe osiyana ziro udindo chifukwa ili pakati pa halogens ndi zitsulo soda.

katundu

Pakati mpweya ena inert amene amaperekedwa ndi gulu yovuta, argon imatengedwa yophweka. misa kuposa kulemera kwa mpweya mu nthawi 1,38. The madzi chimaposa mafuta pa kutentha -185,9 ° C, ndi pa -189,4 ° C ndi kuthamanga yachibadwa ikamauma.

Ya helium ndi Neon, argon, yodziwika ndi kuti amatha kupasuka mu madzi - pa madigiri 20 mu kuchuluka kwa 3.3 ml ya pa magalamu zana a madzi. Koma mu njira zingapo organic mpweya amasungunula bwino. Zotsatira za magetsi amachititsa kuti kuwala, kuti ankagwira ntchito zida kuyatsa.

Akatswiri anapeza katundu wina wothandiza, amene ali argon. Mtundu uwu wa malo amene mbewu zimakula bwino, omwe anasonyeza kuyesa. Choncho, pamene mlengalenga, anabzala mbewu za mpunga, chimanga, nkhaka ndi rye anapereka zikumera awo. Chilengedwe china komwe 98% ndi argon ndi 2% - chifukwa mpweya wabwino mphukira ngati mbewu masamba monga karoti, letesi, ndi anyezi.

Kodi makamaka khalidwe la zili mpweya izi kutumphuka padziko lapansi ndi yokulirapo kuposa zinthu zina mu gulu ake. wokhutira kulilemba - 0,04 ga pa tonne. Izi ndi nthawi 14 kuchuluka kwa helium ndi nthawi 57 - Neon. Pankhani chilengedwe chonse padziko ife, ngakhale kwambiri, makamaka nyenyezi zosiyanasiyana nebulae. Amanenera, mu malo argon thambo kuposa chlorine, phosphorous, calcium ndi potassium amene ali ndi mu dziko.

Kupeza gasi

The argon zonenepa imene ife pafupipafupi kukumana, ndi Gwero losatha. Komanso, Mulimonsemo anabwerera m'mlengalenga chifukwa chakuti ntchito sizisintha mu mawu thupi kapena mankhwala. Kupatulapo mwina milandu kumwa wochepa isotopes argon kupanga isotopes atsopano ndi zinthu mu njira ya zochita nyukiliya.

Mu mafakitale mpweya opangidwa ndi kulekana mu mpweya ndi asafe ndi mpweya. The mpweya chifukwa wabadwa monga byproduct a. Chifukwa chaichi wapadera zida mafakitale ndi awiri awiri rectification mizati mkulu ndi otsika kuthamanga ndi mungafike condenser-evaporator. Komanso, zinyalala kupanga amoniya angagwiritsidwe ntchito kubala argon.

dera ntchito

Kuchuluka kwa argon ali mbali zingapo:

• adzasowa chakudya;
• zitsulo;
• kafukufuku ndi kuyesa;
• kuwotcherera;
• zamagetsi;
• makampani magalimoto.

Izi ndi mpweya ndale mkati lapochek magetsi kuti kubweza ndi evaporation a koyilo tungsten mkati. Chifukwa cha chuma ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera makina mpweya kuwotcherera. Argon chimathandiza odalirika kujowina mbali ya zotayidwa ndi duralumin.

Ponseponse analandira mpweya kulenga chikhalidwe kumatenda ndi inert. Koma zimakhala zofunika kwa kutentha mankhwala zitsulo, amene mosavuta phunziro kwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni. makhiristo kukula bwino mu chikhalidwe argon kupeza chinthu michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi kapena zipangizo kopitilira muyeso-woyera.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ntchito argon mu kuwotcherera wa

Ponena za argon kuwotcherera amapereka zinthu zina. Choyamba, mbali zitsulo pa kuwotcherera si kotentha. Izi amapewa mapindikidwe. Kuti ubwino monga:

• chitetezo chodalirika cha china chotulutsa ya;
• mlingo wa argon kuwotcherera ndi apamwamba kwambiri;
• ndondomeko ndi zovuta kulamulira;
• kuwotcherera kungakhale makina kapena kwathunthu anatembenukira kwa mode basi;
• zotheka kuphatikiza mbali zitsulo zosiyana siyana.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, argon kuwotcherera ndipo kumaphatikizapo angapo kuipa:

• kuwotcherera amapezeka cheza ultraviolet;
• mkulu panopa Arc zofunika khalidwe kuzirala;
• ntchito yovuta panja kapena drafts.

Komabe, pamaso pa ubwino ambiri n'zovuta phindu la argon kuwotcherera.

kusamala

Pamene ntchito argon kusamala. Ngakhale mpweya ndi poizoni, koma zingachititse asphyxiation ndi kuchotsa mpweya kapena liquefying izo. Choncho n'kofunika kwambiri kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa O ₂ mpweya (osachepera 19%) mwa zipangizo yapadera, buku kapena basi.

Kugwira ntchito ndi mpweya madzi kumafuna kusamala kwambiri ngati argon otsika kutentha zingachititse frostbite choopsa cha khungu ndi kuwonongeka kwa diso la mthunzi. M'pofunika ntchito Goggles ndi ovololo. Anthu amene ayenera kugwira ntchito pa chikhalidwe argon, ayenera kuvala masks kapena zipangizo zina chimateteza oxygen.