Apamwamba ntchito maganizo, asayembekezere ndi phindu

Phunziro ntchito apamwamba maganizo, asayansi asagwidwe mwa magawo koyamba kukhala sayansi. Koma kwa nthawi yoyamba lingaliro ili ntchito terminology sayansi, wotchuka Soviet zamaganizo LS Vygotsky mu mkangano sayansi ndi France Jean Piaget pa madera patsogolo chitukuko anthu.

Lingaliro la ntchito apamwamba maganizo akuganizira ya zovuta zochitika maganizo ndi njira, amene anatsimikiza ndi zinthu psychophysical ndi chikhalidwe, ndipo okha kuoneka ngati chikhalidwe. Ndi izi mawonetseredwe asymmetry wa zinthuzo chifukwa nkotheka umasinthasintha otaya awo. Zimamveka Vygotsky, njira maganizo a munthu ndi zinthu ziwiri zazikulu za zidakwa. Ena a iwo anatsimikiza mtima majini, amene anapanga ndi kuwonetseredwa mibadwo. Genesis zina kumachitika yekha mchikakamizo cha zinthu chikhalidwe. Komanso, mapangidwe ntchito chikhalidwe ndi awo "layering" wa chibadwa choncho zovuta lonse, lomwe ndi ntchito apamwamba maganizo, chifukwa cha yaitali ndondomeko ya chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale chitukuko.

Chimodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri maganizo a mawu a munthu. Mbali imeneyi osati amalola kulankhulana pakati pa anthu, koma limaperekanso dziko lonse, monga dongosolo, mbali yake yaikulu - sociality. Komano, ndi sociality akutetezera kukhazikitsa ntchito pochita zinthu. Pakati pa ntchito zofunika kwambiri maganizo mulinso kuzindikira, kukumbukira ndi maganizo.

Kutumizidwa Njira ntchito - ndithu chodabwitsa zovuta monga angapo masiteji motsatizana. Iwo ali ndi yoyenda yokha, ndipo aliyense ali osiyana maganizo ndondomeko ndi ntchito.

Gawo loyamba limapezeka interpsihologizatsiya, i.e. mogwirizana yosavuta pakati pa anthu. Ndiye pali intrapsihologizatsiya - chodabwitsa amene amadziwika ndi kuzindikira anthu a ntchito yake anawalozera kwa chilengedwe kunja. Ndiyeno pakubwera internalization - zinthu zina kuti ayimire zochita za anthu ndipo n'kukhala mkati. Internalization amapanga zina anthu mu Maapatimenti zochita basi galimoto, luso, ambiri amene anachita mosazindikira, kukhala Komabe, tizikumbukira ndithu mchitidwe chikhalidwe. Chitsanzo cha ndondomeko zimenezi zingakhale Mwachitsanzo, Kuphunzira chinachake pamene munthu, ndi ena chidziwitso mu njira ya kubwerezabwereza pafupipafupi kuchita pang'onopang'ono otembenuka iwo mu luso.

Vuto lalikulu ndi kuti ntchito apamwamba maganizo zimachitika pamoyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Wamba psychical kudziletsa lamulo umalimbana osati kudzudzulidwa zokhudza makhalidwe a anthu, koma tsopano akutumikira monga kagwiridwe ntchito ka ubongo kuposa zoona, chifukwa cha kusiyana pakati pa mwamuna ndi mitundu ina. Poganizira m'nkhani ino, tiyenera kuona kuti kudziona lamulo ntchito pa mlingo wa m'maganizo, kupereka anatengera amafunika thupi lonse anthu kuti kusintha mphamvu mu kunja chilengedwe komanso chikhalidwe. Ndi kukonzedwa ndondomeko maganizo States, akuyendera ndi kutsutsa munthu m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Zimenezi zingakhale mawu (mawu), kutchulidwa kwa m'njira iliyonse, kukumbukira, kulamulira boma thupi la thupi. Ambiri ntchito komanso yodziwika kuti njira zonse monga kugona, kuseka, chokumbukira zosangalatsa, ananena chikhalidwe, kutakasuka, anatambasula ndi ena.

Akatswiri amene anaonapo ntchito apamwamba maganizo ndi chikhalidwe cha awo kukhazikitsa amanena kuti munthuyo kukhala wochitachita mu lamulo limati maganizo yabwino kwambiri ndondomeko socialization, anatengera ake zogwirizana ndi zinthu kusintha kwa chilengedwe chikhalidwe.

Udindo wa ntchitozo sitingalephere kukambapo miyoyo ya anthu. Iwo kutibweretsa ife chidziwitso, luso, kupereka kulolerana yachibadwa mu njira zovuta za mogwirizana chikhalidwe, umene uli wonse wa anthu masiku ano.