Aliyense kuderako - ndi yokongola zodabwitsa dziko lapansi

Munkapezeka ndi kuderako mitundu - mitundu popenyana ndi wina ndi mnzake malo okhala. Dzinali odziwikiratu: ἔνδημος linamasuliridwa kuchokera m'Chigiriki amatanthauza "m'dera". Vital ntchito za nyama ndi zomera ku malo aliwonse sachoka otchedwa endemism.

Kumene amakhala

Kuderako zomera, komanso nyama kuderako, mbalame, tizilombo zambiri zopezeka aliyense chigwa imodzi lokwera, mu chipululu kapena pa zilumba zikuluzikulu. Tikhoza kunena kuti kuderako wolemera mu malo amene analibe ojambula yaitali kwachilengedwenso ndi akuluakulu a nyama ndi zomera za m'mayiko ena. Mwachitsanzo, Madagascar, Hawaii, chisumbu cha St. Helena.

Mu miyala Kachikumbu chipululu mu Africa limakula zachilendo chomera Welwitschia mirabilis - Welwitschia chodabwitsa, ndi ngati yosokera mwa mchenga wouma amaotcha lalifupi geyser chodabwitsa wapaulendo zosayembekezereka kukongola.

Akale ndi atsopano

Mbali zimene mungapeze kuderako - si mosamalitsa okha ndi kuchuluka kwa danga, angakhale aakulu. Kuderako sayansi kulira ndi mitundu ngati zomera ndi nyama zomwe zimachitikira aliyense Africa imodzi kapena mbali yake. Mwachitsanzo, ambiri m'mitengo kukula mu Australia ndi ku New Zealand, mmodzi wa mitundu ya mbewu imapezeka mu Philippines. Chinthu chomwecho chinachitika ndi wapadera softwood - Metasequoia (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), sipangakhalenso amakula mamita makumi atatu mu msinkhu. Iye anali zinatha ku dziko lapansi, koma mu zaka za m'ma otsiriza, asayansi apeza mitengo m'nkhalango za mapiri a chigawo Sichuan. Ndiye Metasequoia anapezeka m'madera ena zochepa kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Akatswiri amanena kuti ali kuderako - ndi nthumwi za mtundu wakale, amene zambiri molondola otchedwa paleoendemikom. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pali otchedwa neoendemics - mitundu yatsopano uka akumidzi.

Yemwe amakhala ku madzi bwino nyanja ya Baikal

Anatuluka zaka zoposa 25 miliyoni zapitazo, kuya mwatsopano madzi thupi anatchuka chifukwa ambiri mitundu kuderako. Akatswiri apeza kuti aliyense wokhala lachitatu la nyanja - ndi kuderako. Izi nsomba (Baikal sculpin, kansomba, Cisco), nkhanu (amphipod), invertebrates (thonje Baikal).

Nyanja Baikal monyadira yaulemerero madzi oyera chisindikizo, umene umatchedwanso Baikal chisindikizo. mtundu kuderako zimapezeka m'madera a kumpoto ndi pakati pa nyanza. chisindikizo Baikal hibernates mu kamakumba una pansi chisanu kapena ayezi, timataira iwo mpweya mabowo wapadera - maenje mpweya. Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti chisindikizo analowa Baikal ku Ocean Arctic kudzera kumpoto Yenisei Mtsinje ndi Mtsinje Angara mu Ice Age.

zotsalira zamakono

Pakati pa nyama zina wotchuka kuderako angatchedwe asilikali Marsupials ndi Oviparous. The paleoendemiki wamkulu amatchedwanso mafupawa wamoyo. Mmodzi mwa akatswiri amenewa apeza gulu pafupifupi zinatha Crossopterygii. The zipsepse nthumwi izi za ufumu wa madzi aikidwa pa masamba minofu. Lero, zitsanzo chabe Crossopterygii agwidwa mu 1938 nsomba kuderako otchedwa coelacanth. Mmodzi mitundu ya miyoyo ya nsomba mu chakumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Africa, ndi zina - pafupi ndi cisumbu ca Sulawesi ku Indonesia.

mitundu kuderako kutchulidwa Red Book. Pakati pawo - pa pangozi nyanja Caspian chisindikizo. Mu kotentha, ndi South West Indian moyo zake lvinohvosty macaques, lomwe limatchedwanso Vander iwo Padziko Lapansi palibe oposa awiri ndi theka zikwi. Mwa mitundu ya chiopysezo kwambiri mu nyama padziko lapansi angonoka fulu dzina lake.

Mawu "kuderako" ndipo ali ndi tanthauzo lophiphiritsira, nthaŵi zina mophiphiritsa ntchito pokamba za kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe, zomwe ziyenera kuchitika ethnographic, chipembedzo, kapena wina aliyense gulu m'deralo.