Greenland Shark: kufotokoza, makhalidwe ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Greenland Shark - waukulu woimira squaliformes a mtundu Somniosidae. Zimatanthauza nsomba cartilaginous, omwe sanayambe ambiri ankamva.

Zimapezekanso

Ichi ndi kuzizira kukoma nsombazi kwa anthu onse a m'banja la ankaona kutentha madzi mu osiyanasiyana 1 mpaka 12 ° C. Selachians malo chimakwirira kumpoto kwa Atlantic Ocean, ku nyanja ya Arctic ndi akuphatikizapo mayiko a ku Scandinavia, USA, Canada, Russia, Iceland ndi Germany. Greenland Shark (somniosus microcephalus) amakhala osiyanasiyana yaikulu ofukula - kuchokera alumali chokhala ndi insular kuti 2000 mamita ndi zambiri. M'chaka nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa akuya 200-500 m, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - pafupi pamwamba. Iye amachita tsiku ndi nyengo kusamuka, Mzimuyo kayendedwe ka zomera ndi yaing'ono nyama zimene zimapanga zakudya zake.

maonekedwe a

Greenland Shark tithe chimodzi kukula pambuyo woyera kufika mamita 8 m'litali ndi kulemera matani awiri. Komabe, ambiri kukula kwa anthu 4 m, ndi kulemera - makilogalamu 800.

Thupi lake ali streamlined mawonekedwe torpedopodobnuyu. Mutu ndi wamfupi wachibale nyama lonse. Nsagwada za chilombo ndi pansi. Nsagwada waukulu ndi imene inali yovuta kunyamula. M'munsi lili lalikulu mano yosamveka, ndi chapamwamba - ndichithu lakuthwa. Kutalika ndi zina si upambana 7 mm. Caudal chipsyepsye heterocercal lembani kumbuyo - mawonekedwe anamaliza ndi kukula yaing'ono.

selachians thupi mtundu kuchokera bulauni pafupifupi wakuda, nthawi zina ndi kum'chitira Kamaoneka. Ili padziko torso wofiirira mawanga mdima. Shark maso ang'ono, zobiriwira, popanda Kakhungu zozitetezera. Iwo amatha kuwala mu mdima, chifukwa kudzikundikira copepods biolyuminestsiruyuschih, parasitic pa diso la chimphona lapansi.

mbali structural

Mu Greenland Shark chachikulu mafuta m'chiwindi, amene ali oposa 20% ya unyinji wa thupi. thupi ili akutumikira monga zimatengedwa zina.

zimakhala nsombazi kwambiri ladzala ndi ammonia ndi okusayidi trimethylamine. mankhwala amenewa ziletsa yozizira koopsa magazi, mapuloteni ndi kukhalabe operability zinthu zachilendo otaya njira kwachilengedwenso kumpoto. Onse zinthu ndi poizoni Koma Shark si kukoma zonyansa, komanso kungachititse kuti poyizoni - pansi zochita za madzi chapamimba trimetilaminoksid anatembenukira kwa trimethylamine, zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira za mowa. chikhodzodzo si Nsombayo, kotero muli zichokera kudzera pakhungu.

Nyama zimenezi yodziwika ndi kukula chidwi ndi kusakwiya. Liwiro la kayendedwe ka modabwitsa ang'ono ake - palibe kilometre kuposa wina paola. Ichi ndi chifukwa, zokhala m'madzi ozizira, ambiri a mphamvu midzi yokakamiza timathera Kutentha thupi lanu. Greenland Shark - wopulumuka mwa oimira dziko nyama. Monga tanenera, nthawi ya moyo wake kwa zaka 500.

chakudya

Large, otsika liwiro kuyenda ndi pakamwa yaing'ono selachians zimakhudza kwambiri pa zimene zoyendetsedwa Greenland Shark. Ndi pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, kusamala, ndipo ngakhale akanayesetsa kutero wamantha, kawirikawiri akusowetsa wopusa, odwala kapena ofooka zisindikizo ndi kusaka iwo. The zakudya yaikulu imakhala mukhale chopondapo organic, zovunda ndi nyama zing'onozing'ono, monga m'nyanja zikuluzikulu fulonda, nyanja yoimba, nyamayi, nkhanu, nyamayi, stingray. Mu m'mimba cha adani anapeza modabwitsa, Seaweed, zotsala za mphalapala ndi zimbalangondo. Fungo la lawola nyama amakopeka Greenland nsombazo, choncho nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupi maboti nsomba.

kubalana

Nthawiyi imagwera pa mapeto a kasupe. Midzi anafotokoza nyama ovoviviparous - iwo umabala wopanda diso mazira 8cm mkati. Mu zinyalala wina ku Greenland nsombazi pups anabadwa kwa makumi a osachepera 90 masentimita Akazi kukhala mphamvu zoberekera kukwaniritsa zaka 150, kutalika kwake pa mfundo iyi ndi 4.5 m, ndi kupatula amuna -. About 3 m.

Mwanjira Human

Kumalo ozizira (kapena Greenland) anafotokoza kuti nsombazi pamwamba chilombo. Palibe pa zilibe kusaka, mdani kokha - mwamuna. Nsombayi Awa ndi mitundu chandamale chifukwa chiwindi kuti anthu ntchito mafuta luso, zimalimbikitsa mavitamini. Greenland Shark kupereka udindo wa "pafupi ndi zinthu osatetezeka." mtundu uli pansi pa maso a magulu zachilengedwe, monga anthu kwa nsombazo ikuchepa mu gawo chifukwa cha kubereka pang'onopang'ono chaka chilichonse.

Monga tanena za yaiwisi nyama selachians kwambiri poizoni, chifukwa okhutira mkulu wa urea ndi TMAO. Koma mbadwa ya kumpoto anaphunzira pokonza agwire ntchito mu chakudya ndi nyama kudya - maceration ndi kuwira mobwerezabwereza kuti n'chongoletsa poizoni. Icelanders, monga ana a Scandinavia ulemerero kukonzekera kwa izo mwambo mbale hakarl. Shark nsomba lero zikugwira mayiko ena. Ndi ndithu phlegmatic ndi kwathunthu sanali wankhanza. N'zosadabwitsa kuti ngati chimphona, mauna khalidwe mwakachetechete kwambiri. Asodzi ena amakhulupirira kuti zolengedwa izi m'madzi tizirombo - kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongedwa kwa zida nsomba.

Milandu kudana nsombazo anthu kumalo ozizira n'zochepa kwambiri, chifukwa mu malo ozizira kumene amakhala, Mwina chokumanako ndi laling'ono kwambiri. Komabe, choncho pamene chifukwa pamwamba pa madzi anali kukwera gulu la osiyanasiyana amene amakhala Greenland Shark.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Pakali pano, zotsatira za maphunziro ambiri amadziwika kuti Greenland Shark ndi inakhala yakale kwambiri mu dziko. Komabe, pofuna kusonyeza mfundo imeneyi, asayansi kuchita khama. chakuti ambiri mwa njira ntchito kudziwa zaka za nyama, osati lingagwiritsidwe nsombazi kumalo ozizira. Iye alibe anapanga zigawo kashiamu carbonate mu makutu, omwe kudziwa zaka ambiri a nsomba; vertebrae selachians zofewa ngati sera, imene salola kukhazikitsa moyo amayembekezeka mphete kukula kwa vertebrae lapansi.

Age nsombazi kumalo ozizira anakwanitsa anapereka mapuloteni pakati pa disolo diso yomwe. Chimakula mu moyo, ndi mapuloteni ake amapangidwa pa siteji ya chitukuko embryonic. Radiocarbon kusanthula anatilola kudziwa kuli zili kaboni 14 isotope, zomwe zinachitika mayesero uyenderere mabomba a atomiki. Mmodzi anali zaka 392 akatswiri kuphunzira nsombazo. Mogwirizana ndi zolakwa za kafukufuku radiocarbon njira anapeza kuti nsombazi kumalo ozizira zimatha kukhala zaka 500. moyo wautali amenewa anafotokoza chifukwa chakuti njira zonse moyo mu madzi ozizira kwambiri anachedwa kuposa oimira thermophilic wa banja ili.