Ali Golden Temple?

Golden Temple - nyumba mapulani achipembedzo, imene inkatchedwa ntchito golide mu ulemerero wake. M'dziko akachisi odziwika - atatu, imodzi ili mu India, mu mzinda wa Amritsar, winayo - pa chisumbu cha Sri Lanka, wachitatu - mu Kyoto, Japan.

Choncho yankho la funso limene dziko ndi Golden Temple, si lomveka, kupatula dzina ntchito osati kwa nyumba mapulani m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, komanso mu mawonekedwe a mutu buku, lofalitsidwa mu 1956 ndi wolemba Japanese Yukio Mishima.

Kachisi Harmandir ku India

Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) m'chigawo Indian wa Punjab mu Amritsar, yomwe ili m'malire a India ndi Pakistan, ndi wamkulu mapulani chipilala cha m'ma 16. Iye amadziwika komanso zochitika m'mbiri zimene zinachitika apa mu zana la 20. pa Chisiki kugalukira.

Amritsar - mzinda wa anthu miliyoni, amene ndi mfundo Indian sangaone - likulu la mbiri chikhalidwe komanso zipembedzo za Chishiite, ndi kachisi ili apa imatengedwa kuti ndi opatulika zauzimu 20 miliyoni a anthu awa, kuyenda kuzungulira dziko.

yomanga ake inayamba mu 1589 mkulu wa mkulu wa Guru Arjan Virgin Jia. The erection nyumba kuonera Mfumu Chisiki Randzhit Singha ndipo ndalama ku ndalama za mzinda wa Punjab. Ndi ziwerengero omanga golide plating wa zitsulo zamkuwa makilogalamu 100 ankafunika chitsulo chabwinocho.

kachisi Woyera waima pa chilumba zili ndi madzi "Lakes chosafa" (Amrta barani), mmene kuzindikira Chishiite madzi kuchiritsa katundu. Mu nyanjayi wofiira nsomba, carp. Ambiri mwa anthu obwerawa akuyesera kusambira mu nyanja, ndi kudzachiritsidwa nthenda zawo.

Mu chithunzi cha Golden Temple izo Tingaone kuti chinyumba mukhoza kupita kutsidya mlathowu, pambuyo kudutsa pachipata ndi mlonda. Mkati iwo likusungidwa buku loyera Guru Granth Sahib, omwe ndi chopereka nyimbo achipembedzo. Iwo 10 alangizi otchuka zipembedzo zitatu zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo: ndi Chishiite, Asilamu ndi Ahindu ndi kuphedwa pa tsiku kwa limodzi zoimbira.

Harmandir zomangamanga - kusokonezeka a Hindu ndi zizolowezi Chisilamu, mulinso ake mbali mwini wapachiyambi, mzikiti ake golide mu mawonekedwe a zamaluwa ndi limaimira kudzipereka Chisiki moyo wopanda makhalidwe ndi machimo. Malinga ndi kukafika kutsogolo kwa nyanja ndi moyera-nsangalabwi kachisi, mmunsi mwa makoma omwe ndi zithunzi za zithunzi za zomera ndi nyama.

Akukhulupirira kuti kachisi ndi lotseguka kwa anthu a zipembedzo zonse ndi mtundu, kotero yophiphiritsira lili 4 zolowetsa kuti kadinalayo. The mphunzitsi woyamba, amene amaonedwa yekha mkhalapakati anzeru, modzipereka analalikira kufanana ndi abale anthu onse.

Bakuman za "Nyanja ya kusafa"

Mu nthano yakale ya Golden Temple ndi nyanja pafupi limafotokoza nkhani ya wolemekezeka onyada, amene bambo anasankha mkwati. Komabe, iye anali naye sanagwirizane ndi sanafune kukwatiwa, chifukwa bambo anga akufuna kukupatsani munthu woyamba amene amakomana pa ulendo wake. Chibwenzi chidafundidwa ndi zilonda Kunkapezekanso, amene anapita ku nyanja iyi ndi kumanzere.

Kuti mkwati mkwatibwi adabwerera munthu wokongola, koma kalonga simunamukhulupirire ndipo ankati iye anali wakupha wa mwamuna wake. Koma ngozi iyi upezeke mtsikanayo adayankha mu madzi m'nyanja muli 2 swans wakuda, iwo anali kale ndipo m'mofunika zofunika, ndiyeno kalonga ankakhulupirira kuti bwenzi lake mozizwitsa ndi madzi woyera.

Kachisi wopatulika ndi wamagazi m'ma 20

The zochitika m'mbiri ya m'ma 20. Zinali wokongola zakuda ndi wamagazi, limodzi ndi kupha anthu. Mu 1919 panali kuphedwa pa Dzhallianvalabagh Square pakati pa Amritsar, lomwe ndi limodzi mwa masamba manyazi kulamulira British m'dzikoli. April 13, 1919 mu mzinda anakopeka amwendamnjira ambiri kukondwerera Vaisakhi Chisiki ndi British General R. Dwyer analamula asilikali kuwombera aliyense, malinga ndi zina anataika 1 zikwi. Amwenye-Chishiite. Zitachitika zinthu zimenezi, Gandhi ndi otsatira ake anatsogolera osakhala mgwirizano kayendedwe, amene anayamba kulimbana ufulu India, iwo watumikira monga chiyambi cha amenye m'dzikolo.

Potsatira zochitika lankhondo la zotsatira wamagazi zinachitika apa mu 1984, pamene Chisiki mtsogoleri John. Bhindranval ndi anzake wotanganidwa Golden Temple mu Amritsar ndipo ananena kuti chiyambi cha kulimbana wodziimira Chisiki boma Khalistan. Indian Nduna Indira Gandhi analamula chiwonongeko cha Odzipatula, chimene chidachitika ndi ankhondo Indian ndi asilikali oti muli nazo zida. Chifukwa cha ichi chinali Kuwonjezereka Chisiki uchigawenga kenako Indira Gandhi anaphedwa ndi omulondera ake, amenenso anali pa Chisiki dziko.

Kachisi woyera theka anawononga zinthu zimenezi, koma pa nthawi mukhoza kubwezeretsedwa. Kudziwa kumene Golden Temple, aulendo ambiri kuno kukhudza malangizo achipembedzo, kupanga bwalo mwambo ozungulira nyanjayi kapena kutenga kuviika mu izo kwa machiritso a thupi.

Tsopano iye ali wokonzeka kwa onse amene anabwera, amonke kuno nthawi zonse kuimba ndi kuwerenga malemba kuchokera m'buku loyera la Chishiite, umene kudzera oyankhula mu zovuta ndi. Chapamwamba lotseguka Chisiki Museum, kumene kufotokoza mbiri kupondereza anthu mwa Mughals, British ndi Indira Gandhi.

Golden Cave Temple mu Dambulla

yankho lina funso limene dziko ndi Golden Temple - pachilumba cha Sri Lanka. Ndi kachisi wa Chibuda amwendamnjira ndi alendo. Lamavutoli kachisi phanga zikuphatikizapo amakezana golide kachisi mu dziko, ndi zaka zoposa 22.

History Limanena za kachisi wa Mfumu Valagambahu kuti 1. BC. e. Iye anagwidwa ukapolo pano adani ake ndipo anakhala m'phanga ndi agulupa m'deralo. zaka 14 pambuyo pake, anatenga mpandowachifumu, ndipo apa analamula kuti akonze kachisi phanga, monga lolembedwa akuuza chinenero cha Brahmans, ili capamwamba pafupi pakhomo. Kuyambira pamenepo, akachisi mu Dambulla zinatchuka ndi kumene anthu amabwera kuchokera konsekonse Abuda dziko la kulambira.

. Pa 2 zaka chikwi pa olamulira sukulu ya chilumba anali kuchita zambiri kusintha, kuphatikizapo:

• m'nthawi ya 12. Mfumu Nissankamalla anapereka chizindikiro chosonyeza kuti kuphimba onse 73 Buddha fano mu golide woyenga bwino, choncho dzina la kachisi Golden kuphanga;
• m'nthawi ya 18. ojambula zithunzi m'dera ndi mapulani mwasintha mapulani mu mpingo kuti ulipobe: zodziwitsa kubwezeretsa zojambula ntchito nsalu zosiyanasiyana kugonjetsedwa, maphikidwe a imene ikuchitikira ku mobisa kwambiri;
• m'nthawi ya 20. Inatha zipilala ndi pediments ndi cholinga kuphimba kachisi ndi mphepo yamphamvu.

Kuona m'kachisi Dambulla

Yankho la funso "Kuona Golden Temple, amene dziko apite?" Kodi - kuti Sri Lanka mu Dambulla. Pali anakhalabe imodzi mwa nyumba yakale kwambiri achipembedzo pachilumbachi.

Zovuta zikuphatikizapo Golden Temple, 5 phanga akachisi ndi ambiri mapanga yaing'ono (70), mu yomanga ndi kukonzanso ntchito yake inali pafupifupi onse olamulira a Ceylon. Inkakhala pamwamba pa phiri mamita 350 pamwamba pa mahekitala 20 a m'derali, anazindikira kuti ndi World Heritage Site ndi UNESCO.

nyumba izi zachipembedzo zinayamba alendo ndi alendo Mbiri ndi luso ojambula zithunzi Sri Lankan zaka zambiri. Monga mu akachisi onse Chibuda ndipo mchitidwe umenewu, atapita apaulendo ake kumva chiyanjano cha dziko mumtima, amene amathandiza kuthetsa mavuto nkhawa ndi kusangalala kuganizira zodabwitsa.

Ulemerero wa kachisi ndi chopereka ziboliboli za Buddha yemwe Goals 2, komanso zojambula, ndiwo mutu wa zikuluzikulu zosiyanasiyana pa moyo wake.

Pafupifupi onse zifaniziro za Buddha mu akachisi phanga zili makamaka aima pa kusinkhasinkha kwambiri, kuli fano la King Valagambahu nkhuni. M'phanga wina angaonedwe ndi zodabwitsa zachilengedwe - panopa madzi, kenako amalowa chikho golide.

phanga wina ndi matope, ntchito patsogolo otetezedwa chifukwa achifumu akazi zodzikongoletsera, umene kaŵirikaŵiri. M'phanga 18 utoto. Munthu Pa makoma ndi denga pafupifupi wani sauzande. Buddha zithunzi, ndiponso mafano zoposa 50 wakhala ake ndi maudindo kunama, Vol. H. Ankasema ziboliboli imodzi ya kukula kwa 9 m.
Wamng'ono m'mapanga, amene kunabwezeretsedwa oyambirira 20 c. Kodi kwambiri zokongola, T. Kwa. The mitundu alibe nthawi sankachidziwa kwa zaka 100.

Kachisi ku Japan: m'mbiri

Kapangidwe wina mapulani wotchedwa Golden Temple mu Japan, imene ili ku likulu wakale wa Kyoto pa dera la kachisi zovuta Kitayanmaden. Mu Japanese, dzina zikumveka "Kinkaku-ji" omwe anamasuliridwa amatanthauza "Golden Pavilion".

The Japanese amaona nyumba zokongola kwambiri mu dziko, ndi Golden Temple ngakhale wakale kuposa Indian - inamangidwa mu 1397 monga Villa zina mwa mkuru Yoshimitsu, amene antchito ndi moyo pano mpaka imfa yake. Tsopano ndi malo osungira zinthu zakale Chibuda.

Dzina "Gold 'ndiposo osati maonekedwe, komanso zinthu nyumba, chifukwa pamwamba 2 mbewu za m'kachisi yokutidwa ndi mapepala a golide weniweni. nyumba waima pa gombe la nyanja, amene mwabwino kwambiri akuganizira golide chowala ake, padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa miyala kunama kuti mumatsindikanso chuma chake ndi kukongola.

Temple, chifukwa cha mmene timaonera wa Japanese - ungwiro umene uli wokongola, choyambirira ndipo understated kukongola: kuuluka pamwamba Galasi Lake, ndi zogwirizana kwambiri Integrated mu paki ozungulira. Zomangamanga ndi chikhalidwe pano ali ofanana ndi chilengedwe cha fano luso. The opangidwa nyanja inali pakati pa chilumba Kamba ndi Crane.

Kuphatikiza kachisi ndi nyanja kuchititsa chithunzithunzi cha payekha ndipo akhale chete, bata ndi mtendere, ndi chinyezimiro cha kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi mawonetseredwe apamwamba katundu zachilengedwe.

Kachisi ku Kyoto: kapangidwe

Mu zaka za m'ma 20. mmodzi wa ansembe, openga, ndi kuti athane ndi kukongola, anachita anachita kuwotcha dala kachisi, koma akayanjanitsidwanso mawonekedwe ake m'mbuyomu. nyumbayo ili pamalo zazikulu za m'munda Japanese, misewu inali okongoletsedwa ndi mayiwe ang'ono ndi mitsinje, yomwe ndi chimodzi mwa yokongola kwambiri ku Japan.

Aliyense pansi Golden Temple mu Kyoto ali cholinga chake:

• Poyamba, amatchedwa "Iwo ayeretsedwa ndi madzi Temple" (Hosuyin) atazungulira pakhonde ndi, projecting pamwamba pa dziwe malo alendo ndi alendo, Interiors anapanga kalembedwe analeredwa otchuka;
• pa lachiwiri, amatikumbutsa ndi asilikaliwo nyumba ndipo amatchedwa "Grotto ya mafunde" (Toonhora), molemera chokongoletsedwa ndi kupenta Japanese, pali nyimbo chipinda, ndi ndakatulo;
• phaka lachitatu ndi selo mmonke Zen amatchedwa "Top wokongola" (Kukoto), lili awiri okongola arched zenera kutsegula, anamanga mu kalembedwe zomangamanga Chibuda 14., mwambo miyambo ya chipembedzo, mkati ndi kunja chipinda aphimbidwa ndi masamba golide pa wakuda maziko;
• pamtenje wa fano la Phoenix Chinese.

M'munda ndi gwero la Gingasen (Milky Way), amene anaona asilikali Yoshimitsu. Mfuma yakufunika kwambiri ndi Fudodo holo, limene lili mu mulungu Chibuda Fudo Moo.

Buku Yukio Mishima "Golden Temple"

Bukuli "Kinkaku-ji", linamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri, kuphatikizapo pa Russian (lomasuliridwa ndi B. Akunin) linalembedwa mu 1956 ndipo limafotokoza nkhani ya zochitika zenizeni moto m'kachisi, pamene mu 1950 novitiate wa agulupa ya Iye analibe anatentha nyumba yokongola. Mlembi wa buku - Japanese wolemba Yukio Mishima, anazindikira mu dziko monga wotchuka kwambiri mlengi wa theka lachiwiri la zana la 20.

Zikomo kuti buku limeneli ndi kutchuka kwake, ambiri aphunzira za dziko limene Golden Temple ndi mmene chochitika choopsa zinachitika, chifukwa cha kachisiyo unawotchedwa ndi kuwonongedwa.

Protagonist wa buku - mwana wa wansembe osauka Mizoguchi, amene chidwi ndi bambo ake ku nkhani ubwana za kukongola kwa Golden Temple. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, iye anapita kwa mnzake Dosenu, anali rector wa mpingo, ndinapita ku sukulu Abuda Academy. Kukhala yekha maonekedwe yonyansa ndi kukhala chilema mawonekedwe a chibwibwi, iye nthawi zambiri ankabwera ku nyumba yopatulika ndi kuwerama mpaka kukongola kwake ndipo akupempha kutsegula chinsinsi chake.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, protagonist akulowa yunivesite ndipo akufuna kukhala wolowa abbot, koma ndi zosayenera ndi zochita nkhanza yaukapolo Dosena kusintha maganizo ake.

Pang'onopang'ono mkati chisauko ndi kusinthasintha m'maganizo Mizoguchi kupeza cholinga zachilendo chifukwa cha chikondi cha kukongola ndi ulemerero wa kachisi, aganiza kuutentha, kenako adziphe. Kusankha nthawi yoyenera, izo zimapangitsa amaika moto ndipo athaŵila.

Mishima kusamalira Golden Temple Pokhala yabwino ya zachilengedwe, limene, mogwirizana ndi khalidwe waukulu, alibe malo dziko lino yonyansa.

Tsoka la Yukio Mishima

Tsoka la wolemba "Golden Temple" Yukio Mishima (1925-1970) komanso zinali zomvetsa chisoni. Kukhala yotchuka olemba Japanese wa pores nkhondoyo, Mishima inali nthawi 3 asankha kuti Nobel Prize, iye analemba mabuku angapo zimene zatchuka ndi odziwika padziko lonse lapansi, "House Kyoko", "Society Chikopa," "Nyanja ya chonde", etc. Wake. ntchito mabuku ndi malangizo a ntchito za zosiyanasiyana pa moyo: mabuku oyamba anathera mavuto a mathanyula, ndiye iye anakopeka ndi mumaganiza za zokongoletsa mabuku. Mishima buku "The Golden Temple" linalembedwa ndendende mu nthawi iyi, iye analongosola mozama kusanthula dziko lamkati la munthu wosungulumwa ndi chisoni.

Ndiye lofalitsidwa "Nyumba ya Kyoko," limene ndi chinyezimiro cha akamanena za nyengo, ndi kuchititsa ziyenera kuweruza pandunji: ena otchedwa mwaluso ndi ena - wolephera. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha wovulala ndiponso kukhumudwa chifukwa cha miyoyo yawo.

Popeza 1966, woyambitsa "Golden Temple" Yukio Mishima amakhala kopitilira muyeso-kulondola, amalenga paramilitary gulu "Society chishango", cholinga chimene akulengeza kubwezeretsa ulamuliro wa mfumu yaikulu. Ndi 4 comrades lake iye anali kuyesera kuti kusintha, amene anatulukira mosavuta kupezera imfa. Yolanda likulu la asilikaliwo, anapanga kulankhula kwa mfumu, ndikuonetsetsa hara-kiri, anzake kumaliza mwambo, kudula mutu wake. Amenewa anali mapeto omvetsa chisoni a moyo wa wotchuka wolemba Japanese.

Ndiye kodi mu dziko Golden Temple?

Alipo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana Golden Temple, adzamangidwa mu nthawi zakale, ndi nyumba achipembedzo, omwe wakhala malo ambiri amafuna amwendamnjira ndi apaulendo. Iwo amafuna amatanganidwa osati mbiri koma dziko ziphunzitso zachipembedzo, kulimbikitsa kufunafuna ungwiro ndi moyo wosachimwa, ku chiyanjano cha chilengedwe ozungulira ndi dziko lamkati la munthu aliyense wa chipembedzo chirichonse.

Mbiri ya akachisi izi zonse zochitika osokoneza ndi otsutsana, nthawi zina amazipanga zomvetsa chisoni. Ena mwa iwo zikugwirizananso ndi ntchito odziwika bwino zolembalemba: mmodzi wa iwo ndi buku "The Golden Temple"
Yu Mishima.