AG Venetsianov: zojambula ndi maudindo ndi mafotokozedwe

Kangati anatsimikiza ntchito Russian wojambula ndi sonorous dzina Venetsianov? Zojambula chosonyeza zithunzi polemba chinenero cha moyo wamba ndipo akutchedwa chiyambi cha zoweta kupenta mtundu wanyimbo, chodabwitsa, kenako kufika pachimake mu nthawi ya Wanderers. Koma mtengo wa luso talente Venetsianov, lonse la umunthu wake waumunthu anali ndi mphamvu zambiri pa chitukuko cha luso Russian osati mwa malangizo umodzi mtundu wanyimbo. Ichi chimakhala makamaka noticeable pamene tione zojambula wake.

"Chithunzi cha Mayi" (1802)

Aleksey Gavrilovich Venetsianov anabadwa mu 1780 mu Moscow wamalonda banja, amene anali makolo zochokera ku Greece. Iwo ali mu Russian dzina Veneziano, kenako reworked kalembedwe Russian m'dzina. Pamene Alex anachita chidwi ndi chithunzi wake maphunziro sikunathandize chilichonse kwambiri makolo. Mwina n'chifukwa chake iye sanalandire zonse luso maphunziro. Akukhulupirira kuti chidziwitso loyamba la njira ya kupenta analandira kuchokera "anyamata" - mphunzitsi, ndi gwero yaikulu ya maphunziro luso limene analandira Venetsianov - zojambula za ambuye wakale zakale ndi ntchito za amisiri ano mu salons ndi tambirimbiri.

The mtundu wanyimbo chachikulu luso Russian nthawi anali chithunzi, kotero woyamba kudziwika zithunzi zinachitikira Venetsianov amatanthauza polemba chinenero ichi. Ichi ndi chithunzi cha mayi wake - Anna Lukinichna, nee Kalashnikova.

Chochititsa chidwi panobe ulibe akhale mmisiri wokongola makumi awiri anyamata nkobvuta kwapatsidwa kulanda kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi kuwala. Koma zikuonekeratu, ndi zambiri - mphamvu yake kusamutsa mawonekedwe osiyana nsalu chikhulupiriro chokwanira mwa maonekedwe. Ndipo ambiri Chofunika - anatha kupereka maganizo chitsanzo wake: chisokonezo ndi mavuto kuchokera kwa mayi kuti udindo wake kwenikweni ndi maganizo ake aulemu.

"Self-chithunzi" (1811)

Pambuyo 1802 Venetsianov anasamukira ku Petersburg, kumene iye akuyesera kuti dzina nokha ndi kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito luso kukhala moyo. Posachedwapa, iye amakakamizidwa kuyamba utumiki wa zazing'ono nduna ya positi ofesi. mafuno abwino zinamupatsa kuti ndizolowere wotchuka chithunzi zojambulajambula V. L. Borovikovskim (1757-1825), amene kutamandidwa ndi kupenta Venetsianov nakhala wakeyo ntchito ndi moyo. Mwina chifukwa cha mphamvu zake Venetsianov opempha, kwa Academy of Tirhana ya chiphaso cha mutu boma la zojambulajambula a. Malinga ndi hayala wa Academy, wodandaulayu anafunika kugonjera ntchito zawo. Kuti zimenezi zitheke Venetsianov analemba kudziona chithunzi.

Pa cithunzithunzi ici munikwanisa akhoza kale kuona mkulu mlingo wa luso luso chithunzicho. Izi ndi zoona ndi lolondola ntchito realist ndi, wopanda chikondi kukhudza ndi zokongoletsa. Kwambiri izo ayesedwa ndi kuya maganizo fano analengedwa ndi chithunzicho. Apa tcheru ndipo kuganizira ntchito, ndi bwino kuti ali ndi wosafunika.

Venetsianov anatsimikiza ndi a komiti ya Academy of Tirhana mu "kopita" - mmodzi wa msinkhu mwamwambo chabe chiyeneretso cha wojambula amene kunapangitsa kuti alandire mutu wa academician pambuyo ntchito imene Komiti. Venetsianov anakhala academician atalemba chithunzi anapatsidwa KI Golovachevskogo.

"Khola" (1821)

Mosakhalitsa atalandira mutu wa academician wa kupenta Venetsianov mwadzidzidzi anasiya likulu, ndi utumiki ndi okhazikika mu chikhalidwe chake Safonkovo m'chigawo lina la Tver. Apa Analenga ntchito zake zofunika kwambiri zoyenera poetizatsii m'mphawi moyo.

Asanayambe ntchito pa kanema "khola," wojambula analamula serfs ake disassemble khoma kutsogolo mu khola lalikulu pamene mbewu anali kusungidwa. Iye anadziyika yekha ntchito ndi kutengerapo liniya kaonedwe ndi kuya, monga amene anamukantha mu zojambula za French zojambulajambula Francois Granet. Kupatula yodabwitsa zithunzi zake nthawi zikuzimiririka pang'onopang'ono mu malo mtunda, chidwi zikuchokera bwino anaphonya trimester mu kuika zosiyanasiyana za kanjedza osauka ndi nyama. Iwo ali ozadzidwa ndi tanthauzo wakale ndi ndakatulo chodabwitsa.

Painting kutamanda Mfumu Alexander I, amene anagula izo kuchokera chithunzicho, ndipo ngakhale kupereka wolemba mphete ndi mwala. Ndi pang'ono akamasuke kuti azikhala ndi ndalama.

"Pa olimapo dziko. Spring "(1820)

Ambiri zithunzi Alekseya Gavrilovicha Venetsianova zonse zinsinsi ndi zinsinsi zimene zikadali kupitirira akatswiri ndi a zofufuzafufuza luso. Chotero ukonde yaing'ono (65 × 51cm) ndi dzina pafupifupi bottichellievskim ndi ndakatulo kuwomba mwachinsinsi ndi mwaluso kwambiri Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Akukhulupirira kuti kupenta - mndandanda gawo pa nyengo.

ntchito munda zochitika zikuoneka ngati chinthu wodzala wopatulika, nzeru dziko. Chithunzi cha mtsikana amene anabwera ntchito mwakhama, ovala zovala zawo zabwino, mwana m'mphepete mwa munda, kupanga chiwembu ofanana ndi chizindikiro cha Virigo anazimiririka mu kuya kwa galasi chithunzi wamba wina - chonse zinsinsi. Full tanthauzo ndi ophweka kwambiri, malo, imene pali wamba ndipo nthawi yomweyo chochitika otchuka. Alex Venetsianov amene zojambula zovuta kunena kuti ndi mtundu wanyimbo makamaka, chimodzi cha anayambitsa malo Russian ndakatulo.

"Okolola" (1820)

Koma polemba chinenero chachikulu Venetsianov ndi chithunzi, ndi ntchito yaikulu, aganiza - kumasonyeza chidwi chenicheni ndi kulemekeza anthu amene akuimira. Mkulu luso kupenta kuphatikiza ndi conciseness kukongola kwa zikuchokera kwalimbitsa kuganiza kuti amakhudza Venetsianov wowerenga. Pictures, malongosoledwe a zinthu zimene mukhoza kukumana ndi ochepa mawu, chidwi mozama ndiponso ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale awo otchuka - wamba wamba.

Pa okolola dzanja, Imani kwa mphindi akupumula, anakhala agulugufe awiri. Chifukwa cha phewa pa iwo akuyang'ana mnyamata, chidwi ndi kukongola kwawo. Wojambula utoto pafupifupi hornblende - ndikuganiza mapiko tsopano mbandakucha kuuluka ndi kutha kutentha chilimwe. Monga atchulidwa weniweni - nkhope zawo, manja ndi zovala. Real phokoso ndi mmene ankamvera mtsikana ndi mwana, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - ndi palpable lingaliro la momwe iwo anamusilira Venetsianov.

"Morning mwinimunda" (1823)

Venetsianov ntchito monga woyambitsa wa zosiyanasiyana mtundu wanyimbo pa luso Russian ndi wosatsutsika. Munthu woyamba iye anayesera kuti Atchule wapadera kukongola Russian chikhalidwe, amaika mumsewu njira tsogolo wanzeru malo zojambula - Levitan, Shishkin, Kuindji Savrasov. Mu chithunzi cha wasonyeza zachilendo kwambiri m'nkhaniyi chachikulu - anthu a mtundu. Koma poetizatsiya mtundu wanyimbo chodabwitsa makamaka nzeru.

Akukhulupirira kuti heroines wa kupenta mbuye wake mkazi wake - Martha Afanasevnu - ndi serf ake aakazi. Ikufotokoza mmene ofunda kuti ambiri zinthu izi lona. Palibe Kukangana pakati pa mbuye ndi iye indentured atumiki - izo ndi zambiri ngati banja zochitika zimene atsikana awo ulemu ndi bata kukongola. No zochepa yofunika ndiyo anagwira filimu chilengedwe: mwachikondi ndawalemba ndi kudzazidwa m'katikati - amene makamaka chidwi - ndi yofewa, koma kukhuta kuwala.

"Zakharkov" (1825)

ana wamba - otchulidwa kawirikawiri zithunzi ndi zojambula mtundu wanyimbo, analemba Venetsianov. Penti "akugona Mbusa", "Awa ndi batkin ndi chakudya", "M'busa ndi nyanga" yosonyeza ana si yovula akerubi ndi zithunzi ndi zojambula tingachipeze powerenga - zonse kunachitika m'nkhaniyi ndi khalidwe yake, akukumana lokoma kuti ndinu gawo la mgwirizano wa dziko. Otere Zakharkov - ndi protagonist wa kupenta Venetsianov. Ndi dzina ndi kufotokoza ntchito zimenezi ndi wojambula akhoza kumvetsa ntchito yake ya uphunzitsi, amene wasiya chizindikiro chake ndi chithunzi Russian.

Iye anadabwa kuti asawononge luso serfs ana, pamene iye anawona pabwalo mnyamata akuyesera kusonyeza chinachake choko pa bolodi lakuda. Posachedwa Ndinabadwa ndi "sukulu Venetsianov". Kuwonjezera kuphunzira luso la wojambula ntchito, anapereka wamba ana pogona, chakudya ndi madzi iwo, ambiri ndinayesera kugula kumbuyo m'tchire. Mwa ophunzira Venetsianov - namatetule Grigory Soroka ndi 70 ojambula zithunzi, ambiri amene anamaliza Moscow Academy of Wabwino Tirhana. Zocitika za sukulu anapita ku nkhope ya kutsutsidwa ndi boma maphunziro amene sali kupereka mutu wa Venetsianov luso mphunzitsi.

"Pa nthawi yokolola. Chilimwe "(182?)

moyo wake sitinganene kuti osasamala, wakhala odzazidwa ndi kulimbika ndi mavuto. Zowawa ndi zosayembekezereka anali mapeto ake - Alex Gavrilovic anaphedwa mu 1847 pamene kavalo, itagwiritsidwa kuti galeta lake, mwadzidzidzi mantha ndipo zikatero, ndipo iye anali kuyesera kuti muwaletse iwo, anagwa pa msewu.

The munthu padziko lapansi, chiyanjano cha ubale wake ndi chirengedwe, ndi dziko owazungulira - mfundo yaikulu ya wojambula Venetsianov chofunikira chachikulu ndi phindu la cholowa chake, chinachake chimene dzina lake adzalemekezedwa ndi connoisseurs ndi Amateurs wa kupenta Russian. The kupenta, yosonyeza wokolola pa maziko a malo kuzindikira Russian, ndipo kufunika kokhala ndi danga - mmodzi wa mfundo lalikulu Russian zojambulajambula.