Wolemba Glinka MI:. Zilandiridwenso ndi yonena

Russian Wolemba Glinka anasiya chizindikiro kwambiri mu dziko nyimbo, anali kumbuyo lenileni Russian sukulu ya zikuchokera. moyo wake m'malo ambiri: zilandiridwenso, kuyenda, chimwemwe ndi mavuto, koma kakatundu zikuluzikulu - nyimbo.

Banja ndi Childhood

Malo wolemba kwambiri Glinka m'chigawo Smolensk May 20, 1804, m'mudzi Novospassky. atate wake, wopuma mkulu, anali mwayi zokwanira moyo wabwino. Glinka wamkulu-agogo anali Pole ndi kubadwila mu 1654, pamene Smolensk m'mayiko ankadutsa Russia, analandira Russian nzika, iye anatembenukira kwa ziphunzitso ndi anayamba kukhala moyo wa mwini malo Russian. Mwana yomweyo kuperekedwa m'manja mwa agogo amene anaukitsa mdzukulu wake mu mwambo wa nthawi imeneyo akhankoya chipinda yatsekera, kodi si kukula mu thupi, zakarmlivala maswiti. zotsatira zonse zoipa thanzi la Michael. Iye anakula chowawa, capricious ndi effeminate yekha anadzatchedwa "Mimosa".

Glinka pafupifupi zokha aphunzira kuwerenga pambuyo wansembe anamuonetsa kalatayo. Ku m'badwo oyambirira anasonyeza luso loimba, anaphunzira mabeseni zamkuwa yesezera kulira kwa mabelu ndi kuimba nyimbo babysitting. zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi chokha, anabwerera makolo ake, ndipo iwo anayamba kuchita anakulira ndi maphunziro. Kwa iye kuitana aboma, zomwe kuwonjezera nzika ambiri anamuphunzitsa kuimba limba, ndipo kenako iye anali asanadziwe vayolini. Panthawi imeneyi, mnyamata limati kwambiri, wokonda mabuku kuyenda, ndiye chilakolako izi kwasanduka chikondi kusintha malo, amene adzakhala nazo Glinka moyo. Iye amakoka pang'ono, koma nyimbo amatenga mbuto ikulu mu mtima wake. Boy mu serf oketsra amaphunzira ntchito zambiri nthawi, anakumana ndi zoimbira.

zaka kuphunzira

Ndinkakhala m'mudzi wa Mikhail Glinka kwa nthawi yaitali. Pamene iye anali ndi zaka 13, makolo ake anamutengera posachedwapa anaonekera mu St. Petersburg chiphaso sukulu pa Institute Pedagogical. Phunzirani mnyamata sanali chidwi kwambiri chifukwa mbali yaikulu ya pulogalamu kale katswiri kunyumba. namkungwi anali zakale Decembrist V. K. Kyuhelbeker ndi mnzakeyo - m'bale A. S. Pushkina, amene Michael koyamba pa nthawi imeneyo, ndipo kenako anakhala wochezeka.

Mu zaka pansionerskie izo lokhazikika, zikugwirizana ndi Prince Golitsyn, S. Sobolewski, Rimsky-Korsakov, N. Melgunov. Nthawi imeneyi, iwo kwambiri kuwonjezera M'maso ake nyimbo, bwino nyimbo za zisudzo, kuyendera zoimbaimba ambiri, komanso amachita ndi oimba odziwika nthawi - Bem ndi Field a. Iye angwiro limba akusewera wake njira ndipo analandira maphunziro ake oyamba mu ankalemba ntchito.

Wotchuka limba S. Mayer ntchito ndi Michael mu 20s, naphunzitsa iye ntchito Wolemba za ufulu wa opus wake woyamba, kupereka maziko a ntchito limodzi ndi oimba ena. Pa chomaliza madzulo Glinka alendo wophatikizidwa ndi Mayer tasewera konsati Hummel, kusonyeza luso lawo pagulu. Wolemba Mikhail Glinka maphunziro ntchito alendo nyumba kachiwiri mu 1822, koma ndi mtima wofuna kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali.

Zinachitikira woyamba kulemba

Nditamaliza maphunziro ku nyumba ya alendo, wolemba Glinka mofulumira palibe kufunafuna ntchito, zabwino zinthu chuma analola kuti iye. Atate chisakhale ndi kusankha mwana ntchito yake, koma sanaganize kuti moyo wake onse adzakhala kupanga nyimbo. Wolemba Glinka, nyimbo imene umakhala wofunika ku moyo, muli mwayi woti apite kwa madzi mu Caucasus kuti awongolera thanzi ndi kunja. Sataya maphunziro music, kuphunzira Western European cholowa ndipo analemba zolinga zatsopano, kumakhaladi zonse kufunika mkati izo.

Mu 20s wa Glinka analemba nyimbo yotchuka "Musati kuyesa ine dala" pa mavesi Baratynsky, "Musati kuimba, ulemerero wanga, ndi ine" mu malemba a Pushkin. Kuwonekera ndi ntchito zake zoimbidwa: Adagio ndi Rondo kwa oketsra, chingwe septet.

Moyo mu dziko

Mu 1824, wolemba M. I. Glinka analowa utumiki, kukhala wothandizira mlembi Ofesi ya Kulumikizana. Koma utumiki alibe ntchito, ndipo mu 1828 anatula pansi. Panthawi imeneyi, Glinka amapeza ambiri abwenzi, kulankhula ndi Alexander Griboyedov, A. Mickiewicz, A. Delwig, Odoyevsky V., V. Zhukovsky. Iye akupitiriza nyimbo nawo madzulo nyimbo kunyumba Demidova, analemba zambiri nyimbo ndi romances, kusagwirizana ndi Pavlishchev "Album m'nyimbo", pomwe ntchito ya olemba osiyana asonkhanitsa kuonjezerapo lake.

zinachitikira yachilendo

Oyendayenda kunali mbali yofunika kwambiri ya moyo wa Mikhail Glinka. Pa ulendo oyamba chachikulu kunja amapanga pambuyo kutulutsidwa kwa nyumba yogonamo.

Mu 1830 Glinka anapita ulendo waukulu Italy, amene anali kufalitsa zaka 4. Cholinga cha ulendo anali mankhwala, koma sanapereke Zotsatira, ndi woimba sakuchita zimenezo, nthawi zonse zikusokoneza maphunziro a mankhwala, madotolo ndi kusintha mzinda. Mu Italy, anakumana ndi Karl Briullov, ndi analemba kwambiri za nthawi: Berlioz, Mendelssohn, Bellini, Donizetti. Chidwi ndi misonkhano iyi Glinka analemba mabuku chipinda ndi Oimba achilendo pa phunziro lathu. Iye wakhala kunja ndi aphunzitsi abwino, kuwongolera ntchito njira, maphunziro nyimbo chiphunzitso. Iye akuyang'ana pa mutu wake wamphamvu mu luso, ndi kuti iye kukhala kwathu, iye amalimbikitsa kulemba ntchito kwambiri. Glinka alenganso "Russian Symphony" ndipo analemba yofanana pa nyimbo Russian, amene ndiye kulowa ena ntchito yaikulu.

Large compositional ntchito: M. Glinka

Mu 1834, bambo Mikhail atamwalira, antabira ufulu chuma ndi kuyamba kulemba opera. Kunja Glinka anazindikira kuti ntchito yake - kulemba mu Russian, anali kutsogolera kwa chilengedwe cha sewero la yochokera chuma cha dziko. Pa nthawi iyi iwo m'gulu mabwalo mabuku a St. Petersburg, kumene kunali Aksakov, Zhukovsky, Shevyrev Pogodin. Aliyense akulankhula za sewero la Russian olembedwa Verstovsky chitsanzo Mzimu Glinka, ndipo amatengedwa ngati zina zachidule kwa sewero la pa buku la Zhukovsky "Marina Grove". sanafunike lidzakwaniritsidwa, koma chinali chiyambi cha ntchito pa sewero la "A Moyo kwa Tsar" pa phunziro amatsogoleredwa ndi Zhukovsky, zochokera nthanthi ya Ivan Susanin. Wolemba kwambiri Glinka anapita mu mbiri ya nyimbo chimodzimodzi monga woyambitsa wa ntchito imeneyi. , Iye anaika maziko a sukulu Russian opera.

The kuyamba zinachitika pa November 27, 1836, kunali bwino chachikulu. Ndipo anthu, ndi otsutsa anatenga zikuchokera ndi yabwino kwambiri. Pambuyo Glinka kamakhala anatumizidwa wochititsa Court Chapel, ndipo anakhala katswiri woimba. bwino anauzira Wolemba, ndipo wayamba ntchito sewero watsopano pa ndakatulo Pushkin a "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila". Iye ankafuna kuti alembe libretto a ndakatulo iyi, koma imfa yake mwadzidzidzi chinalepheretsa kuzindikira za malingaliro amenewo. M'ntchito Wolemba wina Glinka atsimikiza talente okhwima ndi njira apamwamba. Koma "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila" Analeredwa ozizira kuposa kuonera sewero loyamba. N'zokhumudwitsa kwambiri Glinka, ndipo iye anali pafupi kupita kudziko lina. cholowa Opera Wolemba ndi yaing'ono, koma ndi mphamvu zikuluzikulu za chitukuko ya sukulu mitundu zikuchokera, ndipo apobe, ntchito izi ndi Chitsanzo chabwino cha nyimbo Russian.

Symphonic nyimbo ya Glinka

Kukula kwa mutu dziko kumaonekera symphonic nyimbo ya wolemba. Wolemba Glinka amalenga ambiri chikhalidwe komanso ntchito, iye limakonda kupeza njira yatsopano. Mu zolemba zake, ngwazi wathu aonekela monga chikondi ndi melodist. Ntchito mwa Glinka Wolemba osauka Mitundu mu nyimbo Russian monga mtundu wanyimbo wowerengeka, lyric ndi epic sewero. Zofunika za ntchito zake ndi overture "Night ku Madrid" ndi "Aragon Jota", symphonic zongopeka "Kamarinskaya".

Songs ndi Romances

Chithunzi cha Glinka (Woipeka) chingakhale chosakwanira popanda kutchula kwa songwriting wake. moyo wake wonse analemba romances ndi nyimbo zimakhala amazipanga wotchuka kale pa moyo wake. Iye analemba 60 ntchito amapilira, umene chidwi kwambiri: "Ine ndikukumbukira mphindi zodabwitsa", "Kuzindikilidwa", "Associated Song" ndi ena ambiri masiku ano amene ali m'gulu la repertoire chakale oimba.

zachinsinsi

Akakhala Wolemba ndi Glinka sanali mwayi. Iye anakwatira msungwana wokongola, Ivanovoy Mare Petrovne mu 1835, poganiza kuti mwa iye mzimu umodzi wapfuko limodzi ndi mtima wachikondi. Koma mwamsanga, khamu la kusagwirizana pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi. Iye anali mafunde cikhalidwe, kuthera ndalama zambiri, moti ngakhale ndalama kuchokera chuma ndi kulipira ntchito zoimbira za Glinka analibe. Anakakamizika ophunzira. Kutulukira komaliza kumachitika pamene mu 1840 Glinka amakonda Kate Kern, mwana wamkazi wa imasonkhezera Pushkin a. Iye akadandaule chilekano pa nthawi ino zikuoneka kuti mkazi wake m'seri anakwatira mphalasa Vasilchikova. Koma kupatukana anachedwa kwa zaka 5. Panthawi imeneyi, Glinka anadutsa sewero chenicheni Kern pakati, anafunika miyeso kwambiri, iye kuwathandiza iye anataya mwanayo. Pang'onopang'ono, Gona kuwala chinazilala, ndipo pamene Banja zopezera 1846, Glinka wakhala alibe chikhumbo kukwatira. Moyo wake wonse anakhala munthu kusiya kusuta wochezeka chipani ndi mapwando, amene ali ingafooketse umoyo kale osauka. February 15, 1857 mu Berlin, Glinka anafa. Kenako anapempha mlongo mtembo wake akufa kuwapititsa ku Russia ndi m'manda mu Tikhvin manda ku St. Petersburg.