Wamba mpingo. Mbiri ya mipingo wamba mu Russia

Popeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity mu Russia Orthodox lingaliro Amaonetsa phindu ziphunzitso za ethnos Russian ndipo anali ndi malo ofunika kwambiri pa mphindi iliyonse ya moyo wa okhulupirira. N'chifukwa chake pa nkhani ya kupulumutsa mudzi kapena mudzi tsoka ndi amayamikira kugonjetsa mdani wa okhulupirira anayamba kumanga zizindikiro zina zachipembedzo pa zochitika mu nthawi yochepa. Choncho, mtundu watsopano wa pomanga Orthodox kachisi - mpingo tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mpingo monga namulondola yosaoneka ya munthu

Mbiri ya mpingo tsiku ndi tsiku mu Russia anayamba ndi 996, pamene Grand Duke Vladimir, anathawa ndi timu ku Pechenegs ikayamba mlatho, malinga ndi lonjezo la anamangidwa pa malo a kachisi.

Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mipingo ikuluikulu monga nyumba kachisi ku Russia linayamba mu 14 mochedwa - m'ma 15 m'ma, uyu akuwonekera kalikiliki mu madera a Pskov ndi Novgorod.

Lingaliro la "mpingo tsiku ndi tsiku" - ndi ka pa syllable lachitatu - amatsegula tanthauzo la nyumba kachisi, olengedwa mwa tsiku lina, - "Ndi mmodzi wa tsiku."

Malo wauzimu tsiku ndi tsiku

Chotero mtengo mkulu wa pomanga mpingo ndi chifukwa lamulo losavuta - mpingo ukhala "kuyeretsa" malo a chonde pokhapokha kudzipereka kwake, kotero pa ntchito yomanga ake sasiya kwa mphindi ndi mpingo wamba mpaka mapeto a zomangamanga ndi kudzipereka anakhala kutetezedwa mphamvu zoipa. Mchitidwe gulu la zomangamanga kubwerera kwa mphamvu yawo yauzimu ndi thupi ndi chitsimikizo zina za chitetezo cha ndondomeko komanso pa nthawi yomweyo anali ngati anthu yolimbikitsa kwa chisomo cha Mulungu. Mmodzi mwa akachisi awa, mazana a anthu amasonkhana ndi aliyense chachiwiri yochokera chisomo, ndi Mpingo wa Eliya wamba mu Moscow.

Pangani kachisi amayamikira kupulumutsa

akachisi onse wamba analengedwa monga zizindikiro za thandizo la Mulungu ndi chitetezero kwa okhulupirira. Nthawi zonse analenga akachisi tsiku ndi tsiku chifukwa cha chachikulu - malinga ndi lonjezo la anthu, wokonda propitiate Mulungu, kukubwezani kwa anthu a mavuto ndi masoka. Mwachitsanzo, pa mliri anthu mu 1390 ku Novgorod, mu dzina la Atate Woyera Athanasius mu tsiku lina linayikidwa ndi mpingo wodzipereka ndi John Ambuye. Similar ku tchalitchi kwawo anamangidwira mu Pskov pa nthenda 1407 pskovityane.

Mu Moscow mu 1553, pamene mliri mliri, IV Ivan m'khutu anawauza kuti avale mipingo iwiri matabwa, apangidwe mu tsiku limodzi ndi odzipereka mu ulemu wa St. Christopher ndi Kirilla Belozorskogo. Zinali mbiri yoyamba m'mbiri ya novogorodskih, kutanthauza kumanga mipingo ikuluikulu ndi dongosolo la Grand Duke.

Mbiri chifukwa cha chitukuko cha zomangamanga Russian mpingo

Wamba mpingo pa njira ya erection wake ndi wosiyana Orthodox mtengo kapena mwala mpingo. The joinery apadera zokambirana kale chopangidwa gawo lonse la mpingo, kenako mu malo oyenera ndi tsiku limodzi dongosolo lonse mofulumira chikuchitika. Kumene, chifukwa compactness ake, mpingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku sakanakhoza malo ogona anthu oposa mazana awiri. Komabe, chiwerengero cha chipembedzowo ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe parishi dera, chomwe chimakula wansembe mmodzi.

Mu amati yake yamakono ya mpingo tsiku ndi tsiku angathe kukhala mkulu - mamita 15 mkulu, mamita 80 mbali zonse zinayi ndi akhoza kumakhalamo olambira 150 - ndi otsika, amene kutalika mamita 12, koma deralo - 49 okha mamita lalikulu.

mpingo matabwa unapangidwa laminated maonekedwe matabwa kapena zipika. Modern tsiku ndi tsiku tchalitchi nthawi zambiri anaika pa maziko, ndipo munamangidwa pa cubes konkire. Izi zachitika chifukwa chakuti kugwira ntchito m'boma latsopano la m'tauni kapena akumidzi ndi kuchita masamu pa maziko provisional poganiza kayendedwe ka kukachisi malo atsopano pomanga mpingo wakale okhazikika lokhazikika. Novopostavlenny kachisi imafunanso nyengo ya mvula mu malo atsopano.

Mu Russia ano, achangu mpingo tsiku ndi tsiku anamanga ku Asia ndipo Siberia, chifukwa inaccessibility malo awa muyezo kumanga mfundo ndi nthawi yochepa pa chaka, chofunika kumangira mpingo mwala.

Zokongoletsa ndi iconography wa tsiku ndi tsiku Russian mpingo Orthodox

Masiku ano, atsogoleri achipembedzo kwambiri chidwi linaperekedwa kwa ulemerero mkati mwa kachisi, wokhala kuchotsa kwambiri Byzantine apamwamba, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuyang'ana wolemekezeka ndi mfulu, kuika mpingo kuti chofunika njira wapadera ndi tcheru ndipo kumenya luso ojambula zithunzi ndi mapulani.

Choncho, ngakhale kuposa maonekedwe wodzichepetsa, mpingo tsiku ndi tsiku ndi chitsanzo zazikulu za Russian zomangamanga mpingo, kupanga Orthodox iconostasis, ndi ulusi kunja pa mapiko a pakhomo ndi lonyezimira domes.

Kumene, mwambo zinthu - chofukizira, wosasintha, mtanda, kandulo - anagula mu maudindo diocesan.

Wansembe amadalitsa chizindikirochi kapena osewera monga atsogoleri a chipembedzowo mphatso kapena parishi amagwiritsa ntchito za amisiri nthawi zonse.

Eliya The tsiku ndi tsiku - zosaoneka woyang'anira za anthu Russian

ulemu wapadera ndi kulambira anthu Russian amakonda mneneri Eliya, amene amaonedwa woyang'anira woyera wa asilikali, ndege ndi asilikali airborne la Russia.

Eliya Mneneri ya moyo wake ndi odzipereka exposer makhalidwe anthu, kumbuyo amasiye ndi akuopsa wobwezera chilungamo, chilango cha ansembe a Baala ndi Yahweh ndiye mwini chilala ndi mvula. Mu Russian pa Tsiku Eliya, kumakumbukulidwa pa August 2, amaletsedwa ntchito, komanso kukhulupirira kuti mizimu yoipa analowa madzi, kotero mpaka chaka chamawa choletsedwa kusamba. Ilo linali tsiku maphwando banja, amene m'madera ambiri anali yoyamba malo mlungu wathunthu.

Kachisi wa Eliya wamba mu Moscow

mipingo Pang'ono ndi kale trohvekovuyu, imene nthaŵi zonse zinatha ndipo anamanganso. Mmodzi wa mipingo iyi ndi Mpingo wa Eliya Mneneri paliponse Moscow. Mbiri yake, kachisi uyu kunayamba m'ma 16, pamene malo awa mpingo matabwa a Grand Prince Vasily III wa, monga mwa lonjezano inamangidwa - "tsiku ndi tsiku", "Obydenko" - wotchedwa mpingo wa Mneneri Eliya tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mu 1611 tchalitchi unawotchedwa pansi ndi asilikali Polish, mu 1612 panali likulu Dmitriya Pozharskogo. M'zaka za m'ma 17 icho chakhala ntchito ngati nyumba yopemphereramo boma la Mafumu, komwe iyenso anapereka mapemphero mvula pa chilala.

Mu 1706, kalaliki wa bungwe Gavriil Fodorovich Derevnin ndi m'bale wake Basil anamangidwanso Mpingo wa Eliya kachiwiri tsiku ndi tsiku, m'gawo limene kenako anakwiriridwa. Chaka chomwecho, waukulu ozizira wachifumu wa mneneri Eliya inamangidwa ofunda refectory mpingo kupemphera pa nyengo yozizira, amene anali lowonongeka ndi moto ndi anamangidwanso mu 1753.

Tsopano mkati makoma a kachisi okutidwa ndi zojambula zazikulu, makamaka pa mitu pa moyo wa Mtumiki Eliya. Mu mpingo ndi zotsalira za St. Athanasius Kovrov ndi chizindikiro cha Lady Wathu Kazan.

Kuyambira 1917 mpingo osati cha kanthawi kutsekedwa. Ndi mbiri yake olemera ndi osati chitsanzo cha Russian chizindikiro kupenta ndi sukulu zomangamanga, komanso malo aakulu kwa kufala kwa chidziwitso wopatulika - pa Mpingo wa Eliya Mneneri ali ndi laibulale, holo nkhani ndi sukulu mpingo.