Vuto maphunziro. Features wa maphunziro kwa anyamata ndi atsikana

Kuphunzitsa achinyamata munthu ndi udindo zokwanira ndi zovuta ndondomeko, imene imakhudza onse: aphunzitsi, makolo, anthu.

Nthawi zonse, vuto la maphunziro linali lalikulu kwambiri, anayesa kuthetsa akatswiri, makolo ndi atsogoleri ammudzi, ayamikira kukhala ndi ntchito kafukufuku.

Koma tsopano tilibe anapeza n'choona-amasiya njira. Pajatu aliyense mwana - umunthu ndi khalidwe yake: okonda kapena bata, khama ndi wosakhazikika, choncho n'zosatheka kukhala maphunziro mankhwala umodzi. Mukhonza kugwiritsa ntchito wamba mfundo zofunika kutsatira kuti mwana aliyense njira, mogwirizana ndi maonekedwe ake mwachibadwa.

maphunziro Kodi

Mu pedagogy ano nadzawasankhula awiri zamalankhulidwe tanthauzo la maphunziro: lonse ndi yopapatiza.

Lingaliro la "maphunziro" m'lingaliro wodziika limanenedwa ngati mwadongosolo cholinga ndondomeko ya ntchito anzake a makolo ndi aphunzitsi pa mbali zonse za umunthu, thupi ndi chauzimu, chotero monga kukhala ndi makhalidwe kukonzekera moyo mu chikhalidwe ndi kutenga nawo mbali muzochitika zones za ntchito: chikhalidwe, mafakitale, pagulu . M'mawu ena, maphunziro a mwana amapereka kwa kulanda zinachitikira anapeza chikhalidwe ndi miyambo banja.

Iwo ananena kuti munthu sayenera kuiwala kuti mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha makhalidwe umunthu zimakhudza kwambiri ozungulira malo chikhalidwe, ndi chilengedwe chimene pali munthu kunja kwa banja ndi kusukulu.

Lingaliro la "maphunziro" m'lingaliro yopapatiza zikuphatikizapo chitukuko motsogoleredwa ndi aphunzitsi ndi a khalidwe banja, makhalidwe abwino ndi za chikumbumtima, malo ndi makhalidwe abwino khalidwe chikhalidwe cha membala wa anthu.

maphunziro achinyamata

Kuyambira zaka khumi ndi khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu za kusintha kwakukulu kukuchitika mu thupi mwanayo kuti: mahomoni amachititsa kukula thupi. Pa nthawi yomweyo alinso zimakhudza boma psycho-maganizo a ana, iwo akukula.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, maphunziro a achinyamata si yovuta, yomwe, mwatsoka, si angakonze zonse: zimatengera kwambiri kuleza mtima, chisamaliro ndi chidziwitso cha chilengedwe wamkulu.

Kusintha maganizo mwana zimakhala mbali zotsatirazi:

• chenicheni anazindikira ndi yovuta kwambiri;
• zitsanzo chatsopano osati nthawi zonse zabwino mafano;
• Khalidwe ungasinthe kawirikawiri maganizo;
• anapanga maganizo ake pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana;
• malingana ndi maphunziro ndi malo okhala angaoneke anawerama kwa upandu, mankhwala, kulimbikira kusafuna kudya ndi zina zotero.

Koma maphunziro ndi vuto lalikulu zimachokeradi aliyense wachinyamata, ndipo ichi ndi chifukwa osati makhalidwe titadziwa mwana aliyense. Chofunika kwambiri pa nkhani iyi ndi maphunziro isanafike ndi ubale pakati pa achibale.

Ngati mwana ali nazo chikondi, ubwenzi makolo, chisamaliro ndi kuvomereza, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, makolo potokat zokhumba zake, ndiye mwana n'zokayikitsa uka lingaliro kuchita upandu, kapena kuiwala.

Komanso n'chofunikira chachikulu ndi mmene chikhulupiriro ndi makolo demokalase kulankhulana ndi mwana. Kwambiri panali ubale kwambiri, n'zotheka kuti adzapulumutsidwa ndi wachinyamata kuti kumulola kugawana nzeru ndi makolo awo.

Choncho, kuyesera kuyankha funso mmene kulera mwana, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndondomeko limayamba yaitali lisanadze zaka vuto. Pamawu onse makolo - kukhala wachinyamata chitsanzo.

Kufunika kwa maphunziro banja

Nthawi zambiri ana a khalidwe lake makolo kugwera stupor ndi: iwo sitikudziwa chochita lotsatira. Ndipo mmodzi wa makhalidwe amenewa mwana osaneneka.

Ena amayesa kuthetsa vuto kukuwa ndi zotsatira zina thupi ntchito. Only zotsatira zambiri ziro, ndi chirichonse akubwerezedwa zikufanana.

Chifukwa ambiri a khalidwe ndi mavuto a maphunziro banja, kuti ndi kusatsatira ndi incoherence zochita wamkulu mwachindunji kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mwana. Izi tingasonyezere motere:

• kamodzi ife amaloledwa kuchita chinachake, ndipo lachiwiri - wotsekedwa;
• kutsitsa ulamuliro;
• membala aliyense wa m'banja zikacha nayenso mokweza pa TV (akupondaponda mu puddles, kulumpha pa bedi, musati kudya chakudya, kudzuka mochedwa, ndi zina zotero), ndi zina - palibe.

Izi zachitika kachiwiri, chifukwa aliyense m'banja anakulira mu mapangidwe osiyana ndi zachitika mfundo komanso malamulo akeake.

Choncho, aliyense akuyesera kuti achite ndondomeko ya maphunziro mu njira yake, payekha payekha. Palibe munthu angakhoze kupasula maganizo a zinthu apa, koma siti kuwononga mwana, n'kofunika popanda mikangano yonse ntchito zochita zawo: kukambirana mawonedwe kuti kukhazikitsa njira wamba, kuti akambirane nkhaniyo.

Organization za ndondomeko ya maphunziro

Iwo kalekale zatsimikiziridwa kuti mapangidwe munthu ali mogwirizana mwachindunji ubale, ndi maphunziro mu banja, zimene ziri yaikulu ya moyo wa onse wotsatira. Ndipo kudalilika ndi mphamvu ya maziko kudzadalira mtima munthu zimachitika pa moyo zosiyanasiyana.

Choncho, n'kofunika kumanga ubale kuti vuto la maphunziro banja eroding, kuthetsedwa m'njira mtendere ndi kupereka chikoka wotsikitsitsa pa mwanayo.

ndondomeko maphunziro ndi zovuta kudali mabanja akuluakulu, kuyambira chidwi cha abale ndi anagawira wogawana, ndi akulu kufunafuna wamng'ono. M'banja lalikulu ndi anatengera zachilengedwe kulankhula ndi kucheza, kuphunzitsa kwa chisamaliro ndi ubwenzi.

Kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka m'banja yofunika kwambiri kwa mwana. No agogo singagwire mayi kapena bambo. Choncho mwapadera ayenera linaperekedwa kwa ndondomeko maphunziro a mabanja a kholo limodzi.

Pamene mwana amadziwa zinthu izi, izo zimakhala zopweteka, zikhoza kutsekedwa. Nkofunika kuteteza ana ku zokhumba wamkulu ndi mikangano ndi kuyesa anazungulira iye kwambiri.

maphunziro kukonda dziko lako

Zaka zingapo zapitazo, pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana panali chifooke tcheru ku ntchito zosonyeza kukonda ya boma. Motero, chidwi zochepa kale nkhaniyi mu kindergartens, masukulu ndi yunivesite.

Koma tsopano zinthu zayamba kusintha, ndi funso la mmene kuukitsa munthu kukonda dziko lako amakhalanso zogwirizana.

The pedagogy lako limanenedwa ngati mtengo zofunika kwambiri, amene anasonyeza osati mbiri, chikhalidwe, nkhondo ndi maganizo zinthu, komanso ngati makhalidwe auzimu, makhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe.

Kukhazikitsa maphunziro patriot zimathandiza:

• kafukufuku Experimental pa mbiriyakale ya zaka nkhondo;
• gulu la zakale sukulu;
• mwambo wa ana ntchito ndi anamenyela ndi ena.

Koma zotsutsana ndi pa nthawi yomweyo vuto la maphunziro kukonda dziko lako akuwonetseredwa mu chakuti kugwira ntchito imeneyi mabungwe maphunziro mulibe zinthu zokwanira ndi mwayi kukhazikitsa ngati n'koyenera.

Izi nkhawa osati chuma ndi luso m'munsi, komanso updating yake wa milozo, mgwirizano ndi mabanja awo pa nkhani zimenezi. Komanso vuto lalikulu la kusoŵa akatswiri ophunzitsidwa ndi Kuphunzira yaikulu ya nkhani TV wakutemwa.

mavuto enieni a maphunziro

Modern pedagogy ukugawa maphunziro ku mitundu inayi:

1. Kupondereza - mwadongosolo yimitsira ndi ana okulirapo kapena akulu ulemu, makhalidwe abwino ndiponso ntchito. Chifukwa cha - kukana, mantha, kusadalira ndi kusadzidalira, kusafuna kuchita chilichonse.
2. Non-kusokonezedwa (chosalanga) - kupereka mwana ndi ufulu wonse. vuto maphunziro ndi njira iyi ndi kuti umatulutsa detachment banja, kukhulupirirana ndi kukayikirana.
3. Overprotective - ladzala ndi mwana ndipo nthawi yomweyo amuteteze kwa mavuto anakumana. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, makolo kulera wodzikonda, kusowa ufulu, kufooka mu posankha zochita.
4. Cooperation - potengera zinthu wamba, thandizo la zinthu olowa. kalembedwe umenewu umatipatsa ufulu, azimai banja yogwirizanitsa.

Kawirikawiri mabanja chidawoneka zipolowe za masitaelo ndi vuto lalikulu la maphunziro. Kuti athetse izo, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti m'pofunika ntchito masitaelo onse. Koma kudalirana awo, osati atasemphana zingakuthandizeni kupewa mavuto ena.

Kodi kulera anyamata

Pafupifupi makolo a ana akafunsa kuti, mmene kukula mnyamata wamakhalidwe ndi wolimba mtima.

Anthu ambiri samazindikira kufunika mwana wachikondi ndi bambo wachikondi, osati amayi anga. Amuna amaganiza kuti ayenera kukhala ngati kumverera, koma kuthetsa nkhawa ndi kulola ubale kukhala oona mtima.

Masiku ano, zonse zochitika ndi mavuto ana lero, kuposa kale, ayenera kulankhulana ndi makolo.

Mnyamata amakhala kufunikira kupita ndi Adadi ku paki kukwera njinga, kupanga birdhouse, kuthandiza mayi anga, koma inu konse ntchito munthu wina tingaupeze! Nkofunika komanso kulankhula ndi anthu achikulire. kupitiriza amenewa zingakuthandizeni kusamutsa kalembedwe ili ndi banja lake m'tsogolo.

Ndi zothandiza pa chitukuko cha mwanayo adzakhala kalasi masewera kapena zigawo alendo amene angathandize kulimbitsa osati osati thanzi kwambiri, mochuluka bwanji khalidwe.

kuphunzitsa atsikana

Si chinsinsi kuti mbali ya maphunziro kwa anyamata ndi atsikana ali osiyana pang'ono, ndipo izi chikugwirizana osati ndi jenda, komanso mavuto.

Bakuman amayesetsa kukhala ngati mayi, amene ndi mwana wamkazi mwachitsanzo. Iye kuphunzira kulankhula ndi mwamuna wake, amuna ndi ena, chinkhoswe mu zogona, kutenga alendo nthawi maholide ndi zambiri. Choncho ndikofunika kuwunika ndi mayi a chikhalidwe wake wa kulankhula ndi zochita anachita.

Komanso bwanji maphunziro a abwenzi, achibale ndi anzawo. Nkofunika kutsindika maso a mtsikanayo makhalidwe abwino, ndi ulemu wa anthu ndi chakuti mayi anga mukufuna kuona mwana wawo. Iye adzayesa kukwaniritsa chilakolako cha mayi.

Kulera ana achinyamata amafuna chisamaliro chapadera. Wina akayesa kuti mokoma kudziwa zofuna za mwana wake pa usinkhu umenewo, kudziwa bwalo mabwenzi ndi anzawo, vuto la kusowa kwa lozani zolakwa ndi kuwongolera chikondi ake. Kuti tichite zimenezi, mukhoza kulabadira atsikana pa ngwazi za mabuku kapena mafilimu.

M'pofunikanso kwa mbuye tsogolo ndi chizolowezi zamanja, ntchito zapakhomo, kuphika. mayi anga, iye akhoza kuphunzira kuyang'ana aziwatsatira, kalembedwe ndi kukoma zinthu.

Special ntchito pa maphunziro a atsikana bambo, iye ayenera, monga mayi anga, kupereka maluwa, kugwirana chanza, muwayamikire, maka maholide, kulipira Kuthokoza, ndi zambiri. Izi adzapulumutsa mwana wamkazi wa m'tsogolo mwa mantha ndi maofesi kulankhulana.

maziko ongolankhula a maphunziro

Chiphunzitso ndi njira ya maphunziro, ngakhale cholinga kuthetsa vuto lomwelo, koma malowedwe athu kwa njira imeneyi osiyana kwambiri.

Chiphunzitso cha maphunziro m'magulu zitatu (ena ofanana nawo Hud):

1. Biogenic. malangizo awa abwera chakuti makhalidwe ndi cholowa ndiponso pafupifupi osati anakhudzidwa ndi kusinthaku.
2. Sociogenic. Kutsutsa kuti zinthu chikhalidwe cha kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha umunthu.
3. Khalidwe. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti munthu ali ndi luso ndi makhalidwe khalidwe.

Zikuoneka m'pomveka kunena kuti choonadi ali kwinakwake pakati.

Njira masitaelo kulera

Mu zaka zonse kuli kuwerenga maganizo ndi pedagogy tinaitanidwa zosiyanasiyana masitaelo ndi njira ya maphunziro, wotchuka kwambiri tione.

ana masiku ano ndaleredwa mu Japan pa mfundo ya kugawikana mu nthaŵi, omwe akufotokozera akonzedwa yeniyeni ya umunthu. zaka zisanu akuloledwa chilichonse, ndipo akafike m'badwo ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu, mwana aikidwa mu chimango okhwima, ndilo kuphwanya banja ndi kudzudzula anthu. Kumapeto kwa zaka fifitini, munthu amaona msinkhu kulankhula pa maziko ofanana.

Popeza zaka zao za sikisite Mu zaka zapitazo si kucheperachepera kutchuka njira ya Nikitin, amene oyambirira thupi chitukuko cha ana monga maziko analeredwa ogwirizana.

No zochepa Valfdorskaya njira ntchito maphunziro a ana zachokera kukula mwauzimu ndi kulenga ndi ntchito zipangizo m'pomveka.

njira maphunziro a Glenn Doman njira amawaona kuti woyambirira wa ana ndi maphikidwe, amene ophunzira mwapang'ono. Chifukwa cha njira imeneyi ndi chitukuko chibadwire. dongosolo pamafunika makolo nthawi yambiri ndi chilango, koma m'kupita amapereka zotsatira zodabwitsa.

Njira ya maphunziro a Maria Montessori ndi kachitidwe kena ankagwiritsa ntchito. Njira imeneyi ndi kulimbikitsa mwana kuchita zofuna zawo, kusanthula ndi kukonza zolakwika. Mu masewerowa, iye amasankha zimene ndi mochuluka bwanji kuchita ndi aphunzitsi udindo ndi kuthandiza mwana kuchita zonse nokha.

Chapakati ku mbali zonse ndi kuphunzira mwadongosolo ndi kutsatira dongosolo, osati kulumpha kuti njira zosiyana.