Virgin ansembe yotchedwa, Kazan: mbiri adiresi, kachisi, rector

Iwo kalekale mmodzi wa tiakachisi kwambiri akulemekezedwa ndi Russian Kazan chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Nthawi zambiri kudzera mapemphero anabisa Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba chivundikiro ake ake m'dziko lathu pa mavuto ndi ndifotokoze mavuto, zimene anachita nazo zambiri mndandanda, komanso wotchuka zozizwitsa. Pa malo kupeza chifano anakhazikitsidwa Kazan Virgin obisika, afika ina angapo yotsogolera malo wauzimu wa Russia.

Masomphenya buthulo Matrona

Ngakhale zinali kale, koma mwambo watiikira nkhani ya tsoka amene anachitika mu 1579 Strelets Kenturiyo Daniel Onuchina n'kukakhala ku Kazan zaka khumi ndi zisanu kale. Dziwani anakwiya Ambuye serviceman munthu maulendo Mfumu ya Kumwamba adachimanga chinachitika mu nyumba yake, kumene yomangidwa ndi akadali kununkhiza mitengoyi atsopano paini, lyutomu moto. Kaya kachisi kandulo waponya, kapena ember bummed kunja ng'anjo lamaliseche, koma inadutsa lawi kuti Daniel ankadabwa kudumpha inde kukoka kuchokera pakati pa moto ndi mkazi wake Catherine khumi mwana Matron.

Molimbira, ife chisoni, koma kodi mungatani - chifuniro cha Mulungu. Ife chobisa akuvutika chifukwa cha moto asanabadwe anthu abwino. Ndipo kotero, usiku wina, buthu Matrona yekha Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba, ndipo zinapangitsa kuti apite ku malo kumene nyumba awo anaima, kumene angapeze ake ndi njira woonamtima, zobisika pansi pa mulu wa phulusa. Wamanyazi mtsikana, koma masomphenya omwewo anali naye mobwerezabwereza. Ndiye mantha aakulu watiuza zonse kwa amake, ndipo iye anathamangira molunjika Bishopu wamkulu wa Kazan Yeremiya.

Kupeza chizindikiro mozizwitsa

Mbusa wa Mulungu anachita nkhani yake ndi chidaliro chonse, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anatsogolera atsogoleri mpingo ndi mapemphero ndi amalonda anapita ndi Catherine pa phulusa. A nthawi yaitali kuti angatenge pa milu ya phulusa ndi makala mpaka, potsiriza, mu manja a mwana wamkazi Catherine Matrona sanali chomwecho mafano, zimene zinachititsa kuti Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba. Great anali chimwemwe ndi tsiku lomwelo kachisi anagwidwa mpingo wa St. Nicholas anali atayima pafupi Tula.

Obisika, wobadwa uphungu mwayekha

Izo zinachitika mu 1479, ndiye, pamene mwayekha Ivan Vasilyevich (Grozny). Kunena zoona, ngakhale kuti mfumuyo inali Feb, koma nthawi zina ndi chitsanzo cha kupembedza. Kotero nthawi imeneyi, tinapeza za chizindikiro cha zozizwitsa anapezeka, analamula kuti kugona malo amodzi ndi mpingo, monga wokonzeka kukonza pafupi obisika akazi ake kuti avirigo mu pemphero kutamanda chifundo anatumiza pansi Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba. Choncho, malangizo mwayekha anakhazikitsidwa Kazan Amayi a Mulungu kunyumba, amene anali tonsured ndi Katerina yekha ndi mwana wake Matrona, mu monasticism wopalidwa ubwenzi Asilamu otchedwa a Moor. Ndi Ambuye vouchsafed anakhala abbess wa agulupa lapansi.

Amene anakwera wachifumu atamwalira atate wake watsopano mfumu Fyodor Ivanovich, monga ngati bambo ake, anali owolowa manja kwa ena obisika latsopano ndipo analamula kuti amange mmenemo mpingo mwala okumbukira chozizwitsa akuwonetseredwa kuno. Monga mtsinje wa Volga, pamodzi ndi lamulo lachifumu la phindu ndi ndalama kwa kukhazikitsa ntchitoyi anayamba, ndipo osaposa chaka chimodzi anakwera kumwamba, mpanda wa kachisi otchuka mu ulemu wa maonekedwe wa Kazan chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Mu izo, iye anali mwalamulo inasamutsidwa kuchoka ku mipingo zakale zamitengo pang'ono.

pakati Haji

Chifukwa posachedwapa mudali umboni wa zozizwitsa, kuwululidwa mwa mapemphero pamaso chizindikiro cha Amayi a Mulungu, Virgin ansembe yotchedwa (Kazan) ali mwamsanga malo chilengedwe ulendo. Ku Russia anasonkhana, ndipo nthawizina kuyenda zikwi mailosi amwendamnjira. Amadziwika kuti si nyali, ngakhale puds, tiyenera Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba, ndi zinthu ntchito ya Orthodox munthu kuyenda ndi kugwadira fano lake.

Kuti pylili m'misewu wosatha chingwe cha Lazaro alendo kwawo, kupita kumene Kazan Virgin obisika. Sitisiya kapena nyengo yachisanu kapena chilimwe kutentha. Makamaka kuyesera pa November 4, pamene Tsiku kuwayamikira mafano a Dona Wathu Kazan. Holide imeneyi ndalama amwendamnjira anayenda ndi zikwi.

Yakuyenderedwa ansembe yotchedwa Mafumu

Kazan Virgin ansembe yotchedwa ndipo anapita mamembala a nyumba ya Ahabu. Ambiri a iwo, paulendo wa Volga, anali ndi udindo wawo n'kofunika kulambira fano la Namwali Wodalitsidwa, awasungira mu mpanda wa agulupa lapansi. Mwa njira, mfundo chidwi, chimene mzinda bajeti mu zaka ndi 70% inkakhala chimaposa pa ndalama za kuguba ambiri achipembedzo unachitikira obisika, ndi misa ulendo.

Yosaiwalika anali kukaona anthu ena obisika awiri akulamulira. M'chaka cha 1722, ndinapita mfumu Peter Ine, ndipo mu 1767 Virgin ansembe yotchedwa (Kazan) anali ulemu ndi kukhalapo kwa Catherine II. Mayi Mfumukazi anapereka azikongoletsa mafano woyera wa Namwali Wodalitsidwa ndi Mpulumutsi wapatali diamondi korona sizibwera kwa ife, ndi irretrievably kumizidwa mu nyanja ya zochitika za masautso a m'zaka za m'ma XX.

The moto Pugachevshchina

Mu masiku pamene mtsinje wa Volga anali yosesa ndi moto pugachovskogo kugalukira, agulupa anakhala osati mboni komanso ophunzira unwitting mu zinachitika pa. Kazan anthu anayesa kupeza mkati mwa makoma ake Kupulumutsidwa chisembwere wamagazi mwa opandukawo, koma pachabe.

Mmodzi wa mayunitsi unasweka mu obisika, ndipo anathamangitsidwa mu avirigo ake, anaikidwa zida zankhondo wake, chimene kuchitikira ku moto pa boma la Russia. N'zochititsa chidwi kuona kuti, ngakhale kutayirira ake onse, opandukawo simunandikhudze chizindikiro chilichonse mozizwitsa kapena ulemerero wake. Padziko lapansi bwalo, iwo sanali mantha, ndi pamaso pa wakumwamba kunjenjemera.

Bookmark pa tchalitchi chatsopano

Old Kazan Cathedral, kumene kwa zaka mazana awiri anali chizindikiro zozizwitsa za cha m'ma XVIII ndi dilapidated kwambiri ndi chifukwa Commission wakhala anazindikira wake mapulani unrepairable, anawachotsa. Popeza imfa ili mu malo amodzi mu 1796 pamaso pa Mfumu Paulo Ine, mwana wake Alexander - wopambana tsogolo la Napoleon, ndi Mwana wachiwiri wa Constantine anali mwalamulo anayambitsa tchalitchi chatsopano.

Mlembi wa kamangidwe kake, anachita mu kalembedwe tingachipeze powerenga, wakhala wotchuka St. Petersburg wamanga IE Wokalamba, amene anakhala wotchuka mu St. Petersburg kwa katswiri wake monga Utatu Cathedral wa Alexander Nevsky ansembe yotchedwa, Prince Vladimir Cathedral, Tauride Palace ndi chiwerengero cha nyumba zina zazikulu.

atumwi wotsiriza obisika kutukuka

Ndiye yotsatira XIX atumwi inali nthawi ya zomangamanga mofulumira kwambiri, imene Virgin ansembe yotchedwa (Kazan) zasintha kupitirira kuzindikira. Pa chiyambi cha zopereka a mfulu nyumba Musin-Pushkin anamangidwira Sophia Cathedral, ndipo posakhalitsa ndinayamba ndipo anavomereza polojekiti ndi kukhazikitsanso wathunthu wa agulupa, yemwe muyika mumachitidwe mpaka pafupifupi zaka za m'ma.

Iwo anali anagwetsa dilapidated kwathunthu ndi nthawi yomanga wamkulu wa agulupa za - St. Nicholas Tula mpingo anamangidwira nthawi mkulu wa Ivana Groznogo. Mu malo ake anamanga mpingo watsopano ofunda, kumene kuyambira anapitiriza m'nyengo yozizira nthawi zozizwitsa mafano. Anamangapo monga chipinda abbot, ndipo zimene zili avirigo selo. Kotala lotsiriza la zaka za m'gawo la obisika panali nyumba, anaitana thupi la Woyera Cross. Iwo munali kachisi polemekeza kutamandira Cross Woyera, sacristy, refectory, sukulu ya kupenta, amene chofufumitsa, mkate ndipo zosiyanasiyana malo malonda.

tiakachisi atigwira

Kumapeto kwa June 1904, Russia padagwedezeka ndi nkhani yomvetsa: chiwembucho wosadziwika atagonjetsa usiku Virgin ansembe yotchedwa (Kazan), anali kwathu kuchokera kunyumba kachisi wake kachisi - ndi Kazan chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Kufufuza perpetrators anali olumikizidwa kwa Ofufuza zabwino za dziko, chifukwa anali pafupi ndi ndigwira sikunachitekepo kulemekeza zinthu zopatulika, anaitanidwa kuti anthu kumveka lonse.

akuba zinamangidwa, koma zithunzi iwo analibe. Ndiponso, palibe umboni wawo, kapena pa maziko a zofufuza zina sanathe kukhazikitsa kuli ake. Tsoka wotsatira chithunzi akhala chinsinsi lero.

Koma tsokali anachitika agulupa sanali kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha amwendamnjira kufunafuna, makamaka pa tsiku la Kazan chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Popeza kachisi, anthu ankapita kukalambira osachepera malo amene iye poyamba anakhala. Mu mpingo chomwecho, kapena m'malo m'kaidi wake, pa malo kumene anali zopezeka fano zozizwitsa, mpingo mobisa polemekeza chikumbutso kwa Romanov mafumu trohsotletnego anakonza mu 1913. Ndalama chilengedwe chake anapereka Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna - mlongo wa Mfumukazi.

pa nthawi yovuta

Pambuyo October 1917 agulupa yagwa mavuto onse mofanana mu zina wobvutika Russian obisika. Part wa malo nthawi yomweyo anatenga kuchokera alongo ndi kuikidwa pa kutaya limodzi mayunitsi usilikali. Mu makumi mochedwa zinthu lafika poipa kwambiri chifukwa chakuti obisika potsiriza kutsekedwa, ndipo ambiri a malo a ntchito ngati kogona ophunzira ku koleji pedagogical.

aphunzitsi m'tsogolo ndiponso aphunzitsi cholinga "kubzala wololera, chabwino, muyaya," anatsogolera obisika mu mkhalidwe womvetsa chisoni. Ngakhale gulu zakutchire pugachovskaya si amene anayambitsa adakhala cha masautso. aphunzitsi Young inawonongeka zitseko ndi mawindo, ukali headstones mbiri ndi kutentha matabwa masitepe ndi zamwano.

nthawi A gawolo obisika kuti ntchito yosungirako zogula bungwe, ndiyeno Anam'samutsira yomanga filimu situdiyo. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, izo anagwetsa nyumba zingapo mbiri. Pamwamba pa izi anali zokula Kazan Cathedral, cholinga ndi Russian namatetule IE Starova. Ndipo ambiri mavuto ena anakumana obisika m'zaka za kupanduka.

Kumene Kukhazikika amonke Kazan

Molimba momwe ku chitsitsimutso cha obisika inayamba mu 1993, pamene m'dera m'dera unasamutsidwa Chipata Sofia mpingo, anapanga m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Pambuyo inabwerera kwa eni ake akale ndi ena mozizwitsa anapulumuka, koma anataya mawonekedwe akale a nyumba. Iwo anakumana ndi zovuta ndi mtengo abwezeretse iwo.

moyo kumene kumakhala Amonke kumbuyo m'makoma wakale mu 2005. Maonekedwe a Sinodi Woyera, obisika a anatsitsimuka, koma monga amuna. Ndiye Kazan Virgin obisika anakumana chinthu china mosangalala. Anafika ku mzindawo, kholo la Moscow ndi onse Russia Alexy II anapereka ansembe ndi mndandanda wa kubedwa pa chiyambi cha XX m'ma zozizwitsa chithunzi cha Virgin. Choyamba linkasungidwamo mu Vatican ndi anaperekedwa kwa Mpingo Orthodox Russian ndi Papa munthu. Lero mu wobwezeretsedwa Woyera Cross Church ndi agulupa panopa.

Masiku ano, abale a obisika, amene lotsogoledwa ndi abbot Mark (Vilna), akadali aang'ono kwambiri ndi Amakhala ndi anthu asanu ndi atatu okha. Asanu ndi limodzi ndi hieromonk, mwachitsanzo Chimonko, anaikidwiratu ku unsembe ndipo motero kupeza ufulu kuchita malangizo. Awiri zambiri - hierodeacon. Iwo madikoni, koma mosiyana ndi anzawo za thupi atsogoleri aboma, amene anatenga kumene kumakhala Amonke malonjezo.

Ngakhale chotero fraternity yaing'ono, Kazan Virgin obisika ku Kazan, amene adilesi: Str. Big Red, 5, ndi ayambirenso tanthauzo ngati likulu wauzimu. kachisi wake ndicho "Vatican" mndandanda wa zithunzi kubedwa, amene tamutchula pamwambapa. Komanso, tiakachisi bwino ndipo mozizwitsa anasunga patatha zaka zambiri stagnation atatu kulibe Mulungu alipo kumene kumakhala Amonke kachisi.