Victimization - izo ... Lingaliro ndi mitundu ya victimization

Nthawi zonse pali chigawenga ndi wovulalayo wake. Koma mazana makumi awiri, chitsanzo unapangidwa liwu limodzi, chinali chiyambi cha kuphunzira phunziro, monga victimology lapansi. Maziko a chiphunzitso lililonse wovulalayo ali ndi ena mwa makhalidwe amene kuzipanga izo kukhala chinthu vutolo. Komabe, chilichonse.

m'dera la kafukufuku

Tisanafotokoze nkhani imeneyi chodabwitsa chikhalidwe, ngati victimization, komanso kudziwa zimene zimayambitsa chitukuko ndi chikoka pa njira zina za Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe, m'pofunika kulongosola bwino mfundo yaikulu ya mawu. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti nkhani iyi nawo mbali zoterozo wa sayansi, monga kuwerenga maganizo, Chaanthu, maphunziro, malamulo ndi zina zotero. E., Zimenezi zikubweretsa phunziro ili mu kagulu ka mwachangu kwambiri.

lingaliro ambiri

Victimization - ndi ndondomeko chikhalidwe chimene munthu inasanduka wovulalayo upandu. Mwachidule, ndi chifukwa cha zochita mlandu wovulalayo. Apa ndi ofunika kufotokoza mfundo victimization. Iwo anazindikira monga chizolowezi kuberedwa mwachinyengo. Choncho, victimization ndi victimization ndi mfundo limodzi umene ndi khalidwe la wachiwiri oyamba. Motero angathe kuyeza ndi chiwerengero cha milandu wadzaoneni ndi kuchuluka kwa makhalidwe a akuvutika ndi umbanda.

Victimization: lingaliro ndi mitundu

Woyambitsa wa chotero nkhani ngati victimology anakhala L. V. Frank. Ndipotu popanda mphamvu zake ndipo sunayambe mfundo victimization. Choncho, Frank anayambitsanso tanthauzo lake. Malinga ndi iye, victimization - ndiyo njira ya kuberedwa mwachinyengo, komanso chifukwa chake, kaya chizindikiro cha nkhani iyi kapena misa.

Komabe, atangochimwa kuti, Frank vuto akukhudzidwa akuwadzudzula. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti mfundo za ndondomeko ndi zotsatira zake akhale osiyana ndi mzake, ndi kuti akhale amodzi.

Mwachitsanzo, Rivman amanena kuti victimization - ichi ndi kanthu imene upandu opangidwa poyerekezera ndi munthu amene wasinthira chitukuko cha zizolowezi zake. Ndipo ngati anthu a wovulalayo angathe adziwonetsa weniweni, ndiye ndondomeko iyi akutchedwa "victimization-chifukwa."

ndondomeko Communication

Monga umboni wa zimene zanenedwa ndi Dziwani kuti zinthu ziwiri izi inextricably zogwirizana. kanthu umalimbana kukwaniritsa udindo wa woberedwa, ali mapeto ake ndi zomveka.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti pa nthawi imene munthu anali anaukira, ziribe kanthu zomwe zinali zotsatira za chochitika, ndi kale basi amapeza udindo wa wovulalayo. Pankhaniyi, kuukira palokha - ndi mu ndondomeko ya chiphunzitso cha victimization. Munthu ndani upandu chidaperekedwa, ndi chifukwa.

N'chifukwa chake victimization - ndi ndondomeko ya chikoka cha chochitika wina ndi mzake. The zambiri pali upandu, wamkulu chiopsezo n'zosavuta iwo.

Kafukufuku wa victimization

Pofuna kumvetsa nkhani imene munthu wamba adziwonetsa kapolo wa upandu, muyenera kuchititsa kafukufuku.

Victimization ndi mmene ake anatsimikiza ndi kukhalapo kwa deta chokhala pa chiwerengero cha anthu amene. Iwo sadalira upandu, zotsatira zake ndi kukhalapo kwa zinthu zina zomwe zinayambitsa mwambo umenewu.

Mwachidule, victimization - Kutolere milandu yonse imene chinthu kumawononga makhalidwe abwino kapena thupi.

Pamwamba, chifukwa cha kuphunzira mlingo wa kumakhala kutengera kuti kuberedwa mwachinyengo, n'zotheka kulankhula za chinthu chotero monga umbanda. Ngati ife tiyandikira akufanana ndi zotsatira za zinthu zimenezi, mapeto akusonyeza palokha. Akuvutika kwambiri, ndi apamwamba mlingo wa upandu, choncho mwachangu osauka umawononga anthu monga mchitidwe cikhalidwe.

Mitundu ya victimization

Ngati chodabwitsa ina, njira ya kuberedwa mwachinyengo ndi lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu mitundu. Choncho, chikhalidwe chake, zingakhale munthu kapena gulu.

Mbali yoyamba zikutanthauza kuti mavuto kwa munthu mmodzi payekha.

Ngati chachiwiri ndi chodabwitsa chikhalidwe - akaphatikiza ngati akuvutika ndi umbanda, ndipo uwo Machitidwe owononga anapereka malo yotsimikizika ndi nthawi, ndi kupezeka kwa makhalidwe Mkhalidwe ndi kachulukidwe. Ngakhale ngati yaikulu chodabwitsa kumatanthauza mawu akuti "chiwawa".

Komanso, malingana ndi mlingo wa harmonization chikhalidwe kwa upandu ndi chiwopsezo cha phunziro kwa izo, ndi mitundu kutsatira njira:

1) Pulayimale. Pansi zinatanthauza kuvulaza munthu winawake pa nthawi ya upandu. Zilibe kanthu kaya anali abwino, chuma kapena kuwonongeka thupi.

2) Secondary victimization - ndi njira zina mavuto. Iwo akhoza chokhudzana Mwachitsanzo, ndi chilengedwe yapafupi kumene kuba katundu munthu amene amakumana ndi anthu onse a m'banja lake. pali njira zina zoipa zina. Tisonyeza zimenezo mwa olemba ndi mlandu wa n'zothandiza zochita oletsedwa, opatuka, manyazi a ulemu ndi ulemerero, ndi zina zimene umalimbana desocialization wovulalayo.

3) ukachenjede. Iwo anazindikira ngati zimakhudza wovulalayo mothandizidwa ndi mabungwe yazamalamulo kapena atolankhani pa zofuna zawo.

Nthawi zina kusiyanitsa quaternary, kutanthauza ndi izo chodabwitsa cha kupululutsa.

Mitundu ya victimization

Popeza mfundo ndondomeko zotsatira sangakhoze anapatukana, tiyenera komanso kumveketsa mitundu ya masika.

Victimization zimachitika:

1) Munthu. Amakhala ndi osakaniza a makhalidwe ndi zotsatira za vutolo. Iwo anazindikira monga kutengera za kapena kale akuyendera kuthekera kukhala wovulalayo mu zochitika nkhaniyo moyenera amapewa izi.

2) Misa. Pansi pake ndi anamvetsa ya anthu amene ali ndi makhalidwe ena angapo kuti kudziwa chiopsezo zawo zochita chigawenga. Pankhaniyi, munthu aliyense limodzi amachita monga mchitidwe wa dongosolo.

Mu nkhani iyi, misa victimization ali subspecies ake, kuphatikizapo gulu, chinthu-nkhani mitundu ndi mitundu.

Psychological chiphunzitso cha victimization

Monga tanena, mfundo victimization anazunguzika amalanga ambiri. Kuphatikizapo kuwerenga maganizo. Akatswiri ambiri amaika patsogolo chiphunzitso amafotokoza chifukwa munthu akakhala nsembe. Taonani anthu otchuka.

Malinga Fromm, Erikson, Rogers ndi ena, victimization -. Iwo (Psychology), wapadera chodabwitsa chibadidwe munthu aliyense poona makhalidwe owononga. Pa lathu lomwelo zowononga si kunja, komanso yekha.

Freud komanso Pamilunguyo lingaliro ili Komabe, anafotokoza kuti palibe kutsutsana sitingakayikire chitukuko. Ichinso zimagwirizana ndi mfundo ya nkhondoyo awiriwa achibadwidwe: zitetezeke ndi okha.

Adler nthawi yomweyi kuti ndi chibadidwe mu galimoto mwamakani aliyense. A khalidwe lililonse ndi chinyezimiro wotsika. Zilibe kanthu, ndi weniweni kapena kungoganiza.

Ndi chidwi mkangano Stekel. Malinga ndi iye, mu maloto munthu amasonyeza amadana, ubale weniweni mfundo ozungulira ndi chizolowezi womberani pagalimoto imfa.

Koma m'malo Horney limatchula mkangano ake chiphunzitso. Iye ananena kuti umunthu aumbike mwa mwana. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza mawu a neuroses ndipo monga Motero, amavutika uziyenda chikhalidwe.

Victimization ndi ... mu pedagogy

Mwa njira, malinga ndi chiphunzitso pedagogical, anawagawa magawo angapo zaka zomwe chiopsezo victimization kuchuluka. A okwana 6:

1) nthawi yoopsa chitukuko pamene chikoka ndi mwa makolo ndi moyo wawo zosafunikira.

2) The sukulu nthawi. Kunyalanyaza zosowa za makolo mu chikondi, kusamvetsetsa anzawo.

3) nthawi sukulu. Overprotection, kapena, Tikawonetsetsa sanamwe kwa makolo, chitukuko cha zofooka zosiyanasiyana, kukanidwa ndi aphunzitsi kapena anzake.

4) Achinyamata. Kumwa, kusuta fodya, kumwa mankhwala, katangale, makhalidwe a magulu chigawenga.

5) oyambirira unyamata. mimba zapathengo, anasonyeza zopindika achabe, uchidakwa, kulephera mabwenzi, kupezerera anzawo.

6) Youth. Umphawi, uchidakwa, ulova, kulephera mu ubale, amalephera kuwonjezera maphunziro.

Pomaliza

Choncho, ife anatsimikiza kuti victimization amenewa ndi victimization, mfundo ndi mitundu ya zodabwitsazi. Kupezeka kwa ena makhalidwe kupereka zifukwa kuvomereza pachiswe kuwombana zosiyanasiyana zochita oletsedwa. Ndi njira yokhayo yotulukira imeneyi ndi kuthandiza akatswiri, umalimbana onse kupewa zodabwitsazi, ndi kuthetsa mavuto ake.