Upandu: milandu gulu. Chilamulo Wachifwamba: lingaliro, mitundu ndi magulu a milandu

Nkhaniyi adzakhala anafotokoza nkhani zokhudza wrongful, ndi yodziwika Magulu onse amene analipo a milandu. The wopanga malamulo wotetezedwa mitundu ya zochita zigawenga mu Code Wachifwamba ndiponso chifukwa kugawanitsa iwo mu machaputala. Categories milandu Angagwiritsidwenso yodziwika malinga ndi pafupi mbali khalidwe pano mu corpus lapansi.

Lingaliro la upandu

Maziko a udindo ndi khalidwe womwenso mbali zonse za malamulo. Upandu amakhala ndi ngozi anthu ena, ithandiza kuti ntchito ya udindo lomasuliridwa ndi Code Wachifwamba.
Zizindikiro za khalidwe limeneli ndi:

• ngozi anthu;
• kupalamula;
• wrongfulness;
• chilango.

zolakwa

The wopanga malamulo inakhazikitsa i zina mwa zomwe n'zotheka kuti mufotokozere mlandu wina uliwonse. Category milandu kumaphatikizapo zochita ndi:

• kukhazikika ndi chitetezo;
• makhalidwe;
• chuma;
• zokhudzana ndi ntchito chuma;
• thanzi labwino anthu;
• zofuna za utumiki mabungwe malonda;
• ntchito zoyendera ndi magalimoto;
• upandu zachilengedwe;
• chitetezo cha dziko ndi dongosolo lalikhulu ladziko;
• Akuluakulu State;
• chilungamo.

Kukhumudwa ndi kukhazikika ndi chitetezo

malamulo amapereka kwa magulu ena a milandu. Wa Code Wachifwamba limatchula zochita malamulo a boma ndi chitetezo. uchigawenga kuphatikizapo zochita zophwanya malamulo a khalidwe anakhazikitsa ndi boma m'dziko (kantchito, osauka, zosangalatsa). Iwo akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu zotsatirazi:

• akulanga anthu chitetezo pabwalo (Article 113 ndi 114.);
• kukhazikika (st.215-217 ndi 219);
• analakwira Zachitetezo ndi zinthu woopsawo zipangizo, katundu (Art. 220-226).

Analakwira munthu

Chili akuuzidwa ndi munthu ufulu, chinsisi, ulemu, ubwana ndi mayi. Chinthu siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo Pankhaniyi anthu, ndipo unagona chikhalidwe zokhudza kukhazikitsa ndi kuzindikira za ufulu wa anthu (chikhalidwe, zamoyo banja, oyendetsera dziko). milandu amenewa anawagawa mitundu zotsatirazi:

• akulanga anthu thanzi;
• ulemu, ulemu ndi ufulu;
• ufulu kugonana kapena chitetezo chokwanira;
• Ana ndi Banja;
• ufulu oyendetsera dziko ndi ufulu wa anthu.

Analakwira katundu

Dala kapena osasamalira zochita chophwanya ufulu wa umwini kapena kuchititsa kuwonongeka kwa mwini chuma - makhalidwe awa kupanga maganizo onse a upandu. Categories cha zokhumudwitsa akhale motere:

1. Chinyengo, kuba, kuba kapena misappropriation, kuba.
2. Kuwononga kapena chiwonongeko cha wina ndi chuma.
3. Pasanabuke kuwonongeka kwa kuba katundu.

Ndi chinthu upandu ndi chiyanjano amene kuonetsetsa uziyenda yachibadwa a mitundu yonse alipo umwini.

upandu zachuma

Category milandu zikuphatikizapo nkhanza ochitidwa yogawa, kupanga, kuwombola kapena kumwa ntchito ndi chuma cha dziko.
Chinthu ubale mtima akuwuka mu njira ya ntchito zachuma ndi magawano, kupanga kapena kumwa chuma. Komanso, chinthu muyenera kukhala mabwenzi kuti kukhala chifukwa cha ntchito zachuma. The mbali m'maganizo, monga ulamuliro, yodziwika ndi vuto mu mawonekedwe a cholinga mwachindunji.

Machitidwe ndi thanzi labwino pagulu

N'kosaloleka kusokonezedwa ndi kugwira ntchito amachita mwachibadwa malo abwino anthu - izi ndi zinthu zofunika amakhala upandu. Category analakwira zaumoyo ndi makhalidwe ambiri nkhawa boma.

zaumoyo - yofunika kufunika chikhalidwe zimatheka ndi chuma, ndale, umoyo ndi nkhani zamalamulo.

Public makhalidwe - ndi malamulo ndi miyezo ya khalidwe, kuganizira mfundo zabwino ndi zoipa, ulemu ndi chilungamo.

Machitidwe ndi zofuna za utumiki mabungwe malonda

upandu Kumafuna kanthu dala kugwirizana ndi kasamalidwe ntchito za bungwe ndi chiopsezo cha zoipa zogwirika kuti zofuna yovomerezeka boma ndi anthu. Chinthu upandu amaonedwa mabwenzi kudzera amene ntchito mabungwe malonda. The mbali cholinga chimaoneka mu mawonekedwe a chosalanga kapena kanthu kuti umalimbana kuchita kuti kuvutitsa zofuna za ena. The mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a vuto kumaonekeranso mwanjira mwadala.

upandu zachilengedwe

Category kwa milandu ya mtundu yodziwika ndi ngozi anthu, kupweteka kwa malo zachilengedwe ndi lamulo ambiri.
Chinthu imatengedwa ubale zovuta kuti apanga mu ndondomeko ya ntchito chuma cha chikhalidwe ndi imvera chitetezo ndi boma.
The mbali zotengera malingaliridwe akutumikira vinyo mu mawonekedwe a chosasamala kapena mwadala zosayenela.

Machitidwe ndi masuku pamutu ndi magalimoto

Ndi umbanda amasokoneza Gona ndi zoyendera umalimbana kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha thanzi ndi moyo wa anthu. Chinthu upandu imatengedwa kukhala otetezeka kayendedwe ka mtundu winawake wa magalimoto. The mbali cholinga akuwonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe a kanthu kapena kuchotsa Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti anthu ayambe kukumana ndi mavuto. The mbali zotengera malingaliridwe agona mu mawonekedwe kusasamalira mlandu pamene lobadwa amaoneratu isanayambike zotsatira osafunika ndi opanda malo okwanira molimba akufuna kuletsa pasadakhale awo.

Machitidwe ndi chitetezo cha boma ndipo kuti lamulo lalikhulu ladziko

upandu ndi zimenenso encroachments oletsedwa pa dongosolo la Constitutional ndi chitetezo cha boma. Kulankhula mu mawonekedwe a kuchita mwadala zomwe cholinga chake ndicho kufooketsa kapena zofooketsa lamulo la malamulo, dongosolo chuma ndi ndale za boma.

Angaperekedwe chinthu kuoneka mabwenzi kuti wokhazikika ndi moyo wabwino wa boma. The mbali cholinga ndi mu mawonekedwe a kanthu, ndi zotengera malingaliridwe nayenso amakhala ndi cholinga mwachindunji.
Awa ndi magulu a milandu (a Code Wachifwamba):

1. Umalimbana kuchititsa kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo kunja.
2. Kusokoneza imapanga chitetezo ndi chuma.
3. Machitidwe, cholinga ndi Kuwulura zinsinsi boma.

Analakwira mphamvu ya boma

Chili ndi ntchito za malamulo a State zida, amene tinalakwa Akuluakulu ntchito udindo boma.

Chinthu upandu imatengedwa kuti akonzedwa ubale kuti kupereka ntchito malamulo a maulamuliro onse. The mbali zotengera malingaliridwe chimaoneka ndi cholinga.

zochita mlandu chilungamo

Pankhani gulu la machimo Code Wachifwamba amadziwika nalo monga nkhondo umalimbana pa ntchito bwinobwino ya boma matupi a chilungamo.
Mugone chinthu amaonedwa, amene cholinga kuonetsetsa munthu wabwinobwino, malamulo ndi ntchito malamulo bwalo, komanso matupi achititsa kuti kukhazikitsa ntchito imeneyi. The mbali cholinga akuwonetseredwa mu zosiyanasiyana counteraction chilungamo. Zotengera malingaliridwe mbali amathandiza mu mawonekedwe a cholinga mwachindunji.