Mafupa a anthu ndi magulu nyumba olimba a bungwe fupa amapanga mafupa a zigawo zina za thupi. Choncho Ufumuyo mafupa tendons olumikizidwa kwa minofu. Chibade ndi thorax anthu, m'chiuno dera ndi pamimba aumbike mwa kuika minofu ndi mafupa ndi fascia (connective minofu nembanemba okhudza ziwalo, mitsempha ndi mitsempha), ndi cholandirira kwa ziwalo mkati. Komanso, wandiweyani fupa minofu Kuona kuti pali kutetezedwa awo mawotchi ndi makhalidwe kunja, ndipo innervation minofu kumabweretsa kusintha mu malo a mafupa ndi mafupa a mtundu adzakoka chokhethemulira, potero angathe kayendedwe ka thupi la munthu. Chifukwa chinthu chimodzimodzi ake ndi mtendere wa wonse wa anthu mafupa atagwira kulemera ndi kukwezedwa kuposa pansi.
Kapangidwe ka mafupa a
Pakuti mayiko kuphunzira mafupa salembedwa yagawidwa m'magawo 4: mutu mafupa (chigaza), mafupa a thunthu, womwenso thorax anthu ndi msana, komanso mafupa a mfulu malekezero chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi malamba. chapamwamba nthambi lamba zikuphatikizapo tsamba ndi phewa, ndi zone m'munsi - mafupa a mafupa m'chiuno.
Msana wa munthu, nayenso ali 5 zopatutsana ndi 4 kupinda: khomo lachiberekero, thoracic, lumbar, sacral ndi coccyx vertebrae glued. Chifukwa anaŵerama izi msana zimatengera mtundu wa Latin «S», ndi chifukwa nyumba imeneyi amaperekedwa woongoka kuyenda munthu ndi kukhalabe mgwirizano pa gulu.
Matenda a thoracic ndi
thorax anthu ali mawonekedwe a piramidi truncated ndi chidebe Mwachibadwa mtima ndi lalikulu ziwiya, mapapo ndi trachea ndi bronchi, thymus, kum'mero ndi mfundo angapo lymph. nsana wake ndi 12 thoracic vertebrae, sternum ndi akachita pakati awiriawiri 12 nthiti. Kusiyana pakati pa vertebrae thoracic ang'ono articular pamwamba pa njira yopingasa, kumene amagwira mitu nthiti. The choyamba - chiwiri awiri nthiti ndi kuliika mwachindunji sternum, ndi chitatu - awiri chakhumi cha malekezero cartilaginous amagwira kwa chichereŵechereŵe overlying nthiti ndi malekezero a mitundu iwiri iwiri otsiriza ndi ufulu. Kapangidwe wapadera wa pachifuwa anthu, womwe ndi theka chikusuntha mfundo nthiti ndi vertebrae ndi sternum chichereŵechereŵe ndipo mothandizidwa ndi zovuta zida ligamentous, kulola kuti mukulitse pa inhalation ndi mpweya reflexively n'zochepa nawo m'magulu kupuma. Pachifuwa M'mimbamo - danga ili anatomical lili mkati chifuwa ndi pansi pa kabowo delimited. Monga thorax anthu, ndi makoma anai, amene amalimbikitsidwa minofu ndi fascia, n'kupanga kwa nyini lomaliza. Komanso malinga pali angapo mipata Mwachibadwa ndimeyi magazi ndi ziwiya lymphatic ndi misempha zotumphukira. Anthu ndi osiyana complexion osiyana mitundu ya pachifuwa. Choncho, kapangidwe thupi anatsimikiza ndi ukulu epigastric ngodya lathu la nthiti ndi mtunda wa pakati pawo.