The zigawo za phapo. Reed m'mapapo zigawo

Mapapu waukulu kupuma dongosolo. Adzaze dziko lonse pachifuwa M'mimbamo kupatulapo mediastinum lapansi. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za ntchito yaikulu ya matupi awa. Pepala adzakhala kufotokoza Molingana ndi kuwala zigawo.

ntchito

Mu mapapo mpweya kuwombola amapezeka. Zimenezi ndi mayamwidwe mpweya kuchokera erythrocytes magazi mpweya alveolar ndi excretion mpweya woipa mu lumen wa asamathe madzi ndi mpweya. Choncho, mu mapapo izo ikuchitika mokwanira kugwirizana misempha, magazi ndi lymph ziwiya, Airways. Yotsirizira akuyamba ndi magawo oyambirira chitukuko phylogenetic ndi embryonic.

Mlingo wa mpweya wabwino, komanso ndalama otaya magazi, mlingo mpweya otaya mwa akakufunsani alveolar-capillary Kakhungu makulidwe ndi elasticity wa mafupa zotanuka, hemoglobin machulukitsidwe, ndi zinthu zina kudziwa mlingo wa kupezeka kwa mpweya. Ngati inu kusintha kulikonse chizindikiro chimodzi ndi kuphwanya ya Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa kupuma ndipo zingachititse ambiri matenda zinchito.

M'madipatimenti: General mudziwe

Anthu m'mapapo zigawo akuimira zigawo za parenchyma lapansi. Iwo kulowa mtsempha wamagazi ndi bronchus. Pa periphery zinthu ndi spliced. Mosiyana lobes m'mapapo, mbali mankhwala mulibe akukangamizani yeniyeni connective interlayers. Aliyense amafotokozera ali mu mawonekedwe a chulucho a. nsonga ya walangizidwa chipata cha phapo, m'munsi - pamwamba. Nthambi mitsempha kugona mu malo. Anachoka m'mapapo zigawo zisanu ndi zinayi. Mbali moyandikana thupi 10 alipo. The m'mapapo kumanzere limapangidwa lobes awiri. Kumanja tichipeza zigawo zitatu. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kapangidwe awo mkati ndi yosiyana. Anachoka m'munsi Lobe anali olekanitsidwa gawo 4. Njirazi ndi monga:

1. Nizhnezadny.
2. Nizhnenaruzhny.
3. Nizhnevnutrenny.
4. Upper.

Palinso bango m'mapapo zigawo:

• M'munsi.
• Upper.

Pansi pa dzanja lamanzere akuti ndi yoyenera kwambiri kuonetsetsa m'zigawo zinayi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti m'munsi kutsogolo ndi madipatimenti mkati monga bronchus wamba.

The zigawo za m'mapapo lamanja: Front Tebulo

Tsambali lili dorsally kuchokera apical. Mu gawo 5 kusiyanitsa malire. Awiri a iwo muno pakati pa apical, kumtunda ndi zapambuyo padziko medial. Atatu malire padziko nthiti. Jumper zomwe ndi zapambuyo ndi zapambuyo zigawo ya phapo, ali lathu choimirira. Kuti mtsempha wa, mtsempha wamagazi ndi bronchus chosinthika membala ikuchitika ku mbali medial pachipata kung'ambika pleural pamwamba kapena kuchokera koyamba yopingasa poyambira gawo. Pakati m'mitsempha ndi mtsempha wamagazi ili segmental bronchus. A magazi njira chosinthika mchitidwe zolumukizidwa kutsogolo chidebe. Pamodzi, iwo ali mbali ya m'mitsempha m'mapapo mwanga. Pakati pa II ndipo IV nthiti mbale imene kuyenda pamwamba pa gawo sternum zapambuyo.

m'dera kutsogolo

gawo ili mu Lobe chapamwamba. Iye akhoza kukhala ndi malire asanu. Awiri bodza padziko medial. Iwo amagawira apical ndi zapambuyo, medial ndi zapambuyo zigawo za phapo. m'malire atatu kugona pamwamba pa nthiti. Iwo amagawira medial, zapambuyo ndi lateral, zapambuyo ndi zapambuyo, apical ndi zapambuyo zigawo. Mtsempha wamagazi chochokera pamwamba pa nthambi zikuluzikulu. Pamakhala bronchus ndi Vienna. Iwo anapereka mu mawonekedwe a inflow ku nthambi chapamwamba. Bronchus ndi ziwiya mu gawo pa kung'ambika kwa pleura medial mukhoza kumangiriza chipata kutsogolo. Zoni kutsogolo ili m'chigawo cha II-IV nthiti.

lateral Front

gawo ili ntchito ku medial monga gulu yopapatiza, amene amayendetsa pamwamba mizere interlobar oblique. Bronchus ndi zochokera chammbuyo. Mogwirizana ndi gawo ili pa nsana wa Lobe pakati. Iye akhoza kuoneka pamwamba pa nthiti. Mu dipatimenti pali malire asanu. Awiri a iwo kugona padziko medial, kulekanitsa kutsogolo ndi lateral, lateral ndi medial zigawo za phapo. Malire woyamba lagona pa mzere ndi mapeto gawo la poyambira oblique. ena atatu - zili padziko thupi chipsyepsye. Iwo amagawira ena zigawo medial ndi lateral pakati kuwala.

M'malire loyamba akuthamanga vertically. Izo zimapita kuchokera ku yopingasa malo mzere kumalire a scythe lapansi. M'malire chachiwiri ayambire pakati kutsogolo ndi zigawo lateral. Iwo limagwirizana ndi poyambira yopingasa. Malirewo lachitatu pokhudzana ndi zapambuyo ndi zapambuyo zigawo za Lobe m'munsi. Vienna, mtsempha wamagazi ndi bronchus ali kwambiri. Njira kwa iwo n'chotheka pansipa pachipata cha poyambira oblique. gawo ofananira ili mu dera pakati pa nthiti IV-VI.

medial

Umaonera monga medial, ndi pamalo nthiti mu Lobe pakati. Mu dipatimenti pali malire anayi. Awiri osiyana gawo medial a mbali pansi ndi mbali chapamwamba kutsogolo. Malirewo chachiwiri chikugwirizana ndi poyambira oblique. The choyamba - ankalemekeza amathamanga kutsogolo kwa recess yopingasa. Padziko costal napereka malire awiri. Mmodzi akayambitsa m'dera pakati pa mzere kutsogolo yopingasa, akuponya kutha gawo oblique. The chachiwiri kutsogolo malire gawo ndi wosiyana medial lapansi. Mfundo chikugwirizana ndi poyambira yopingasa ili. Nthambi m'munsi mwa mtsempha wamagazi umachoka segmental nthambi. Pansi ndi matenda ndi centimeter Vienna. njira Segmental kuti pedicle ndi anachita pansi pa chipata interlobar oblique poyambira. Malire a chifuwa ili mu dera IV-VI nthiti axillary midline.

Upper m'munsi gawo olekanitsidwa

gawo ili ndi pamwamba. M'munda wa III-VII nthiti mu gawo limayenda malire awiri. Limodzi akudutsa pakati pa nsoka chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi mwa gawo la kumbuyo la Lobe chapamwamba. malire limayenda limodzi poyambira oblique. Mfundo yachiwiri ndi mu zigawo chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi m'munsi. Kudziwa malire ayenera kupitiriza dera kutsogolo pafupi yopingasa poyambira pa malo kugwirizana kwake kwa kuluka lapansi. The gawo chapamwamba mtsempha wamagazi abwino nthambi m'munsi chonse chotengera. Pansipa ndi bronchus, etc. - Vienna. Access kuchipata n'zotheka kudzera mwa oblique interlobar sulcus.

Medial woyambira

gawo ili pabwino pa mbali medial pansipa chandamale m'mapapo mwanga. dipatimenti ndi pokhudzana ndi otsika vena cava ndi atrium bwino. The gawo malire ndi wosiyana ndi kumbuyo, lateral ndi kutsogolo. Nthambi m'munsi mwa mtsempha wamagazi mu dipatimenti chotengera umachoka. Mbali pamwamba pa lobar bronchus segmental bronchus imatengedwa. Pansipa ndi Vienna, unatsanuliridwa mu gawo pansi lamanja la chachikulu.

zapambuyo woyambira

gawo uwu mu Lobe m'munsi, zapambuyo gawo zace. malo ake pa sternum ndi limafanana VI-VIII nthiti axillary midline. Mu dipatimenti pali malire atatu. Mzere woyamba ayambire pakati pa lateral ndi zapambuyo gawo la Lobe pakati. Iwo limafanana ndi fissure oblique. The ziyerekezo m'malire chachiwiri chikugwirizana ndi pamwamba medial a kuyambira mitsempha. Mzere wachitatu ayambire pakati pa gawo chapamwamba ndi zapambuyo. Mtsempha wamagazi akuyamba ku okwana magazi njira ya nthambi m'munsi. Bronchus ukusunthira kutali ndondomeko lobar homonymous amafotokozera. Vienna ndi mbali ya makhwawa m'munsi chachikulu. Bronchus ndi mtsempha wamagazi kuonekera pa pansi pa grooves oblique pansi pa pleura choipidwa. Vienna opezeka pansi mitsempha ya.

Woyambira lateral magawano

gawo ili Tingaone pa zakulera ndi nthiti mbali ya phapo. M'dera la pakati olekanitsidwa VII-IX mbale pa kumbuyo axillary mzere. Mmenemo ndi malire atatu. Poyamba chimafikira pakati kutsogolo ndi zigawo lateral. Last medial ndi magawo malire chachiwiri. Mzere wachitatu ayambire pakati pa zigawo kumbuyo ndi lateral. Bronchus ndi mtsempha wamagazi boza pansi pa poyambira oblique, Vienna - gulu.

woyambira Kauda

gawo ili pabwino mu Lobe m'munsi. Iye anakumana ndi msana. Gawo akuchita malo mu VII-X nthiti. Mu dipatimenti pali malire awiri. Iwo anasiyanitsidwa ndi gawo kumbuyo kwa chapamwamba ndipo lateral. Vienna, bronchus ndi mtsempha wamagazi bodza pa akuya grooves oblique. Pamene opaleshoni alowererepo zilipo ndi bwino mbali medial wa Lobe m'munsi.

Zigawo za m'mapapo anasiya

Pamwamba pali mabungwe otsatirawa:

1. Apical. Iye ali pafupifupi mawonekedwe omwewo a dzina lomweli gawo la m'mapapo bwino. Vienna, bronchus ndi mtsempha wamagazi inali pamwamba pa chipata.
2. Kumbuyo. Ake m'munsi malire V akupita uko ku mphepete. Zapambuyo ndi zigawo apical ya m'mapapo kumanzere kawirikawiri amaphatikiza wina.
3. Front. malire ake m'munsi lagona horizontally wachibale ku nthiti III.

Reed kumanzere zigawo m'mapapo:

1. Front. Ili pa nthiti ndi mbali medial mu III-V ndi apakatikati nthiti axillary mzere pa mlingo wa IV-VI ya zipangizo.
2. M'munsi. Malowa ali pamtunda pansi dipatimenti m'mbuyomu. malire ake chikugwirizana ndi poyambira pa. M'munsi ndi chapamwamba bango m'mapapo zigawo wogawanika pakati pakati pa mphako mtima.

Ndime m'munsi gawo lifanane ndi chimodzimodzi limba zosiyana.

Opaleshoni alowererepo: zikuonetsa

resection ake anachita osemphana ndi gawo lililonse (kuchotsa). Izi zikhonza kukhala zofunika milandu zotsatirazi:

1. Kuwonongedwa kwa minofu pa maziko a kutupa, amayamba ndi matenda (TB, makamaka).
2. Alibe m'mapapo pa kuchuluka zotupa (zilonda ndi mtima wabwino).
3. Kuthi kapena kobadwa nako mapangidwe malo dzenje.
4. Purulent azingokhala nsalu ndi maziko a angapo pathologies.
5. Ngozi.

Inde ya opaleshoni

Monga ulamuliro, ndi lotere. Popeza kuunika zobisika sternum, ndiye kuti mwayi bwino anachita ang'ambe thupilo pakati pa nthiti. Ndiye akukankha mbale ndi chida chapadera. Malinga ndi kukula kwa chotupa cha imagwiridwa resection wa amafotokozera anatomical ndi zinchito. Mwachitsanzo, kuchotsa angathe kuchitidwa gawo m'mapapo. Osakaniza osiyanasiyana resection zikhoza kukhala m'madipatimenti angapo nthawi imodzi.

Angagwiritsidwenso ikuchitika lobectomy. phukusi ikukhudza kuchotsa chiwerengero thupi. Nthawi zina, mphero resection imagwiridwa. Opaleshoni imeneyi ndi atypical. Bwaloli suturing ndi kuchotsa gawo kuonongeka mbali lakunja ya phapo. Childs, mtundu wa resection ikuchitika ndi kuvulala, zosiyana pang'ono kuwonongeka.