The puloteni imene imapangitsa clotting magazi, kodi dzina?

Komanso, pamene mosavuta, monga kagawo kapena kubaya, kuchiritsa mwamsanga ndipo popanda mavuto. Sitikudziwa ngofunika kwa mphamvu mochuluka bwanji, katundu ndi machitidwe nawo kuonetsetsa umphumphu wa thupi lathu.

Kodi dongosolo coagulation?

Mu sayansi ya zachipatala ya coagulation magazi amatchedwa "homeostasis." Ndi ndondomeko imene yapereka boma madzi a magazi ndiponso kupewa imfa ya wambirimbiri izo. Magazi kwa anthu - ndi kasupe wa moyo, monga kungakuthandizeni kubwera mu maselo onse a zakudya. Iwo osati chakudya m'thupi, komanso amateteza izo. Madzimadzi mu thupi si kwambiri, kotero aliyense puncture kapena ang'ambe thupilo, lomwe ndi kuphwanya umphumphu wa ziwiya magazi, akhoza kutha kulira. Koma amathandiza a dongosolo coagulation, zambiri ndendende, enzyme ake omwe amachititsa magazi clotting. Iyo imatchedwa consonant ndi particles kwambiri ya maselo othandiza magazi kuundana ndi madzi.

dongosolo ndi wapadera chifukwa chakuti ndi magazi madzi mu zotengera magazi. Kamodzi chotengera unathera pomwepo adalowa ntchito njira zosiyana ndi wothandizila kuphimba dzenje chotengeracho. dongosolo lino osati minimizes magazi, komanso kumathandiza kuti ntchito zinthu makamaka. Mwachibadwa, njira zonse moyenera, potero kwathunthu anachita ngati vuto Mitsempha kuonongeka.

magazi anticoagulation

Cholinga a dongosolo lino zonse magazi clotting. Ndipotu, ngati ndondomeko si malamulo, izo zidzapangitsa kuti kuswa ntchito yofunika zozitetezera. dongosolo anticoagulant umalimbana kuteteza mapangidwe magazi kuundana kwa ziwiya zonse thrombin ankachita pokha pa malo zowonongeka. Komanso, anticoagulants mu zonse magazi madzi lonse ndi zinthu zimene chizolowezi kwa kukhuthala ndi thicken madzi.

Pa mlingo thupi, heparin, antithrombin mapulotini, zoletsa zinthu (anticoagulants dongosolo) ziletsa mapangidwe Ulimbo, ziletsa loitanirana wa erythrocytes, maselo othandiza magazi kuundana ndi ziletsa kupanga chamoyo thromboplastin. Komatu enzyme akutchedwa magazi clotting, ndipo kodi zotsatira zake?

N'chifukwa chiyani muyenera kupasuka magazi kuundana mu dongosolo coagulation?

The chigawo chachitatu cha lonse lonse ndondomeko ntchito magazi coagulation fibrinolytic dongosolo. Ntchito yake kupasuka kuundana alipo. Zimenezi chofunika pamene ntchito yaikulu udzatha, ndi pamwamba pa chotengeracho limzake. Hemostasis udzatha bwinobwino, ngati zigawo zitatu dongosolo magazi coagulation ndi sbalanstirovano. Apo ayi pali chisokonezo mu ndondomeko - zingakhale kwambiri magazi kapena thrombosis. Amenewa "skewed" mu anati kwa chiwindi, m'mapapo, zotupa, matenda a mitima, la misempha ndipo pathologies ena.

Kodi clotting akuyamba?

Coagulation - kusintha, kutembenuka kwa madzi magazi aumirira odzola dongosolo. Ndi Mbali imeneyi, thupi amapulumutsa yekha pa imfa ya magazi. Ngati zowonongeka ndi yaing'ono chotengera aumirira aumbike (pamene iwo amayamba kuchita enzyme kuchititsa magazi clotting) kumachita monga sankafuna kuti amalimbikitsa hemostasis.

magazi clotting kumachitika chifukwa dongosolo lapadera, kutanthauza zoletsa ya coagulation, kutaya zinthu. Puloteni imene imapangitsa clotting magazi, anapanga zonse. Zoletsa ntchito mu mode yothandizira mu mbali:

• Gulu 1. Umayamba kuchita heparin ndi antiprotrombinaza.
• 2 gawo. Ntchito kubwera zoletsa thrombin (fibrinogen, Ulimbo, pretrombin Ine ndi II, thrombin mankhwala hydrolytic).

Pa matenda ambiri mu thupi anapanga zoletsa zina. Ambiri akhala chinsinsi mmene enzyme umayambitsa magazi clotting. Ndipotu, ndondomeko imeneyi kumafuna kufufuza zinthu zambiri ndi zinthu. Koma zonse ndi mosamalitsa ntchito zawo, ngati enzyme wotaya mphamvu yake hemostatics, ngakhale kuwonongeka pang'ono kuti chotengeracho adzatsogolera magazi ake amapha.

An enzyme womwe, umayambitsa magazi clotting

Tidadzatulukira zimene tiyenera dongosolo clotting, tsopano pang'ono kumvera zifukwa zake zokhudza thupi. Kodi dzina la puloteni imene imapangitsa clotting magazi? Chapakati ndi ndondomeko izi thrombin m'banja la trypsin. Pa zochita mankhwala, icho chikuchitira pa fibrinogen kupanga Ulimbo mu izo. An enzyme womwe, umayambitsa magazi coagulation, fibrinolysis, ndipo kwambiri nthawi thrombosis, mtima kamvekedwe. Mapangidwe enzyme kumachitika mu njira yotupa.

Thrombin ku prothrombin akupezeka sitepe lotsiriza la coagulation. Thrombin amalimbikitsa kutsegula kwa V, VIII, XIII clotting zinthu. Iwo ali katundu m'thupi anasonyeza pamene anakumana ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana ndi maselo za indofeliyamu. Pamene olumikizidwa kwa thrombomodulin enzyme uyu akuima kutembenukira magazi kuchokera.

Gawo la hemostasis: kodi ndi udindo wa magazi clotting enzyme

Mbali yapadera ndi kutsekedwa hemostatic ya chotengera kuonongeka. Ulimbo yarns zimathandiza kuti mapangidwe thrombus, amene kenako amapeza katundu magazi astringent. Kodi dzina la puloteni imene imapangitsa clotting magazi? dzina ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi mawu akuti "magazi aumirira" - thrombin. Iye ndi wokonzeka ntchito, ndi kuyan'anila za ntchito kwambiri akuyamba. Hemostasis lagawidwa magawo angapo:

1. Gawo yatsoka prothrombinase. Pa nthawi imeneyi anapanga minofu ndi magazi michere, ndondomeko atuluka ndi anachokera imathamanga osiyana. Magazi prothrombinase mapangidwe zimadalira prothrombinase minofu (minofu enzyme imayendetsa zinthu mapangidwe enzyme magazi). Mu gawo ili yomweyo lakunja ndi limagwirira lamkati la coagulation magazi.
2. Gawo la thrombin m'badwo. Mu gawo ili, ife kupeza yankho ku funso mmene enzyme umayambitsa magazi clotting. Prothrombin ndi unagawika zigawo ndi aumbike trombinaktiviruyuschee mankhwala omwe kumapangitsa ndi zipangizo mbali zotsatirazi accelerin.
3. Gawo zosayembekezereka wa Ulimbo. Thrombin (puloteni womwe, umayambitsa magazi clotting) zimakhudzanso fibrinogen, amino asidi pogawanikana pamawere amapezeka.
4. imeneyi ndi wapadera kuti polymerisation wa Ulimbo ndi mapangidwe aumirira.
5. Fibrinolysis. Mu gawo ili hemocoagulation ikutha.

"Zowonekera kunja" phasing

limagwirira Ichi ndi zovuta, ndipo pang'onopang'ono. Choyamba, malo owonongeka anakumana ndi magazi, thromboplastin mphamvu chinthu III. Ndiye izo otembenuka VII (proconvertin) mu VII-A (Convertino). Chifukwa cha linachepa ukapezeka zovuta Ca ++ + III + VIIIa, akuziyambitsa chinthu X, ndi kuti n'kukhala Xa. Chifukwa cha njira zonse zikutipatsa zovuta wina, amene ali mbali zonse za minofu prothrombinase. Kukhalapo Va akusonyeza pamaso pa thrombin, Factor V-activating. Kuti minofu prothrombinase otembenuka prothrombin kuti thrombin. enzyme Izi zimapangitsa magazi coagulation ndi mphamvu zinthu V ndi VIII, amene ankafuna kuoneka prothrombinase magazi.

"Internal" magazi clotting

Pamodzi ndi kunja mkati clotting anayamba. Lumikizanani ndi gawo osasamba chombocho, akuziyambitsa Factor XII (XII - XIIa). Pa nthawi yomweyo anapanga hemostatic misomali. Yogwira XII imayendetsa chinthu XI, limapezeka kenako XIIa + Ca ++ + Xia + III, kumene kumakhudza IX ndi mitundu kusinthidwa kuipidwa. Iwo imayendetsa X, ndipo kenako chimaoneka Xa + Va + Ca ++ + III, umene ndi magazi prothrombinase. Apa ndi puloteni ina umayambitsa magazi clotting. Kudulidwa mu "kunja" ndi "mkati" pokhapo titachitapo kwambiri ndipo ankangomva mabwalo maphunziro kwa mayiko, monga njira izi mwatcheru kwambiri zogwirizana.

Udindo wa zinthu coagulation pochita

Ife tanena kale kuti ndondomeko ya clotting magazi sakhala wopanda zinthu zina, wotchedwa zinthu. zinthu izi tinabadwa - plasma mapulotini, zimene sayansi mankhwala otchedwa zinthu.

• Ulimbo ndi fibrinogen. Fibrinogen ali sanamvere pamene ntchito ya thrombin.
• Thrombin ndi prothrombin. Prothrombin ndi glycoprotein, ndi magazi zokwanira kutembenuza fibrinogen mu Ulimbo. Thrombin - puloteni womwe, umayambitsa magazi clotting, icho limafotokoza za izo akalipo.
• Thromboplastin. Iwo ali dongosolo phospholipid, kumayambiriro kwa ntchito. Ndi ophunzira yaikulu koyamba gawo.
• Ionized kashiamu Ca ++. Mwakhama nawo mu njira ya homeostasis.
• Proaktselerin ndi accelerin (AC-globulin). Nawo mbali ziwiri clotting. Imathandizira njira zambiri enzymatic.
• Prokonvertina ndi Convertino. Izi mapuloteni beta-globulin nusu. Imayendetsa minofu protombinazu.
• A globulin Antigemofilichesky (AGG-A). Membala wa prothrombinase magazi. Ngati osati zomanga thupi ili, ndiye akufotokozera amapatsira mwana wake. Ake pang'ono magazi, koma n'kofunika kwa anthu.
• Antigemofilichesky globulin (AGG-V, Khirisimasi chinthu). The chothandizira ndi activator X-chinthu.
• Factor Koller, Mdindo-Prauer china. Ophunzira prothrombinase.
• Rosenthal chinthu, plasma thromboplastin kuloŵedwa (PPT). Iwo Iyamba zikamera wa prothrombinase.
• kukhudzana chinthu Hageman china. Kodi kukankha limagwirira clotting. PALI kutsegula zinthu zina.
• Fibrinstabilizator Laki-Lorand. Pakufunika kupanga Ulimbo insoluble.

Mfundo zonsezi n'zofunika kwa clotting yoyenera pamene ndondomeko izi zimachitika mofulumira ndi efficiently, popanda kuchititsa thupi imfa kwambiri magazi.

Limagwirira la mapangidwe thrombi

Kubwezeretsa ziwiya zowonongeka zimachokeradi mwanjira ina, pali zambiri zinthu zimene analamula mu ntchito yawo. Akamanena za ndondomekoyi kwagona kuti pali sizingasinthe coagulation mapulotini corpuscles magazi maselo. magazi kuundana amagwira khoma chotengera pamene aumirira ku panaoneka kuti chotengeracho, ndi disconnection zina zimachokeradi.

Pamene chotengera chawonongeka, chinthu zake amadziŵika zimathandiza kuti chopinga njira coagulation. Othandiza tisandulika ndi kuwonongedwa, chifukwa mu kusiya procoagulants magazi: thromboplastin ndi thrombin, ndi puloteni womwe, umayambitsa magazi clotting. Mu zochita za fibrinogen amakhala Ulimbo, amene ali mawonekedwe a gululi ndipo ndi maziko a magazi aumirira. Izi mauna kuti nthawi zina amakhala wandiweyani. Pa nthawi imeneyi, mapangidwe magazi kuundana malekezero, magazi anaima.

Coagulation nthawi limasonyeza enzyme ntchito

Nthawi asavulale ndi magazi asiye kutuluka amatenga mphindi ziwiri kapena zinayi. The puloteni amachititsa clotting magazi mkati mphindi 10. nthawi iyi ndi yoona, ngati palibe chisokonezo kachitidwe lalikulu nawo mbali. Koma pali matenda ena omwe ndondomeko clotting mochedwa pansi kapenanso kosatheka. Chotero pathologies oopsa ndi amapatsira mwana wake, shuga ndi ena.

Nawo wamanjenje dongosolo mu ndondomeko

Pamene choipa zikachitika, thupi akutumiza ululu mbendera ubongo. Ululu kumasintha njira. Mtundu uwu wa nzothandiza amathandiza kuti imathandizira clotting. Kuti ululu chinthu anawonjezera mantha amene zina kumawonjezera kanthu za thrombin ndi coagulation. Ngati ululu achita nthawi yochepa magazi clotting enzyme thrombin ntchito kuti kubwerera mwakale mofulumira kwambiri, pa nthawi yomweyo nawo kokha limagwirira reflex. Yaitali ululu ndipo zikugwirizana limagwirira humoral wa clotting magazi, minofu machiritso msanga kwambiri.

Atadziŵa misempha wachifundo kapena pambuyo jekeseni wa zikuwonjezereka masiku ano clotting ukuwonjezeka. Ngakhale bwanji misempha parasympathetic m'mbuyo pasukuluyi. M'madipatimenti ntchito pamodzi ndi kuthandizana. Pambuyo kukatseka magazi, kumaonjezera ntchito dongosolo parasympathetic, zomwe zimalimbikitsa ntchito protivosvertyvaniya.

Dongosolo endocrine kuthandiza hemostasis

ziwalo zonse za thupi dongosolo endocrine, kwambiri mu ntchito zawo. Mahomoni ndi zotsatira amphamvu kwambiri pa dongosolo thupi. Imathandizira pa ndondomeko mahomoni magazi coagulation monga ACTH, kukula timadzi, adrenalin, cortisone, testosterone, progesterone. Zotsatira retarding pa hemostasis operekedwa ndi: chithokomiro-zolimbikitsa timadzi, thyroxin ndi esitirojeni. Ngati inu akuphwanya kugwira ntchito mahomoni mwina kusintha ndondomeko komanso mukhoza kukhala mavuto aakulu, amene ayenera kukambirana katswiri.