"The Minor": zilembo zabwino ndi zoipa. Ngwazi za Comedy "Oaf" Fonvizina

Mu 1782, anamaliza ntchito pa ntchito yake bwino - ndi sewero lanthabwala "The Minor" - Di Fonvizin.

Written malinga ndi miyambo ya classicism, izo koma anakhala nzeru kwa nthawi. Izi zinaoneka mu mavuto (wolemba zikutipatsa mafunso pa nkhani ya maphunziro, boma, chikhalidwe ndi achibale), ndi fano la ngwazi. Ngakhale kuti mu sewero lanthabwala ndi "The Minor" zabwino ndi zilembo zoipa bwino limasonyeza, maganizo a owerenga kwa iwo (kapena wowerenga) si nthawi zonse bwino. Yesetsani kumvetsa chifukwa chake?

miyambo chakale ntchito

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi choona kuti sewero lanthabwala Fonvizin titchuke umodzi wa nthawi (maola) ndi malo (Zinali Prost), ndi chikondi makona , ndi kukhalapo kwa arguer kulankhula banja. The zilembo zazikulu yagawidwa padziko Starodum ndi Prostakova, sekondale pafupi ndi chimodzi kapena chimzake. Popeza kupanga gulu: wamng'ono osaphunzira njonda Mitrofanushka - iye ndi ignoramus - zabwino ndi zoipa otchulidwa, osiyana chuma chawo zikhulupiriro makhalidwe, maganizo kwa anthu ena, kulankhula, etc.

"Kuti chinthu Mwagolide, ndiye ine nkhondo ..."

Mawu analankhula Prostakova kwathunthu amadziwika zilembo, ndi kuchititsa ziyenera negative. Wamphamvu (mpaka nthawi zina), mwini munda - ndi kuchimwa chachikulu.

"The Minor" - ndi parody zimene zinkachitika mu mabanja ambiri wolemekezeka musati amasiyana kunena ndi kulemba, koma anali ndalama ndi mphamvu. Ms. Prost analamulira popanda wopikisana naye nyumba yonse - ndi mantha ngakhale ofooka wofuna mwamuna. "Kukhulupirira", "chitsiru", "makapu", "njira" ndipo pansi. - ndi mankhwala wamba ena. mwana yekhayo iye limamutchula kuti "wokondedwa" ndipo momveka bwino kuti amachita chilichonse cha chimwemwe. Prost - osaphunzira ndi zoipa munthu amene amaona m'mlengalenga kwambiri. Iye amadziwa amene sali wokwanira kwambiri, ndi amene ayenera kumwetulira, chonde.

Monga kanthu sewero lanthabwala "The Oaf" otchulidwa zabwino ndi zoipa yodziwika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, mbiri ya moyo wa Prostakova tikuphunzira mgonero wake ndi Starodumov. ake onse mfundo moyo kuti anatengera kwa makolo omwewo mbuli. Poyankha, iye anaika Mitrofanushka awo ankakonda.

Zosiyana kwambiri ndi mlongo wake Skotinin. ngwazi Izi Fonvizin pafupifupi mwathunthu mosatsata maonekedwe anthu. Ndipo dzina sizikumveka ngati munthu, ndi chizolowezi chabe kutembenukira mu kumulakalaka - nkhumba, ndi mawu lolingana. Ndipo pamene izo zifika ku ukwati, mphwake, Afunanso kuti tigwire ya cholowa wachuma wa Mkwatibwi, akutembenukira kwa mdani wake.

Mitrofanushka - woipa amene amabweretsa

Ignoramus - otchedwa wamng'ono zazing'ono fuko lomveka ku Russia, zomwe sizinathe anagwirizana. Ndi mu m'badwo uno Mitrofanushka - "ngati mayi." Iye ali mbuli, mwano, awiri yachisoni, mochenjera, monga Prost. Komanso waulesi, ankawanyoza kulozera ku mitundu yonse ya sayansi ndi aphunzitsi, koma kwathunthu katswiri malamulo a chiwerewere, chinyengo, luso zokondweretsa. Iye ankakonda kwathunthu kukoma kwa mphamvu anamupatsa udindo. Ngakhale bambo Mitrofanushka imakhudzanso munthu wamng'ono, umboni ndi "maloto." Komabe, tisaiwale kuti ignoramus adzapita amayi ake. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kumakhaladi zimasonyeza khalidwe la ngwazi mu zochitika komaliza, pamene m'malo mwamwano amakankhira ake ndi mawu akuti: "Inde, ndichiyani kutali, mayi anga bwanji kuti asanene ...". Mwa njira, pambuyo sewero lanthabwala Fonvizin mawu "ignoramus" anapeza phindu generalizing ndi kuwunika zoipa.

Antipodes Prost - goodies

"The Minor" yosiyana anasonyeza mwa ziyenera woyambitsa wa zochitika m'mbiri ya atumwi XYIII mochedwa. Izi kumathandiza kwambiri udindo Starodum fano. Izi sikisite chaka munthu amene pa nthawi ina anapeza ntchito mwini zochuluka yaing'ono, ntchito ku Siberia. Ndiye kumenyana akapuma ankatumikira pa bwalo. Monga munthu wolungama, ndipo anawona kwambiri, iye sapereka nkani kwambiri mapangidwe boma, akuluakulu, maubale. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa kufunika Starodum kutumikira phindu la Dziko Lathu, iye adatsimikizira mbali maphunziro. N'zosadabwitsa kuti ambiri mwa mawu ake, monga "Kodi mtima, kubala moyo, ndipo udzakhala munthu ..." - nthawi yomweyo anakhala aphorisms.

Panali zitumbuwa zina - "The Minor" chikutanthauza kutsatira miyambo. Izi Moscow boma PRAVDIN (iye anabwera poyera zlonravie), mphwanga ndi heiress Starodum Sophia, kwa nthawi yaitali kuona kuvutitsidwa m'nyumba Prostakova, msilikali wamng'ono, amene analota kudzipereka kwake kwa Lathu, Milo. mawu ndi zochita zawo zina poyera makhalidwe a anthu ngati Prost ndi Skotinin. Iwo ali pafupifupi palibe zovuta, kotero iwo angatchedwe anthu angwiro.

Choncho, sewero lanthabwala ndi "The Minor" otchulidwa zabwino ndi zoipa ankaimba ndi ntchito bwino chimatanthauza. Choyamba poyera oipa ndi nkhanza, ndiponso mawu awo amanena mfundo za kuti basi chikhalidwe. Yotsirizira ophatikizapo ambiri kusakhala anthu: umbuli, wankhanza, awumbombo, kudziletsa yekha ukulu, etc.

luso wolemba

Ndi mwambo onse sewero lanthabwala kuti anali ndi kusiyana kwa akalambula ake. Kudzipereka Kuzindikira - ndi chinthu chatsopano chimene anabweretsa kusewera Fonvizin. "The Minor", ngwazi za amene amaoneka bwino ndipo zosiyanasiyana, chilakolako osiyana kalembedwe. Kodi chinachitika m'banja Prost ankaona mwa prism gulu la chikhalidwe ndi amatichititsa kuganiza za mavuto monga serfdom mawonekedwe bwino za boma boma, kufunika kwa maphunziro. Chifukwa, icho chiri kale kuphwanya utatu monga mmodzi wa zofuna za classicism.

Mwadzidzidzi chakuti mu chomaliza wa owerenga akumvetsa ndi Prostakova nkhanza amene anakhala kapolo wa zlonraviya yake. Nchifukwa, akusonyeza kuposa mawu a Starodum: "Kodi mtima, kubala moyo, ndipo udzakhala munthu nthawi zonse" - zomwe Musataye kufunika awo lero.