The "Beatles": yonena ndi ntchito (chithunzi). Mbiri ya The Beatles

gulu "Beatles" wapanga chopereka kwambiri chitukuko cha thanthwe nyimbo ndipo anakhala chodabwitsa chapadera cha chikhalidwe dziko la zaka zao za sikisite zaka mazana makumi awiri. M'nkhaniyi tiona osati mbiri ya zikamera wa "Beatles". Wambiri mwa aliyense pambuyo kugwa kwa gulu lodziwika bwino adzakhala angaonere.

Chiyambi (1956-1960)

Pamene panali gulu "The Beatles"? Wambiri ndi ntchito chidwi gulu mibadwo mafani. Mbiri ya gulu yatsoka akhoza kuyamba ndi mapangidwe nyimbo zokonda ophunzira.

M'chaka cha 1956, mtsogoleri wa timu tsogolo nyenyezi, John Lennon atamva imodzi mwa nyimbo za Elvis Presley. Ndipo nyimbo iyi, kusweka mtima Hotel, anatembenuka ndi moyo lonse la wachinyamata. Lennon ankaimba banjo ndi harmonica, koma nyimbo yatsopano anatsogolera kutenga gitala.

Wambiri ya gulu la "The Beatles" mu Russian zambiri akuyamba ndi gulu loyamba, bungwe ndi Lennon. Ndi anzanuwo, analenga gulu "Kuorrimen", dzina lake polemekeza sukulu yawo. Achinyamata kusewera skiffle, mtundu wa zofufuzafufuza thanthwe British 'n' mayina.

Pamsonkhano wina wa zisudzo ndi gulu Lennon anakumana Paulo McCartney, amene kudabwa munthu poyambira chidziwitso cha nyimbo zatsopano ndiponso chitukuko nyimbo. Ndipo m'chaka cha 1958 linagwirizana ndi Dzhordzh Harrison, bwenzi la Paulo. Utatu chinali maziko a gulu. Anawapempha kuti kusewera pa maphwando ndi ukwati, koma sizinatero kuti zoimbaimba izi.

Potengera chitsanzo cha apainiya a miyala ndi mpukutu Eddi Kokrana ndi Baddi Holli, Paulo ndi John anaganiza kulemba nyimbo ndi gitala. malemba iwo analemba pamodzi, ndipo anawapatsa olemba awiri.

Mu 1959, gulu ali membala watsopano - Styuart Satkliff, bwenzi Lennon a. gulu unakhazikitsidwa pafupifupi: Sutcliffe (yoimba gitala), Harrison (gitala kutsogolera), McCartney (mingoli, gitala, limba), Lennon (mingoli, kayimbidwe kotani gitala). Choperewera chabe drummer.

dzina

Mwachidule pa "The Beatles" gulu kuuza kovuta, imathandiza ngakhale mbiri ya yatsoka dzina chosavuta ndi waufupi wa gululo. Pamene timu anayamba adzamangidwa mu moyo makonsatiwo a mumzinda wakwawo, iye anatenga dzina latsopano, chifukwa mu sukulu kale adalinso ndi chibwenzi. Komanso, gulu anayamba kuchita ziwonetsero zosiyanasiyana talente.

Mwachitsanzo, gulu unachita pansi pa dzina Johnny ndi Moondogs ( «Johnny ndi Moon Agalu") kwa 1959 TV osonyeza chaka. Ndipo dzina la The Beatles anaonekera miyezi ingapo, kumayambiriro 1960. Amene chimodzimodzi anatulukira izo, Sizikudziwika zambiri, Sutcliffe ndi Lennon, amene angatenge mawu ndi matanthauzo ambiri.

Katchulidwe ka dzina zikumveka ngati kafadala, mwachitsanzo kafadala. Ndipo pamene kulemba zooneka kugunda muzu - monga pang'ono-music, mafashoni azimuth thanthwe ndi mpukutu umene adanyamuka m'ma 1960. Komabe, olimbikitsa ankaganiza kuti dzina limeneli si catchy ndi waufupi kwambiri, kotero anyamata pa zithunzi kuti dzina monga Long John ndi The Silver Tizilombo ( "Long John ndi Silver Tizilombo").

Hamburg (1960-1962)

Kugonjetsa oimba anakula, koma iwo anali mmodzi wa anthu magulu kwawo. Wambiri ya gulu la "The Beatles", mwachidule zomwe inu anayamba kuliwerenga akupitiriza kusuntha bandi mu Hamburg.

oimba Young pa dzanja chinali chifukwa chakuti ndodo ambiri Hamburg zofunika magulu Chingelezi, ndipo magulu angapo ku Liverpool bwino kutsimikiziridwa. M'chaka cha 1960, Beatles analandira kapepala kupita ku Hamburg. Ichi chinali ntchito kwambiri, kotero anai anali mwachangu kuyang'ana drummer a. Choncho gulu anaonekera Pete Best.

Makonsatiwo woyamba zinachitika pa tsiku lotsatira kufika. Miyezi ingapo gulu amanoledwa luso lawo mu makalabu a Hamburg. Iwo anali ndi nthawi yaitali kuimba nyimbo ya m'njira zosiyana ndi Mitundu - thanthwe 'n' mpukutu maganizo, kayimbidwe kotani ndi maganizo, soda ndi kuyimba wowerengeka nyimbo. Tikhoza kunena kuti zinthu zambiri kuyamika luso limene tingaphunzire mu Hamburg ndi anatenga gulu "The Beatles." Wambiri timu anakumana m'bandakucha ake.

Mu zaka ziwiri basi Beatles ku Hamburg anapereka za 800 zoimbaimba ndipo Tidakukwezerani luso mlingo ku aang'ono kwa akatswiri. "The Beatles" ndiribe anachita nyimbo zawo, akupanga pa nyimbo za asangalatsi otchuka.

Mu Hamburg, gulu anakumana ndi ophunzira m'dera zojambulajambula pakoleji. Mmodzi wa ophunzirawo, Astrid Kircher, anayamba chibwenzi Sutcliffe ndi kutenga nawo mbali pa moyo wa gulu. Mtsikana ameneyu anapereka anyamata ndi hairstyle watsopano - wapanga pa mphumi pake ndi makutu, tsitsi, ndipo zamphepo kenako zochepa popanda lapels ndi makolala.

Tikaonanso Liverpool, Mabitolozi kunalibe okonda yaitali, anakhala anthu ambiri magulu otchuka. Zinali ndiye kuti ankakumana ndi Ringo Starr, drummer odana timu.

Nditabwerera ku Hamburg unachitikira woyamba akatswiri kujambula gulu. Oimba limodzi thanthwe 'n' woimba mpukutu Tony Sheridan. Ndi anai analemba angapo nyimbo zake. Pa nthawi iyi, dzina anali kugunda Abale ( "Kumenya Abale"), mmalo mwa "Beatles The".

Wambiri lalifupi Sutcliffe anapitiriza kuchoka ku gulu. Akamaliza ulendo, anakana kubwerera ku Liverpool ndi n'kumaonera ndi bwenzi lake mu Hamburg. Patapita chaka Sutcliffe anamwalira ndi kukha mwazi muubongo.

Bwino choyamba (1962-1963)

Gulu anabwerera ku England ndipo anayamba kuchita mu zibonga Liverpool. July 27, 1961, yoyamba konsati mu holo, yemwe anali kupambana lalikulu. Mu November, gulu anaonekera Manager - Brayan Epshteyn.

Iye anakomana ndi George Martin, sewerolo wa chizindikiro chachikulu, amene anasonyeza chidwi kuimba. Demos, iye sanali wokhutitsidwa ndithu, koma achinyamata a moyo wake Chezetsedwa. Mgwirizanowo woyamba anasaina.

Komabe, sewerolo ndipo bwana wa gulu la anali osakhutira ndi Pete Best. Iwo anakhulupirira kuti iye sanali ndithu mogwirizana ndi mlingo ambiri Komanso ndi woimba anakana kuchita kuwasindikiza tsitsi kukhalabe kalembedwe wonse wa timu, ndi zambiri zosemphana ndi ophunzira ena. Ngakhale kuti Best anali wotchuka ndi mafani anaganiza m'malo. Drummer Ringo Starr anatenga.

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, panali drummer, ndi gulu olembedwa mwini ndalama zofufuzafufuza mbiri yawo ku Hamburg. Kuyenda kuzungulira mzindawo, anyamatawo anakumana Ringo (Pete Best sanali nawo), ndipo anapita kwa mmodzi wa msewu-situdiyo kulemba ochepa nyimbo pofuna kungosangalala.

Mu September 1962 gulu olembedwa woyamba umodzi awo - Sandikonda Kodi, amene anakhala wotchuka kwambiri. A udindo waukulu apa tasewera njomba ndi bwana - Epstein ndalama zawo anagula timva zikwi khumi kuposa kuchuluka malonda ndi anakopeka chidwi.

Mu October, woyamba TV ntchito - ukufalitsidwa konsati ku Manchester. Posachedwapa, umodzi chachiwiri analembedwa Chonde Kukondweretsa Ine, ndipo mu February 1963 Album kudziletsa lotchedwa chinalembedwa mu maola 13, zimene zinaphatikizapo Mabaibulo chikuto cha nyimbo zotchuka ndipo nyimbo zake. Mu November chaka chomwecho tinayamba kugulitsa Album wachiwiri, ndi Beatles.

Anayamba nthawi ya kutchuka lalikulu limene wopyoza gulu la "The Beatles." Wambiri, mwachidule mbiri ya gulu novice, zinatha. Umayamba nkhani ya gulu lodziwika bwino.

Tsiku lakubadwa akuti "Beatlemania" imatengedwa kuti October 13, 1963 mu London, pa Palladium Hall, konsati gulu, yemwe ukufalitsidwa kwa dziko lonse. Koma zikwi mafani amakonda azungulila kuholo ya konsati kuyembekeza kuona oimba. Beatles anali kuyenda kwa galimoto mothandizidwa ndi apolisi.

Kutalika kwa "Beatlemania" (1963-1964)

Mu Britain, ndi anai anali kutchuka kwambiri, koma America osakwatira gulu sanali anamasulidwa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri timu English analibe bwino kwambiri. bwana anazindikira mgwirizano ndi kampani yaing'ono, koma mbale anali zosapenyeka.

Kodi izo zinafika pa wamkulu siteji American gulu "The Beatles"? Wambiri (lalifupi) akuuza timu izi zonse zinasintha pamene odziwika bwino nyimbo wotsutsa nyuzipepala anamvetsera kwa osakwatira Ndikufuna dzanja lanu, kale wotchuka kwambiri mu England, ndi oimba amatchedwa "analemba wamkulu pambuyo Beethoven." Mwezi wotsatira, gulu anali pamwamba zotchuka.

"Beatlemania" analowa pa nyanja. M'nthawi ya gulu ulendo America masauzande ochepa oimba mafani anakumana pabwalo la ndege. "The Beatles" anapatsidwa 3 zoimbaimba chachikulu ndi kuchita pa TV. Iwo adalikumzonda lonse la America.

Mu March 1964 anai anayamba kulenga Album latsopano, Night Wobvuta Tsiku ndi eponymous nyimbo filimu. Ndipo anaonekera mwezi uno ndi umodzi simungathe kugula Ine Chikondi / Inu simungakhoze kuchita izo atchuke dziko kwa ntchito zapamwamba kwambiri.

August 19, 1964 anavula zonse ulendo North America. Gulu anapereka konsati 31 m'mizinda 24. Iwo poyamba anali woti tichezere mizinda 23, koma mwiniwake wa mpira wamiyendo ku oimba Casas City anapereka madola 150 zikwi kwa theka la ora konsati (zambiri gulu loyimba analandira 25-30 zikwi).

Tours ndinavutika kwa oimba. Ngati iwo anali m'ndende, olekanitsidwa dziko lakunja. Malo Beatles anakhala, anazinga ndi magulu a mafani padziko koloko, ndi kuyembekeza kuona mafano.

maholo Concert zinali zazikulu kwambiri, otsika kwambiri zida. Oimba samva mzake, ndipo ngakhale iwo okha, kaŵirikaŵiri pansi, koma omvera sanazimve izo ndi pafupifupi sanaone chirichonse, siteji kuti bwinobwino kukhazikitsa kutali kwambiri. Ine ndinali kuchita pulogalamu bwino, kapena amene improvisation ndi zatsopano powonekera akhoza kukhala.

Dzulo anataya ndi kujambula (1964-1965)

Nditabwerera ku London, ntchito inayambika Album Beatles Pakuti Sale, imene inali yobwereka ndi mwini nyimbo. sabata A pambuyo buku iye anasangalala pamwamba zotchuka.

Mu July 1965 iwo anamasulidwa filimu wachiwiri Thandizo! Ndipo mu August, Album a dzina lomweli. Ndi Album uyu anakhala wotchuka nyimbo ya gulu Dzulo, amene wakhala tingachipeze powerenga nyimbo otchuka. Today pali kutanthauzira zoposa zikwi ziwiri zopangira msanganizo umenewu.

Mlembi wa nyimbo yotchuka anali Pol Makkartni. Iye nyimbo kumayambiriro a chaka, mawu anabwera mochedwa. zikuchokera A iye wotchedwa Scrambled mazira, kuyambira mukuzilemba izo, kuimba Scrambled dzira, ndimkonda dzira scrambled ... ( "mazira Scrambled, monga ndimakukondani mazira scrambled"). Wolembedwa nyimbo anali limodzi ndi chingwe anai ku gulu pa nthawi yomweyo anali chabe Paulo.

Mu American ulendo wachiwiri, yomwe inayamba mu August, chinthu chimene likusautsabe okonda nyimbo padziko lonse. Kodi anapanga gulu "The Beatles"? Wambiri mwachidule akulongosola oimba anapita mlendo Elvis Presley. Nyenyezi osati analankhula, komanso ankaimba nyimbo ochepa, amene analembedwa pa tepi.

Kujambula sizinachitikepo lofalitsidwa ndi kukhazikitsa kuli awo sakanakhoza kukhala wothandizira a nyimbo padziko lonse. Mtengo wa zochitika n'zosatheka amanena lero.

Directions watsopano (1965-1966)

Mu 1965, pa siteji linafika kwambiri za magulu amene kupikisana ndi "Beatles The". gulu anayamba kulenga Album latsopano Mphira Soul. Chimbale Ichi chinali nyengo yatsopano ku thanthwe nyimbo. Nyimbo anayamba kuoneka zinthu za surrealism ndi zongoganiza, "The Beatles" kuti pali gulu.

Wambiri (lalifupi) limatiuza kuti pa nthawi yomweyo padziko oimba anayamba uka zoipa. Mu July 1966, gulu anasiya phwando boma, chimene chinapangitsa nkhondo ndi Lady Choyamba. Anakwiya ndi mfundo imeneyi ndi anzake a ku Philippine pafupifupi anathyola oimba, iwo ankayenera kuti kwenikweni Maliro. Ulendo woyang'anira anamenyedwa koopsa anai anakankhira ndi pafupifupi kukankhira kunja kwa ndege.

The chachiwiri yaikulu yochititsa manyazi chinayamba pamene Dzhon Lennon atamufunsa ananena kuti Chikhristu akufa, ndi Beatles wotchuka kwambiri kuposa Yesu. Malinga ndi United States kusesa Zionetsero, magulu anatentha mbale. Mtsogoleri wa timu opanikizika anapepesa kwa mawu ake.

Ngakhale mavuto, mu 1966 anabwera Album mfuti, mmodzi wa Albums zabwino wa gululo. Mbali kanukanu ndi kuti nyimbo zimenezi zinali zovuta ndipo sankayembekezera moyo ntchito. Tsopano, "The Beatles" anali situdiyo gulu. Wotopa ndi ndikuyendera, gulu anakana ntchito konsati. Mu chaka chomwecho panali nyimbo yomaliza. Music otsutsa otchedwa Album ndi wanzeru ndipo sankakayikira kuti anai sadzatha kulenga chinthu changwiro chomwecho.

Komabe, limodzi Strawberry M'minda Kosatha / Penny Lane chinalembedwa mu oyambirira 1967. Kujambulitsa nkhani imeneyi inatenga masiku 129 (poyerekeza ndi 13 maola kujambula ya chimbale choyamba), situdiyo wagwira ntchito kwenikweni padziko koloko. The umodzi inali yovuta kwambiri kuimba ndipo anali ndi kupambana loti, anali pamwamba pa matchati masabata 88.

White Album (1967-1968)

Mu 1967, ntchito ya "Beatles The" anali ukufalitsidwa kwa dziko lonse. Iye adakwanisa kuona anthu 400 miliyoni. Ndipo linalembedwa TV buku la nyimbo onse mukufunika ndi chikondi. Zitatha izi kupambana malonda timu analowa pansi. Cha ntchito imeneyi, ndiponso imfa ya "Mabitolo chachisanu", woyang'anira gulu Brian Epstein, chifukwa cha ambiri osokoneza wa ogonetsa. Iye anali Epstein 32. yekha anali membala zofunika za gulu "The Beatles". Wambiri ya gulu atamwalira, lasintha lalikulu.

Gulu loyamba analandira choyamba maganizo olakwika ponena za latsopano filimu zamatsenga Chinsinsi ulendo. Ambiri amanena chifukwa cha chakuti tepi adzamasulidwa yekha mu mtundu, pamene anthu ambiri anali yekha wakuda ndi woyera mawailesi akanema. nyimbo The adzamasulidwa ku mawonekedwe a mini-Album.

Mu 1968, kuti amasule Albums, Apple anayankha, kotero ananena gulu "The Beatles", yonena anapitiriza. Mu January 1969 atamasulidwa zojambula «Yellow sitima zapamadzi» ndi nyimbo kwa izo. Mu August - ndi umodzi Hei Yuda, mmodzi wopambana mu mbiri ya gulu. A analowa Album lodziwika Beatles, imadziwika ndi White Album mu 1968. Iye chinatchedwa choncho chifukwa chivundikiro wake anali moyera-, ndi kusindikiza yosavuta udindo. Fans anatenga bwino, koma ofufuza osati anasangalala.

Chimbale Ichi chinali chiyambi cha kutha kwa gulu la. Ringo Starr anasiya gulu kwa kanthawi, pang'ono nyimbo analembedwa popanda izo. McCartney ankaimba ng'oma. Harrison anali otanganidwa payekha ntchito. zinthu zinkaipiraipira chifukwa cha mkazi wa John Lennon, Yoko Ono, amene analipo situdiyo zonse ndipo kuti anakwiyitsa gululi.

Azingokhala (1969-1970)

Kumayambiriro 1969, oyimba nazo zochuluka za mapulani. Iwo anali akupita kumasula ndi album, filimu kuwauza za situdiyo ntchito yawo, ndipo bukhu. Pol Makkartni analemba nyimbo Pezani Back ( "Bwererani"), amene anapereka dzina polojekiti lonse. "Beatles" gulu yonena kuti akuyamba kotero amangotchula, kuyandikira azingokhala.

Mamembala gulu anafuna kusonyeza zinkakhalira kusangalala ndi informality kuti anapambana pa zisudzo ku Hamburg, koma sizinagwire ntchito. Lidalembedwa kwambiri nyimbo, koma isanu yokha anasankhidwa, anajambula kwambiri za kanema. mbiri Last amayenera kuwombera impromptu konsati pa denga la kujambula situdiyo. Iye ankafunika apolisi, amene anapangitsa m'deralo. konsati Ichi chinali ntchito otsiriza a gululo.

February 3, 1969 mu timu ali woyang'anira latsopano, Allen Klein. McCartney anali mwamphamvu, chifukwa ndinkaganiza kuti phungu bwino ntchito imeneyi zidzakhala bambo ake m'tsogolo, Dzhon Istmen. Paulo anayamba Kuthi milandu mamembala ena a gulu. Choncho, gulu "The Beatles" amene yonena akufotokozedwa m'nkhani ino, anayamba kuvutika koopsa.

Ntchito pa polojekiti wofuna anamuthawa, koma gulu akadali anamasulidwa Abbey Road album, zimene zinaphatikizapo zikuchokera wanzeru ndi George Harrison Chinachake. Woimba kwa nthawi yaitali ntchito pa izo, okhudza 40 yomalizidwa Mabaibulo. Nyimbo kuvala ndime ndi Dzulo.

January 8, 1970 anamasulidwa Album womaliza Izo Zikhale, kukonzedwa American sewerolo Filom Spektorom zinthu analephera ntchito Pezani Back. May 20 anamasulidwa ndi zopelekedwa filimu za m'gululo, limene nthawi ya kuyamba kale anakomoka. Choncho anathetsa "Beatles" mbiri. Mu Russian mutu wa filimuyo zikumveka ngati "zikhale chomwecho."

Pambuyo kugwa lapansi. Dzhon Lennon

Nthawi ya "Beatles The". Wambiri gulu akupitiriza ntchito payekha. Pa nthawi ya kugwa kwa gulu, anthu onse anayamba ntchito paokha. Mu 1968, zaka ziwiri kugwa, ndi Dzhon Lennon anapereka limodzi ndi mkazi Yoko Ono Album wake. Ndipo linalembedwa mu usiku ndi pa nthawi yomweyo liribe music, ndipo anapereka phokoso osiyana, mapokoso, kukuwa. Pa chikuto cha mkazi wake anaonekera mu wamaliseche. Mu 1969 akutsatiridwa ndi mbale awiri a ndondomeko yomweyo, ndi moyo kujambula. Kuyambira TH 70 75 TH chaka 4 nyimbo Albums anamasulidwa. Pambuyo woimba kwalekeka kuonekera poyera, kuthera yekha kulera mwana wake.

Mu 1980, Lennon linaperekedwa Album otsiriza kawiri Zongoganizira, limene bwino analandira otsutsa. A masabata angapo atamasulidwa Album ndi, December 8, 1980, Dzhon Lennon anaphedwa ndi Mark David Chapman akatemera ochepa kumbuyo. Mu 1984 ndinaona amasulidwe Mkaka ndi Uchi woimba Album posthumous.

Pambuyo kugwa lapansi. Pol Makkartni

Pambuyo McCartney anasiya "Beatles", ndi yonena za woimba anapeza zitasinthidwa latsopano. Kuswa ndi gulu la kwambiri akhudzidwa McCartney. Poyamba, anapuma ku famu ya kutali, kumene anakumana maganizo, koma mu March 1970 anabwerera mfundo Album payekha, McCartney, ndipo pasanapite nthawi anamasulidwa, ndipo chachiwiri - Ram.

Komabe, popanda gulu Paulo anamvera osatetezeka. Adakonza Mapiko timu amayi, abambo ake Linda. gulu analipo mpaka 1980 ndipo anamasulidwa Albums 7. Monga mbali ya ntchito yake payekha, ndi woimba ali anamasulidwa Albums 19, otsiriza amene anadza 2013.

Pambuyo kugwa lapansi. Dzhordzh Harrison

Dzhordzh Harrison pamaso kugwa kwa "Beatles" anamasulidwa 2 payekha Albums - Wonderwall Music mu 1968, ndipo Intaneti Sound mu 1969 mbale Awa anali experimental ndi bwino pang'ono. Album chachitatu, zinthu zonse ziyenera Pitani, muli nyimbo zolembedwa pa "Beatles" nthawi ndi kukanidwa ndi anthu ena a m'gululo. Izi bwino kwambiri payekha Album a woimba wa.

Mu ntchito yonse payekha, pambuyo Harrison anasiya "Beatles", ndi yonena za woimba wa linatukuka kwa Albums 12 ndi 20 osakwatira. Iye anali wakhama mu chikondi ndi wapanga chopereka kwambiri kuti Kukwezeleza Indian nyimbo natenga Chihindu. Harrison anamwalira mu 2001, pa November 29.

Pambuyo kugwa lapansi. Ringo Starr

Ringo a Album payekha, ntchito imene iye anayamba kubwerera mu "Beatles" linatuluka mu 1970, koma anakuvoterani kulephera. Komabe, patapita anatulutsa Albums bwino kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha mgwirizano ndi George Harrison. Total woimba ali anamasulidwa 18 situdiyo Albums ndi nyimbo zingapo moyo ndi Zotsatira. Album lomaliza limene linatuluka mu 2015.