Suzdal, Pokrovsky ansembe yotchedwa: history, maonekedwe, chidwi mfundo

Kupitirira malire a dziko lathu anatchuka chifukwa malo ake mbiri wakale Russian mzinda wa Suzdal. Aliyense chipilala, yomwe ili pamtunda, popanda kukokomeza adzatchedwa mwaluso osati la Russia komanso dziko la zomangamanga.

Lero tikufuna akukupemphani pa ulendo pafupifupi kwa Suzdal. Pokrovsky ansembe yotchedwa ndi chidwi kwambiri kwa alendo, choncho ife kukaona obisika.

malo

obisika ili pa magombe a kwabasi Kamenka Mtsinje, limene likutengera madzi ake pamodzi Suzdal. White nyumba, yomwe ili pa dambo, ndi Ufumuyo ansembe ena zonama, lowoneka maganizo. Ndipo ndithu Kamenka - mtsinjewo wokongola kwambiri, makamaka June, pamene yokutidwa ndi maluwa maluwa madzi. Ife kudziwitsa anthu onse amene mukufuna kukaona Pokrovsky ansembe yotchedwa (Suzdal) Akatolika adiresi: up. Chitetezero, 76.

Mbiri ya agulupa ya

Makoma a chipinda chino wakale akugwirizira zinsinsi zambiri ndipo mfundo zosangalatsa, amene adakali chidwi chachikulu pakati pa olemba mbiri ndi ofufuza. chakuti Pokrovsky obisika sanali kukhala m'njira mwachizolowezi mawu: izo kutumikira moyo kugwirizana akazi a kalasi chapamwamba. Nthawi zambiri iwo anathamangitsa pano machimo ena manda, koma chifukwa munthu anali kuchotsa iwo. Kukakamizidwa avirigo whiled kutali zotsalira za moyo wawo maselo nkhuni, zotsatira zawo linasindikizidwa, kotero agulupa anali crypt mobisa, kumene anamaliza moyo wake wapadziko Kalanga.

Amakhulupirira kuti maonekedwe awo Woyera Virgin ansembe yotchedwa (Suzdal) chofunika chozizwitsa. Monga nthano zakale, Prince Andrew K. anabwerera kwawo ku Nizhny Novgorod, pamene mphepo mphamvu kuposa kale lonse. Prince analumbira kuti ngati safa, ndiye mangani mu kwawo kumene kumakhala Amonke komweko. Izo ziyenera amaganiza kuti ulendo anamaliza bwino monga 1364 anayamba kumanga Kupemphera ansembe yotchedwa (Suzdal) mu dzenje banki ya Kamenka Mtsinje. Mbiri ya agulupa ndi kuchita masamu ndi 1364.

Pachimake St. Pokrovsky ansembe yotchedwa (Suzdal) anafika pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Vasily III. Iye anapereka obisika m'chiyambi cha XVI atumwi, ndalama yaikulu ndalama kuti akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito yomanga zilipo Woyera Gates ndi St. Basil Cathedral, osati mipanda kuteteza maselo.

sisitere chachinsinsi

Munthu woyamba chidwi akaidi wamkazi obisika anakwatiwa ndi Vasily III Solomonia Saburova - Grand Duchess. Mu 1525 Vasily III amawanena mkazi wake, amene anakhalako zaka makumi awiri osabereka. Iye akhaapatisa malumbiro ake monga mviligo adatuma Pokrovsky obisika. Masiku amenewo, chilekano zinali zisanachitikepo, ndi kupeza kuchokera akuluakulu amatchalitchiwo chilolezo ukwati wina, Vasily III allocates ndalama yaikulu chitukuko cha obisika a.

Komabe, pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika kuti Basil III atamunamizira osabereka akhala pachabe. Zinali miyezi ingapo malonjezo, ndi Solomo anali ndi mwana, koma chifukwa cha kuopa machenjerero a mkazi wa mwamuna Eleny Glinskoy (mtsogolo mayi wa Ivan m'khutu), iye anakakamizika kuti afotokoze imfa kalonga.

Pali chiphunzitso chimene Solomo anatuma mwana Crimea Khan amene anadzakhala zinathandiza kwambiri mbiri, anakhala wotchuka ngati mbala Kudeyar. Pambuyo lonjezo la Solomonia Sofia analandira dzina la mpingo canonized monga St. pambuyo pa imfa ya Sofiya Suzdalskaya. Kenako zinaoneka ngati woyang'anira wa Suzdal.

Mbiri wotsatira wa agulupa ya

Mu 1551, pamene mwana wazaka anafa Ivana Groznogo, mpingo CHAKUBADWA anali kachiwiri inamangidwa ndi cholinga chake, chimene m'malo dilapidated ndi nthawi matabwa kapangidwe (XIV m'ma). Apse Chidawonjezeka kwambiri kenako (XVII atumwi.). Pa nthawi yomweyo mu obisika panali kanyumba ndipo anapitiriza kumanga mpanda, lomwe linayamba m'ma XVI.

Suzdal, Pokrovsky ansembe yotchedwa mu XX atumwi

Monga ambiri a malo olambiriramo Russia, agulupa chinatsekedwa ndipo anagonjetsa mu 1923. Popeza 1933, panali kwachilengedwenso nkhondo choyezera, Bureau of Special Cholinga GPU - bungwe limene akaidi ntchito. Awa anali odziwa akatswiri a ukatswiri osiyana. Onsewo zikugwira chitukuko cha zida zotere. Mu 1935, akaidi B. Ya. Elbert ndi Na Gai analenga pano katemera motsutsana tularemia. Laboratory ntchito pa obisika mpaka 1936.

Mu zaka zao za sikisite Mu zaka zapitazo mu nyumba kumene kumakhala Amonke kunachitika ntchito yobwezeretsa, ndipo kenako iwo anali owonetsera zakale zisudzo. Mu Mipingo malemu ili alendo zovuta, chomwe chinali odyera ndi bala, mu Cathedral zazikulu za Kupemphera anali konsati holo. Pali ngakhale anaonekera hotelo alendo, koma ife tinena pambuyo pake.

Mu nineties pa, kusintha zikuchitika mu dziko, zinakhudza mzinda wa Suzdal. Pokrovsky obisika mu 1992, anali anabwerera ku mpingo yakhala nakhalanso ndi mphamvu kumene kumakhala Amonke moyo. Lero ndi chamoyo obisika. Iye amakhala pa tchalitchi, outbuildings, kumanga almshouses, kanyumba-maselo.

zomangamanga

The nyumba woyamba wa agulupa anali matabwa. Lero tikuona nyumba posachedwapa, zomwe akatswiri amanena kuti m'zaka XVI. White mwala makoma, zomangamanga zodabwitsa kuti Chili ndi zaka Russian ndi Western zinthu woyengeka zokongoletsa.

Koma, ndithudi, chipilala chachikulu cha gulu loyimba chosangalatsachi ndi Pokrovsky Cathedral Pokrovsky obisika mu Suzdal. Linamangidwa mu 1518 pa malo a mpingo matabwa. Mwatsoka, mayina a ambuye sanali anali mu mbiriyakale. Izi yaikulu zinayi chipilala dongosolo ndi mkulu m'munsi ndi atazunguliridwa ndi awiri-storey lotseguka zomera kumbali zitatu, amene ali yokutidwa masitepe awiri.

Ku mtsinje kunyumbayi adjoins malo opatulika ndi mazenera mkulu ili zamkati kwambiri. Apse anapambulwa mizati yosalala ndi decorates cornice chosema finely wokonzedwa. Iwo abwerezedwa kamangidwe ka ng'oma kuwala, amaveka korona chimphika zisoti. Mpanda tchalitchi, ogaŵikana masamba atatu. Iwo anamaliza zakomars muyezo.

Mkati mwa tchalitchi ndi okhwima ndithu: pa makoma woyera alibe chithunzi chikhalidwe, wakuda tiled mbewu. Ulemerero waukulu mkati nthawizonse zakhala zithunzi zokongola ndi kudzikondweretsa luso nsalu. Ena mwa zinthu zimenezi masiku ano mu m'nyumbayi wa agulupa lapansi. Cathedral anamangidwanso kambiri mbiri yake yaitali, koma chikuoneka choyambirira anabwezeretsedwa mu 1962.

mfundo zosangalatsa

1. The tchalitchi anakhala m'manda kwa avirigo ambiri chidwi obisika a.
2. Obisika ndipo mpingo pa mwambo wa tercentenary wa Romanov mafumu anapita Nikolai II.
3. M'chaka cha 1994 bishopu wamkulu wa Suzdal ndi Vladimirskiy Evlogy opatulitsidwa wa Cathedral wa Kupemphera kwa Virgin. Patapita zaka zingapo, atsopano The zinayi iconostasis anakhazikitsidwa pano, amene chokongoletsedwa ndi mafano, amene analemba avirigo.

belfry

Kapangidwe mwansanga kuona aliyense wobwera Suzdal. Pokrovsky obisika ali wokongola kwambiri belu nsanja. Iwo kumpoto chakumadzulo a tchalitchi. mbali m'munsi ndi stolpoobraznaya mpingo inamangidwa mu 1515. Zinali octagonal, aposa ndi chimphika a. Mu theka lachiwiri la XVII m'zaka za mpingo linamangidwa pa gawo arched, lomwe linali ndi ataima pafupi ndi mpanda, ndipo hema mkulu, chokongoletsedwa ndi mizere itatu ya dormer mazenera mu chimango cha.

Zochitikazo zomera yolumikiza belu nsanja ndi tchalitchi, yodziwika ndi zokongoletsa woyengedwa: awiri choyambirira archways ennobled rustication ndi mazenera lathuli ndi casings kaso anagawa rusticated pilasters.

zipata woyera

chipilala wina wakale wa agulupa ya ndinu Woyera Chipata ndipo Chipata Church. nyumba izi zikugwirizananso ndi 1515. Gates ndi wapadera woyamba wa zonse, mwa ntchito zawo: iwo anali onse mpingo ndi wamphamvu linga nsanja.

mpingo Treglavaya lili pamwamba pa quadrangle, amene kudula ndi mipata awiri arched, ndipo zikuchokera akukhudzidwira ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi maphunziro a Pokrovsky Cathedral. Pa mphambano za mpingo pali tiwiri tchalitchi, amene korona kuwala ng'oma chisoti-domes, ndi chapakati, unyinji wochuluka ng'oma ndi mazenera yopapatiza amadalira tiers awiri zakomar.

Mpanda wa kunja ali chokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsa chipangizo chokhala woodcarving. Chipata Mpingo, nawonso, mobwerezabwereza kumangidwanso, koma mu 1958 pa ntchito yobwezeretsa ntchito pa polojekiti AD Varganova, anabwerera maonekedwe choyambirira cha chipilala wapadera.

Trapeznaya Pokrovsky kunyumba (Suzdal)

Nyumba iyi inali kumpoto kwa Pokrovsky Cathedral, ali ndi zambiri zofanana ndi Poland kuposa ndi zomangamanga Russian. Linamangidwa mu 1551. Ndi mawonekedwe okhwima ziwiri nkhani nyumba pafupi chodyera mwakwera CHAKUBADWA mpingo, umene tingaone ndi chimphika yaing'ono. anawasema chachikulu refectory holo, yomwe ili pa nsanjika yachiwiri, kuthandiza chipilala, ataima pakati.

Pansi anali allocated kuti malo malonda. Chokongoletsera okha a nyumba iyi angatchedwe chokongoletsera mu mawonekedwe a lozenges wa njerwa zofiira, envelopu kuzungulira nyumbayi wozungulira. Kumadzulo pali hexagonal belfry.

Refectory mu Pokrovsky ansembe yotchedwa (Suzdal) ntchito kukhala ndi outbuildings angapo. Single-storey kanyumba, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito kuphika, anamangidwira m'zaka XVII. Lero wabwezeretsedwa ndipo ndi chitsanzo osowa a zomangamanga kumene kumakhala Amonke.

malemba kanyumba

Kum'mwera kwa obisika kwa lili chipilala cha Russian zomangamanga yapachiweniweni - Malemba kanyumba. Interiors kuyambira cha m'ma XVIII, anabwezeretsedwa mu 1970. M'phanga la nyumbayi ndi otchedwa mwala thumba. Bukuli wandende komweko.

mpanda

Mpanda choyamba cha mwala obisika inamangidwa kumbuyo m'zaka XVI, ndipo patapita anali ankamangidwanso kangapo, ndipo mu XX m'ma AD Varganov izo limzake. chiwembu ndi mpanda akale ndi chihema nsanja, wopanda wa ulemerero, adzaupereka kwa atumwi XVII. Iwo lili kumpoto kwa gawo ndi ndipamene yaing'ono khonde payekha. Tower (XVIII atumwi), chokongoletsedwa ndi domes hemispherical, kwambiri kwabasi. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti mwina pachiyambi Iwo analinso ndi canopied.

Hotel "Kupemphera"

Russian ndi achilendo alendo amasirira Suzdal wakale. Pokrovsky ansembe yotchedwa m'gulu pulogalamu pafupifupi onse maulendo. apaulendo ambiri amadabwa kuti pakhomo ansembe ndi iwo kuona nyumba bwino matabwa.

Chinthu ndi kuti mgugu nthawi ya perestroika mu obisika imene inali hotelo "Kupemphera" ndi kanyumba stylized. Iwo ankakonda kusiya alendo yachilendo. Mu 2008 hotelo unatha ntchito zake, ndipo eni anapereka nyumba obisika. Tsopano apa pali ana amasiye kwa atsikana komanso maselo kumene kumakhala Amonke.