Species ndi mitundu ya barberry

Barberry - ndi spiny osatha chitsamba chilichonse wa banja Berberidaceae, lomwe lili zipatso ndi zipatso ofiira owala. Izo wakula monga mankhwala, kukongoletsa ndi uchi zomera. The zipatso za mbewu (zina mitundu) ntchito yokonza caramel, zakudya, madzi, sachedwa chifukwa ndi condiments.

Kufotokozera za zomera

M'mikhalidwe zachilengedwe, kumachitika zambiri mu kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Pafupifupi tchire amakula mamita awiri. Chitsamba ali ndi losavuta masamba imodzi mphukira zaminga. Fruiting mbewu akuyamba ku chaka chachitatu mutabzala. M'tchire wina anasonkhana kwa makilogalamu 10 zipatso. Zomera amadziwika katundu ochuluka opindulitsa zipatso zambiri vitamini C, ali masamba asidi malic, mavitamini C ndi E. Mbeu kupereka mafuta. The mizu ndi khungwa ntchito monga utoto wachikasu.

Barberry: mitundu ndi mitundu

Mu chikhalidwe, pali mazana asanu mitundu zitsamba - deciduous ndi yobiriwira toyesa. Makumi asanu a iwo nakulitsa m'mayiko ambiri. Mu dziko lathu, barberry ntchito ya kapangidwe malo. mitundu edible ndi mitundu iwiri - wamba ndi Amur.

berberis vulgaris

Zitsamba wa mtundu amakula mamita 2.5. Iwo mphukira prickly, mdima chikasu, amene tsinde mu madera osiyana, musayambe Arc. masamba utoto mu mdima mtundu wobiriwira, mbali m'munsi ndi imvi. Zomera pachimake mu May ndi June. Inflorescences ndi kuŵeramitsa, racemes, onunkhira burashi chikasu mitundu.

Barberry zipatso yophukira ichi, oblong, zipatso wokongola kwambiri kuti ndi wowawasa kukoma. kukula - 1.2 masentimita Chifukwa chakuti zipatso kwa nthawi yaitali sanagwe pa tchire kwa nthawi yaitali kusunga kukongoletsa .. Common barberry - chisanu ndi mbewu chilala zosagwira, amene amalola mpweya.

Izi mitundu ayenera anabzala pa malo bwino anayatsa, koma akhoza kukula bwino mu mthunzi tsankho. nthaka aliyense, koma ndi bwino olemera mu kuwala ndipo sanali acidic dothi la mtundu wa barberry. Kalasi chithunzi cha mtundu wake anapereka m'munsimu.

Wotchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu itatu:

• Atropurpuriya - chitsamba chilichonse ndi maluwa chikasu ndi zipatso (edible) yowala mtundu wofiira. masamba utoto mumtundu ofiirira, malinga mmera bwino anayatsa. Zosiyanasiyana kugonjetsedwa ndi kusintha kutentha, ndi kuchulukitsa mbewu si nthawi zonse analandira mthunzi wokongola masamba.
• Albovarigata - Low-kukula mitundu, ndi kukula osapitirira mita mu msinkhu. The masamba ndi mdima wobiriwira ndi chilekano.
• Aureomarginata - zosiyanasiyana wapadera ndi masamba variegated. Mu mthunzi wa mtundu mwamphamvu akhoza kutayika, chikhalidwe cha kuwala zofuna.

Avereji barberry ali yaikulu drawback - m'chilimwe mvula ndipo ozizira zambiri anakhudzidwa zomera mafangasi matenda: powdery cinoni, dzimbiri, etc. Mu kamangidwe malo ntchito angapo ndi umodzi mbewu kulenga mipanda ..

Amur barberry

Izi ndi lalikulu zosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Amur barberry m'mikhalidwe yabwino akula mamita atatu ndi hafu. Tchire ambiri kufalitsa korona ndi lalikulu masamba (mpaka masentimita 8 m'litali). Izo mwa chaka kangapo anasintha mtundu: emarodi wobiriwira ku kasupe, kugwa - yowala chikasu kapena wofiira.

Zipatso mtundu uwu kugwa. Pa tchire kuoneka ofiira owala ndi chonyezimira zipatso oblong ndi awiri a centimeter wina. Amur barberry kugonjetsedwa mufuna Fusarium ndi dzimbiri. Nthawi ntchito kulima amoyo, ndi mipanda ndithu mkulu. The mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya mitundu ndi Orpheus, umene ndi yaying'ono, si maluwa chitsamba (osapitirira mita mu msinkhu) ndi japonica, amene amakopeka cottagers yaitali maluwa chikasu mu mawonekedwe a maburashi ndi masamba waukulu.

barberry Canada

Izi strapping ndi patula chitsamba chilichonse kuti akula mamita 2.5 mkulu ndi mamita 1.8 m'mimba mwake. Chomera ali ndi mdima ofiira kapena zofiirira mphukira, masamba ang'ono (pafupifupi atatu masentimita) chowulungika. M'ma May chifukwa limamasula sabata ndi maluwa okongola chikasu.

Fruiting wochuluka zipatso wofiira, kutalika kwa zomwe si upambana 0.9 cm. Zipse zipatso pa mapeto a September. chikondi kuposa zinthu zina dzuwa, shaded mwamsanga wotaya yokongola. Undemanding kuti zikuchokera nthaka, Hardy ndiponso yosavuta kulekerera chilala. The mitundu otchuka - Deklinata, Rederiana, Oksifilla.

Korean barberry

Barberry mitundu ya mtundu uwu anabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Korea. Tchire amakula mamita awiri. masamba utoto mu mtundu wokongola wofiira. maluwa onunkhira ndi pamodzi burashi ndalama khumi. The zipatso ali m'malo ang'onoang'ono, kuzungulira, m'mimba si choposa centimeter wina.

mtundu si kukana mkulu chilala, ndi bwino analekerera lakuthwa yochepa akuponya kutentha mpweya.

Monetchaty barberry

Thermophilic deciduous. zomera Young zambiri amaundana pang'ono ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali pambuyo pake limzake. Tchire ndi korona kufalikira. Mbewu sizikula mamita oposa awiri mu msinkhu. Mphukira okutidwa ndi spikes lalikulu (3 cm). nthambi utoto mtundu mdima wofiira. Ukufalikira barberry mitundu ya mtundu wa maluwa a mtundu yowala chikasu kuchokera mochedwa June mpaka m'ma July.

Fruiting umayamba m'ma September. Chonyezimira owala zipatso wofiira si chachikulu - palibe centimeter kuposa wina awiri. mtundu uwu mwamtheradi sangakhoze kulekerera chinyezi kwambiri - ndi patsogolo mizu madzi vyprevayut niivunda. Phunziro kwa kugonjetsedwa kwa dzimbiri.

Ottawa barberry

Mawonekedwe hybrid ya barberry Atropurpurea anawoloka nayo pamodzi Berberis thunbergii. Tchire amakula mamita awiri. Yodziwika ndi yachilendo wofiirira masamba akutembenukira wofiira m'dzinja. Limamasula mtundu uwu mapeto a May chikasu racemose inflorescence.

Mu chisamaliro cha mtundu uwu wodzichepetsa. Bwino analekerera yozizira popanda pogona. Kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda akuluakulu zitsamba. Mbewu yokongola mitundu zotsatirazi ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri:

• Purpurea ndi masamba wofiira.
• Superba, ndi mdima wofiira masamba pafupifupi amtundu wina.
• Aurikoma, ndi masamba ofiira owala.
• Silver Mayls ndi masamba mdima yokutidwa ndi chitsanzo siliva.

Siberia barberry

Monga dzina lake likunenera, izi mitundu - mbadwa ya kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo Siberia, ku Middle East ndi Kazakhstan. Small tchire - zosaposa mita mu msinkhu. zaka zisanu zokha kulowa zimakhudza ndi maluwa barberry zosiyanasiyana mitundu.

Maluwa kumayambira m'ma May zimatha masiku khumi. Oblong zipatso wofiira kuonekera mu August. Siberia barberry amatanthauza mitundu ndi avareji yozizira hardiness. Chifukwa ulemerero wake wamng'ono chikhalidwe, makamaka m'dziko lathu, si nthawi ntchito.

Berberis thunbergii: kalasi kufotokoza

mtundu amakhala ndi msinkhu waung'ono. Mu zakutchire izo zikukula mu China ndi Japan. mtundu chimatengedwa ngati kwambiri kukongoletsa. Mphukira mu tchire kuli nthambi, wodzaza. Mmodzi mwa ubwino zosiyanasiyana Berberis thunbergii ndi zosiyanasiyana mitundu. Iwo anabwera bulauni, wofiira, wachikasu.

Zipatso za mitundu ya barberry Thunberg chakudya musadye. Ndipo chifukwa iwo ali poizoni ndi chifukwa iwo ali ndithu kulawa zowawa. Low-kukula zosiyanasiyana Berberis thunbergii musati amakula mita imodzi. The awiri a tchire kufalitsa (mamita sikisi). Young yokutidwa ndi spines nthambi chikasu. Kenako, iwo amakhala red-bulauni kapena zofiirira.

Malinga ndi mtundu kusintha nyengo ndi masamba, imene mitundu ndi yaing'ono (zosakwana 3 cm). M'chaka, iwo utoto wowala wobiriwira, m'dzinja iwo tikhale mfulu amtundu wina mtundu. Ukufalikira mitundu Thunberg kumapeto May, chikasu zofiira masamba. Imabala zipatso mu autumn, zipatso akhoza kusungidwa pa tchire chifukwa yozizira, amene kwambiri timapitiriza makhalidwe awo yokongola.

mtundu uwu ali ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu chidwi kwambiri (50). Pakati pawo:

• Barberry Bonanza Gold nyenyezi yaing'ono mitundu kukopa landscapers kutalika yaing'ono (50 cm) ndi masamba golide-chikasu.
• Golden roketi - losiyana zachilendo columnar mawonekedwe a korona, masamba golide. Zomera zambiri ubwino: zymo-, mphepo ndi chilala, kulolerana mthunzi, acclimatization mofulumira mapangidwe m'tawuni.
• Barberry chikasu mitundu Thunberg Aurea mwachilungamo yaying'ono (kuti 0,8 m). Chifukwa cha kwambiri chikasu mphukira, maluwa ndi masamba kuyang'ana chidwi kwambiri kakwamba gulu molumikizana ndi mitundu ina.
• Atropurpurea - chitsamba chilichonse mpaka mamita chimodzi ndi theka wamtali, ali chibakuwa yofiira masamba, maluwa chikasu ndi Madontho ofiira.
• Bagatelle - tchire laling'ono, palibe masentimita kuposa 40 ndi tayala ozungulira mawonekedwe a korona, masamba bulauni, umene yophukira chowala wofiira .. Zosiyanasiyana si yozizira-Hardy.
• Atropurpurea Nana - nyenyezi yaing'ono cultivar ndi korona anamaliza ndi mosabisa, ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 50 makamaka wokongola pa maluwa pamene yatcheredwa wapawiri-mtundu maluwa chitsamba wofiira ndi wachikasu .. Iwo ati masamba asanu inflorescences.

• Coroniti - wina cultivar nyenyezi yaing'ono ndi korona ozungulira. Masamba a zomera ndi wobiriwira ndi malire chikasu.

Osanenapo mitundu variegated: Harlequin, Kelleris Rose Kuwala, Kornik.

mitundu Yellow

Ngakhale kuti ambiri zipatso barberry utoto wofiira waluntha, pali kuchotserapo. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ndi Ljuta Alba. Ljuta - mtundu Berberis vulgaris. Deciduous chitsamba chilichonse mpaka mamita 2. mphukira mbewu utoto mu wolemera chikasu. M'malo yaitali (masentimita asanu) masamba utoto mu kuwala mtundu wobiriwira ndi wofiira piping. Makumi awiri maluwa pamodzi burashi lapansi. zipatso kucha kutalika za centimeter wotumbululuka chikasu. Za mitundu barberry masamba ndi zimayambira wa yellow ife kale anauza.

Pomaliza, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti mumatsindikanso zosiyanasiyana yabwino ya barberry kuli kovuta. Kusankha inu mbewu zimadalira momwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito (ntchito mu chakudya, malo). Ndiponso, talingalirani nyengo m'dera lanu, chifukwa mitundu yonse amatha kusamutsa yozizira.