Ryazan Kremlin, tchalitchi belu nsanja mumzinda wa Ryazan: kufotokoza, zokopa, mbiri ndi chidwi mfundo

Childs, boma la Russia - ndiko kuchimake kwa mphamvu chikhalidwe chauzimu, malo kumene "kuyamba" wa mzinda, amene amakopeka okhala m'mizinda ndiponso alendo. Ryazan yotero: Ryazan Kremlin - Cathedral belu nsanja - kuoneka malangizo ngakhale pakhomo la mzinda.

nkhani

Kremlin mu Pereyaslavl-Ryazan si mbali wamkulu wa mzinda, ndi zakale, mbali ya asanu wamkulu mu dziko - idamangidwa June 15, 1884. Mkulu pa phiri, kutetezedwa ndi mitsinje mbali zitatu, ili Ryazan Kremlin. Cathedral belu nsanja - ulemerero wake waukulu. Ndi kuteteza, ndi mbali yachinayi anali anakumba dzenje wodzazidwa ndi madzi nthawi chigumula. Pa nthawi ngati zimenezi, kukonza kunapezeka kuti chilumba.

Mofanana ndi mizinda yambiri, Pereyaslavl-Ryazan chinapangidwa osati kutchire. Atsamunda choyamba kuno kumbuyo mu Mesolithic, Asilavo anaonekera mu VI-VII zaka. Chonde ya dziko, malo yaikulu anabereka zingapo midzi. Patapita kanthawi pang'ono, kutseka mzinda, lotchedwa Pereyaslavl-Ryazan.

The citadel woyamba inamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 11. Iye anali kumpoto pang'ono malo masiku Ryazan Kremlin, tchalitchi belu nsanja imene limaonekera kwa apaulendo kutali - tsopano anali pamalowa amangira Mpingo wa Mzimu Woyera. Kremlin akumeneko m'dera pafupifupi awiri mahekitala. M'dera limene lero mpingo, anafuna nsanja kalonga.

Pamodzi ndi kukula kwa mudzi chawonjezeka boma la Russia, m'zaka za m'ma akhumi wotanganidwa lonse la boma la Russia phiri. Anamangapo nsanja latsopano ndi makoma, mu malo amene alibe chitetezo zachilengedwe, linamangidwa ndi kutsinde ndi chemba youma.

Zikuoneka mzindawu akanakhalabe mmodzi mwa anthu ambiri Mofananamo, ngati si chifukwa cha zochitika mu 1236. Basi ndiye panali kampeni akuwononga Batu mumzinda waukulu wa Ryazan ukulu - Ryazan. City ndipo sanathe achire, kotero mu 1285 mpando Episcopal anagwidwa ndendende mu Pereyaslavl-Ryazan. Pofika m'ma 16, chete Pereyaslavl anakhala likulu la ukulu.

Pambuyo kusintha, mzinda anayamba kukula mofulumira. Ryazan Kremlin, mbiri, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo imene pali kuposa zaka kuposa maofesi ena ambiri ofanana, nayenso masinthidwe. M'zaka za m'ma 15 ndi stockade yamalinga, ndiye pafupi naye kugula, Upper ndi wotsika mabusa. Kale kumbuyo kwawo anatambasula ndi kuthetsa ambiri.

Patapita nthawi, mzinda ndi omanga anaitana katswiri zomangamanga, ndi chifukwa kuti anayamba kutuluka nyumba mwala. Khristu Cathedral anali kumanga poyamba anamanga nyumba ya njerwa - ichi ndi kumanga kwambiri wakale wa makono Ryazan Kremlin. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti chancel anapangidwa mu njira woyera mwala zomangamanga ngakhale m'zaka 15. ZOSINTHIDWA zaka wotsatira zasintha maonekedwe a tchalitchi. Iye anali m'malo ndi dzina - poyamba lotchedwa Mfundo.

Kremlin linga makoma azungulira alikibishopu ndi Komiti, Provincial bwalo, ndi Diocesan Office. Iwo coexisted ndi makola, msonkhano Cooper, solodovarnyami, malo, mphero. Mu malo lero ili pa tchalitchi nsanja, kale anali Glebovskaya nsanja moyandikana ndi mzinda ndende, dongosolo la milandu ofufuza, gunsmith.

Ndi zosadabwitsa kuti citadel choyambirira moti ankatha mchitidwe umenewu atatu: Epiphany Amayi, Mpulumutsi wa anthu ndi Dukhovskoy. Komanso, mu gawo anali mipingo naini, masitolo chakudya, mayadi mazana awiri, manda atatu. Kummawa kwa boma la Russia adjoined Shopping Posad, pamene kumbali ya kumadzulo inali mumzinda Usodzi ndi doko malonda. Ili pafupi mitengo ya zipatso - m'chaka, pa maluwa, zinthu zochititsa chidwi mophweka zazikulu!

Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 18. nyumba zikuluzikulu anali wokonzeka. Ali bwino komanso kuti masiku ano: Consistorial nyumba, Epiphany Church, Choral Corps. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba yowonjezera Aepiskopi 'Chambers.

Mu zaka 1684 linamangidwa Cathedral wa Akukwera, chiwerengero cha okhulupirira kuposa mphamvu ya tchalitchi akale. Ndi 1692 nyumbayi inali nditangomaliza, koma mpaka kalekale chinachitika: dongosolo lonse anakomoka. Mu January chaka chamawa kuyamba ntchito watsopano, chifukwa mu mzere chinapezeka Ya. G. Buhvostovym. Ndi 1699 nyumbayi inali itatha.

Ndi nyumba dilapidated pa nthawi. Mpaka m'ma 17 mzindawo unali utazingidwa ndi makoma, koma pambuyo pakati pa zaka zana kufunika malinga osaonekanso, kuyambira kumalire dziko unakula kwambiri.

Mu 1789 anaganiza kukonzanso kwa Ryazan Kremlin: Cathedral belu nsanja m'malo Glebov nsanja. yomanga ake ikuchitika mpaka 1840. Mu ndondomekoyi anatenga anayi nawo mapulani: Voronikhin, Russian, Vorotilov ndi kamvekedwe. N'zosadabwitsa kuti a Mabwana Oyang'anira sanaime kuti kukhala chitsanzo chabwino cha belfry chakale Akumenya mogwirizana. Cathedral belu nsanja, Ryazan Kremlin, mbiri ya chimene chili chifunga nthawi, ayenera kunyadira "ankadziwa" ndi nkhope otchuka kwambiri nthawi zosiyanasiyana.

zowoneka

Cathedral wa Akukwera, Glebovskiy Bridge, mpingo Mzimu Woyera, tchalitchi belu nsanja - Ryazan Kremlin ladzala ndi zowoneka ndi pazipita, kotero zopita ku malo ano adzakhala chidwi kwambiri.

nyumba zonse zili chogwiritsira zokwanira, kotero zambiri mukufuna kupita. Kumbukirani kuti pali akachisi ndipo tsopano Choncho, abwerera chofunika kuvala moyenera.

Cathedral belu nsanja

Cathedral belu nsanja, mbiri ya ntchito yomanga umene uli woyenera ndi nkhani osiyana - kwenikweni zidzasintha komanso yokongola nyumbayi. Yomanga kutalika - mamita 86, pamwamba pa spire anaika mu mamita 25. Kuwerenga mosamala belu nsanja ya alendo amakhala kusintha kuonekera zomangamanga a zaka za zomangamanga ake.

Pomanga gawo loyamba unakhala kuchokera 1789 mpaka 1797. The wamanga wa gawo lino ndi VA Vorotilov. Gawo lachiwiri inamangidwa 1816 - anali mtsogoleri wa JF Russian. Pa mlingo wachitatu, mpaka nsanja ya yamangidwa N. I. Voronihin ntchito Omveka ntchito.

Oddly mokwanira, pakuti onse amene, palibe maganizo jumble stylistic. Kapangidwe ndi organically kwambiri zikugwirizanira gulu loyimba ozungulira. Cathedral belu nsanja - chipilala a zomangamanga, zomwe zimathandiza kuti osiririka ku malo ena chidwi, monga gawo lachitatu okonzeka ndi nsanja kuonera, omwe amapereka malingaliro zidzasintha a boma la Russia, mzinda ndi madera ozungulira.

Glebovskiy mlatho

Pofuna kukhala boma la Russia, m'pofunika kuthetsa chemba. Lero zosavuta kuchita - mlatho, wotchedwa Glebovskiy amatsogolera kudutsa mtsinje wa. Mu mawonekedwe umene masiku ano, izo wakhalapo kuyambira m'ma 18. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, mlatho zikubweretsa boma la Russia, anapangidwa nkhuni.

Mpingo wa kusandulika

Osati kokha belu nsanja ya Cathedral wa Ryazan Kremlin amadziwa lonse dziko - Mpingo wa Chiwalitsiro pa Yar kudziwika chimodzimodzi. Iye anamanga mu 1695. Izi ndi kachisi kaso, kwapatsidwa wapadera mapeto mitolo ya mizati mu mbali zosiyana.

Mpingo wa Mzimu Woyera

Worth kuyendera osati kafiduro belu nsanja ya boma la Russia. Kukawona lembani wokongola chidwi chilichonse item amene woyeneradi bwino. Mwachitsanzo, Mpingo wa Mzimu Woyera anamanga m'mphepete mwa thanthwe pamwamba pa mtsinje Trubezh. Vasily Kharitonov, Zubov ananyamula kumanga 1642. Mwini Soligalich anatha kulenga Mwachitsanzo osowa dvuhshatrovogo kachisi, ndi njoka awiri. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18. mpingo Ufumuyo kwa refectory ndi belfry kukhazikitsanso zinachitikadi mu 1864. A nyumba m'manja mwa laibulale owonetsera zakale lero.

Mpingo wa Epiphany

Chapamwamba Epiphany Church inamangidwa 1647. Inali pakati pa Chiwalitsiro Mpulumutsi ndi Mfundo Cathedral. nthumwi za oyambirira Moscow Baroque ndi zisanu ozungulira kachisi ndi pillarless hipped belu nsanja ndi refectory. M'zaka za m'ma 18 chifanizo cha mpingo wakhala pang'ono kusinthidwa.

kopanda Cathedral

Mlatho yaikulu sangathe gombeli. Kulikonse mu boma la Russia mutha kuona Cathedral. kukula kwake - 1600 mabwalo kutalika -. 72 mamita Mwini kalembedwe Naryshinsky Baroque, momwe nthumwi yaikulu.

nyumbayi ndi miyambo ndithu kapangidwe - shestistolpny zisanu ozungulira kachisi. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukula kwake kungachitike ankaona nzeru. Poyamba, makoma anali chokongoletsedwa ndi gables, koma kenako anatsitsidwa n'kuikapo denga hipped. Makonde ndi architraves chokongoletsedwa ndi mwala woyera chosema ndi dongosolo pa mutu wa zomera, amene anagwira kuyang'aniridwa ndi Bukhvostova.

St. Synod anagwirizana m'ma 1800 dismantle pa tchalitchi, koma anthu anali kufotokoza za ulemerero wa mzindawo. The wamanga, amene anaitanidwa ku likulu, ananena kuti kachisi wa kubwezeretsedwa. Othandizira kwawo anakhala amalonda olemera a mumzindawo - ndi chifukwa iwo mu 1804, patapita kukhazikitsanso wathunthu, tchalitchi anali opatulidwira kachiwiri.

zomera

Kopanda, mipingo Arkhangel'skii olumikizidwa kwa Palace Oleg Gallery. Malowa amaima pakati ofanana kuti zikugwirizana nyumba oposa awiri. Ndi Gallery maganizo kokongola.

Cathedral wa Angelo

Ndi mmodzi wa Mipingo yochititsa wakale boma la Russia. Iye anamanga mu zaka 15-17. Poyamba anafunika ngati manda ndi mpingo nyumba ya banja kalonga ndi Ryazan mabishopu. Mmodzi wa kanjedza wotchuka zachipembedzo Petro - Stefan Jaworski - lagona ndendende apa.

kuimba Corps

Kukhala zomera, ndi wapaulendo amalowa bwalo, amene aumbike mwa nyumba zingapo. Molunjika patsogolo ili Choral nyumba - mapulani cholowa cha m'ma 17. Lero, makoma a chipolopolo pa akutambasula ethnographic owonetsera zakale.

Dvorets Olega

Izi ndi nyumba yaikulu ya boma la Russia, yoperekedwa kwa anthu wamba. nyumba yokongola, ndi mapulani chipilala wa zaka 17-18th. Area - 2,5 zikwi mamita lalikulu. Mu yosanja ndi Mpingo wa Ioanna Predtechi. Pansi awiri m'munsi anamumanga 1651-1655 gg. Yury Yershov, kunena oyambirira Baroque. zaka forte kenako, mothandizidwa ndi Gregory Mazurina anamangidwanso ndi mpingo womangidwa pa phaka lachitatu - gawo ili anayamba kupanga mu kalembedwe Baroque. Ngakhale zaka zana patapita anapangidwa magetsi kum'mawa mu Petrine Baroque. Utali kuchuluka kwa mamita 94.

Today Dvorets Olega - kowonera zakale-malo, iwo uli mbali ya kumadzulo ya Ryazan chigawocho.

zokopa alendo

Cathedral belu nsanja, Ryazan Kremlin, Cathedral wa Akukwera - chinachake chimene kufika mu khamu Ryazan. Maulendo kololedwa pa malire a boma la Russia tsiku lililonse kupatula Lolemba. M'nyengo yozizira, ndi lotseguka kwa maola 10 mpaka 18, m'chilimwe - kuchokera 11 mpaka 19. Onse amene akufuna kupita kukaona akali zotsatira zipilala ayenera kutsatira kalembedwe otero zovala, makamaka kwa amayi.