Russia angathe nyukiliya. Nyukiliya mivi Russia

Pakali pano, lingathe nyukiliya wa Russia ali achiwiri kukula mu dziko. Panopa m'dziko pali zoposa 1500 mayunitsi kufalitsidwa milandu, komanso waukulu mwatsatanetsatane nkhokwe nyukiliya. Dziwani kuti njira angathe nyukiliya wa Russia zachokera mawonekedwe a wa ku nyukiliya, womwenso onse mpweya, nthaka ndi nyanja zikuluzikulu, koma yomwenso chachikulu ndi pa zosiyanasiyana machitidwe Poteteza dziko ofotokoza, kuphatikizapo komanso maofesi wapadera mwamtheradi kuuluka mafoni kunyumba amatchedwa "Topol ".

Chiwerengerochi enieni

Pamene iwo amati magwero lotseguka, roketi Mphamvu Strategic inali 385 makhazikitsidwe yawo yamakono ndi IDB, nthawi yomweyo kuphatikizapo:

• 180 SS 25 mivi;
• 72 SS 19 roketi;
• 68 SS-18 mivi;
• 50 mivi SS 27, zochokera ku migodi;
• 15 mivi SS 27 mafoni kunyumba.

Kulimbana mphamvu ya Naval Mphamvu zikuphatikizapo 12 STRATEGIC chida sitima zankhondo, ndi Dziwani kuti angathe Russia a nyukiliya akutulukira 7 sitima zankhondo "Dolphin" ntchito, komanso 5 'Kalmar' ntchito. Pa mbali ya Air Force atapereka 77 zoponya mabomba lolemera.

kuwerengetsa lonse

Commission mayiko chinkhoswe mu kutsekeka kwa kuchuluka nyukiliya ndi Kusiya, ananena kuti malo a Russia alipo pafupifupi 2,000 mwatsatanetsatane zokwana nyukiliya, pamene, malinga ndi akatswiri, pali zinthu zingapo, chongopeka kuchepetsa angathe nyukiliya wa Russia. Kwenikweni, Dziwani ochepa mwaiwo:

• Strategic TV zaka zoposa nthawi. Pafupifupi 80% ya chiwerengero cha mivi ndi moyo zapitazi.
• Space ndi nthaka ofotokoza mayunitsi chida chenjezo ndi mphamvu zochepa, makamaka za pakalibe okwana chidwi yoopsa kwambiri ndi roketi mawu a m'madera amene ankakhala mu Atlantic Ocean, komanso ambiri a Pacific Ocean.
• Lolemera yoponya mabomba anaikira yekha zapansi ziwiri, motero amakhala pachiopsezo kwambiri mafunsidwe a preemption.
• Chida sitima zankhondo ndi kuyenda pang'ono, kuti ali mu mkhalidwe yolimbikira awiri okha kapena ngakhale limodzi Launch galimoto chinkhoswe mu ndikulondera nyanja.

lothandiza

Pa nthawi yomweyo, asilikali angathe nyukiliya wa Russia angapo a lothandiza:

• Iwo anali posachedwapa chitukuko cha latsopano kotheratu chida zovuta "yars";
• anayambiranso yopanga zoponya mabomba katundu Lachiwiri 160 chitsanzo;
• anayamba mayesero ulendo wa ngalawa dongosolo chida amatchedwa "Bulava", aliyense amene pali zida nyukiliya;
• kutumidwa mbadwo watsopano wa machitidwe Rada wakhala anayambitsa chifukwa kupewa kuukira chida m'dera Krasnodar ndi dera Leningrad;
• mu kanjira m'zaka otsiriza wakhala kudzipatula chiwerengero mokwanira lalikulu la makina "Cosmos" zitsanzo, akulowamo danga echelon a dongosolo chenjezo oyambirira, akuti "Diso".

Chikhazikitso cha mfundo nyukiliya

Ndi 90 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, Russia limanena kuti aliyense chida nyukiliya ayenera kutsata lamulo containment, koma tanthauzo la liwu izi kusinthidwa lero. Pa nkhani yolembedwa zonse kuti Russia poyankha, kungachititse kuti akagwiriridwa, ndipo pang'onopang'ono anayamba kusintha ndi lonse containment zimene gwero pa mawu a kusintha mu ziphunzitso ano asilikali. Kwenikweni, Dziwani chakuti chiphunzitso cha 1993 asilikali amapereka ndalama containment si yachibadwa kokha, komanso olusa nyukiliya, koma ngakhale kuti poyamba mawu envisaged kuthekera ayankhe nyukiliya ndi kuukira sanali nyukiliya, poyamba inagona basi pa zimene mufunika m'mbuyo mayiko ndi zida za nyukiliya.

1996

uthenga Pulezidenti pa chitetezo cha dziko mu 1996 wanena kuti kufunika kuteteza kuthekera mosayenera ndi nyukiliya, ndi kuti Russia akhoza ntchito chochitika cha zikuluzikulu mphamvu nyukiliya njira ya waukali, ngakhale mlandu wa asilikali wamba. Ndiponso munanena kuti dziko ati kutsata lamulo deterrence nyukiliya pa mayiko a m'dera lawo, m'dera ndi padziko lonse.

1997

National Security Concept 1997 amapereka deterrence la adani awo, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za nyukiliya kukachitika kuti mokwiya zida kumabweretsa chiopsezo kuli la Russia. Choncho, Russia ali ndi ufulu ntchito njira mphamvu nyukiliya poyankha mokwiya, kuti, ngakhale ngati mdani si ntchito zida za nyukiliya. Komanso, formulations izi kusamalira kuteteza luso Russian kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya choyamba.

2010

Asilikali Chiphunzitso cha Russian Federation anatengera malinga ndi lamulo la pulezidenti, ananena kuti ku Russia ali ndi ufulu kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya ku mlandu kapena ogwirizana ake, zida za nyukiliya kusankha ntchito, kapena ntchito ina zida zoopsa. SNF tingatsimikize ankaipembedza zinachitikira mokwiya ndi Russia ikuchitika ndi zida wamba ngati kumatanthauza kuopseza kuli boma lokha.

Kenako, tidzamva mmene Russia akhoza kukhazikitsa ndi kunyanyala nyukiliya, ndi amene ali ndi makhalidwe a chida.

MDB-P 36 UTTKh

IDB UTTKh R-36, yomwe imadziwika ndi ambiri ngati "Voevoda" ndi awiri gawo madzi chida silo ofotokoza. chida ichi ndi chitukuko cha CB "South" ili Dnipropetrovsk ku Ukraine adakali Soviet Union, ndipo ntchito chida ichi mu 1980. Dziwani kuti mu 1988 chida anali modernized, ndipo tsopano Baibulo ili ntchito mu utumiki.

Nyukiliya kuukira ndi chida ichi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mtunda wa 15,000 Km, ndi payload la makilogalamu 8800. Maziko a pano chida MIRV okonzeka zokwana quire ndi kutsata payekha.

Mphamvu ya mtengo nyukiliya wa mabombawo kuti alikukonzeka roketi ukufika 800 kt, pamene Baibulo kuyambira anali 500 okha kt. kupatuka Probabilistic komanso anachepetsedwa kuchokera 370 mpaka 220 m.

IDB Uri-100N UTTKh

The awiri gawo madzi-chopopera mzinga, amene akutukuka KBM mu Reutov, yomwe ili m'dera Moscow. Komanso wofunika utumiki, kuyambira 1980. Nyukiliya warhead akhoza zoopsa pa mtunda wa 10 000 Km ku Launch malo, kuponya-chida kulemera ndi 4035 kg. Maziko a pano chida MIRV ndi zokwana zisanu payekha motsogozedwa chandamale linanena bungwe lililonse limene ndi 400 kt. Probabilistic zozungulira kuchimwa kwa 350 m.

ICBMs RT-2PM

Olimba mafuta atatu gawo roketi pansi ofotokoza m'manja ndi mwakuchita Institute of matenthedwe Technology Moscow. Ziyenera kukhala pa nkhokwe ya dziko kuyambira 1988. chida ichi amatha kumenya chandamale, chapatali kwa 10,5 kukafika ku Launch malo, kuponya kulemera ndi makilogalamu 1000. Pali mmodzi roketi warhead mphamvu 800 kt, pamene Mwina zozungulira kuchimwa kwa 350 m.

ICBM RT-2PM1 / m2

Olimba mafuta atatu gawo roketi silo ofotokoza kapena foni monga anayamba ndi Institute of matenthedwe Technology Moscow. Ntchito pa mikono Russian kuyambira 2000. Nyukiliya warhead akhoza kugunda chandamale ili pa mtunda mpaka 11 000 Km from malo Launch ake, pamene kukhala payload la makilogalamu 1200. Yekha nkhondowo wagawo ali ndi mphamvu pafupifupi 800 kt ndi probabilistic kupatuka zozungulira ukufika 350 m.

ICBM RS 24

Intercontinental olimba mafuta ballistic chida mafoni kunyumba, zida ndi angapo reentry warhead. chitukuko wa Institute Makina Moscow. MBR ndi kusinthidwa PT 2PM2. Tikumbukenso kuti makhalidwe luso chida akhala wachinsinsi.

SLBMs

The awiri gawo madzi ballistic zida lakonzedwa kuti zida zambiri zamakono mwa sitima zankhondo. Strategic mphamvu nyukiliya wa mtundu anayamba mu KBM m'dera Chelyabinsk. Ziyenera kukhala mu utumiki kuyambira 1977. Russian njira mphamvu nyukiliya amakankhira chida zovuta D-9R, ndi mu kapangidwe kake pa nthawi yomweyo maroketi awiri ngati "nyamayi".

chida ichi ali zitatu zazikulu zida nkhondowo:

• monoblock mutu gawo lomwe lili nyukiliya kuyang'anira mphamvu 450 kt;
• MIRV mutu mayunitsi mphamvu zitatu 200 lililonse RT;
• MIRV ndi zokwana zisanu ndi ziwiri, mu lirilonse la mphamvu 100 kt.

RSM-29RM

The atatu gawo madzi ballistic zida lakonzedwa kukulozani sitima zapamadzi yapangidwa KBM Chelyabinsk m'deralo. Lachitsanzo zovuta za D-9R ali, pa manja ake awiri pa nthawi yomweyo "Dolphin" Kamangidwe ntchito zachitetezo kuyambira mu 1986.

chida ichi amakhala ndi embodiments ziwiri zikuluzikulu za zida:

• MIRV muli zokwana zinayi mphamvu kilotons 200;
• MIRV okonzeka ndi zokwana khumi 100 kt.

Dziwani kuti kuyambira 2007 mizinga deta pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa Baibulo kusinthidwa otchedwa R29RM. Pankhaniyi, zosinthika chimodzi chokha amapereka zipangizo nkhondowo - ndi zokwana zisanu ndi zitatu amene mphamvu 100 kt.

F-30

P-30, amadziwika ngati "Bulava", ndi zambiri zamakono Russian chitukuko. Ballistic olimba-chopopera chida cholinga adzaikidwa pa sitima zankhondo. chida ichi ndi akupangidwa ndi Institute of matenthedwe Technology Moscow.

chida ali okonzeka ndi midadada khumi nyukiliya malangizo munthu amene ali ndi mphamvu zokonza msinkhu ndi zoona. Opaleshoni osiyanasiyana chida si zochepa 8000 Km okwana kuponya-kulemera kwa makilogalamu 1150.

ziyembekezo chitukuko

Mu 2010, mgwirizano yosainidwa umene angathe nyukiliya wa Russia ndi United States pang'onopang'ono kuchepa patadutsa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Kwenikweni, anavomereza kuti zipani angavomereze zoletsa pa kumayambiriro zida njira mseru motere:

• chiwerengero cha yoponya mabomba nyukiliya ndi milandu pa ICBM kufalitsidwa ndi BPRL sayenera kuposa 1.550;
• chiwerengero cha SLBMs kufalitsidwa, IDB ndi yoponya mabomba katundu sayenera 700 mayunitsi;
• chiwerengero cha ICBM sanali kufalitsidwa kapena kufalitsidwa ndi yoponya mabomba lolemera - zosakwana mayunitsi 800.

katswiri maganizo

Akatswiri dziwani: panyengo palibe kuti Russia ndi anawonjezera imapanga nyukiliya. Makamaka kumapeto kwa 2012 ku Russia panafika anthu pafupifupi 490 magalimoto kufalitsidwa yobereka ndi zokwana 1,500 nyukiliya kufalitsidwa pa iwo.

Malinga Zoneneratu Research Service la United States Congress, mu kukhazikitsa mgwirizano umenewu chiwerengero cha zonyamulira mu Russia adzakhala ndichepe magawo 440, pamene chiwerengero cha zokwana nthawi mu 2017 lidzafika mayunitsi 1335. Dziwani kuti pali zambiri za kusintha limagwirira wa ochuluka. Mwachitsanzo, pansi pa pangano latsopano, aliyense kufalitsidwa yoponya mabomba ndi imodzi wagawo mlandu, pamene yemweyo Lachiwiri 160 amatha bolodi pa yomweyo 12 mivi nyukiliya ndi B-52H - ndipo pa 20.