ROC Ichi nchiani? Orthodox Russian

Christianity mu Russia anayamba kufalitsa m'zaka IX. Zimenezi mwamphamvu kwambiri kufooketsedwa ndi moyandikana ndi amphamvu Ufumu wa Byzantium, Akhristu. Kuthana ndi funso lakuti: "ROC - kutanthauza kuti," wofufuza pang'ono m'mbiri ya Russia wakale, kumene ntchito yophunzitsa za Asilavo poyamba chinkhoswe alaliki - abale Kirill Ine Mefody. Ubatizo woyamba adakwatira Mfumukazi Olga wa Kiev mu 954. chochitika anathandiza chakuti pambuyo Kiev Prince Vladimir mu 988, anabatizidwa Lazaro.

Mbiri ya Mpingo Orthodox Russian

Mu chisanadze Mongol nthawi Mpingo Russian anali ndi mzinda wa Constantinople Orthodox amene anamuika mzinda wake wa Agiriki. Komabe, mu 1051 wachifumu atangokhala Russian Metropolitan Hilarion - ophunzira kwambiri m'zachipembedzo.

Mbiri ya Mpingo Orthodox Russian limasonyeza kuti ankamanga matchalitchi zazikulu mu Russia idayamba X atumwi, ndi m'zaka za m'ma XI adalenga woyamba kumene kumakhala Amonke chuma.

Agulupa choyamba (Crypt), lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi St. Antoniy Pechersky, anabweretsa 1051 ndi Russia Athos mmonke. Mzindawu unakhala likulu cha Orthodox mu Russia. M'tsogolo, amonke sanali kokha malo zauzimu chikufotokoza za chikhalidwe komanso maphunziro omwe anali mbiri yakale, anamasulira mabuku zamulungu asangalala iconography.

Yonseyi maukulu

Kuti: "ROC - chiyani", tisaiwale kuti mu nthawi ya kugawikana ang'onoang'ono a XII atumwi, yekha Mpingo Orthodox anakhalabe mtumiki yaikulu ya Maganizo a mgwirizano wa anthu Russian, amene ankatsutsa a kalonga ndewu nthawi zonse.

Mu XIII m'ma kwa Russia anaukira Chitata Mongol khamu, koma iwo sakanakhoza kuswa Russian Church. M'makhalidwe, mwauzimu ndi mwakuthupi, iye anathandiza kuti chilengedwe cha mgwirizano Russian ndale.

M'zaka za m'ma XIV, anayamba kugwirizanitsa padziko Moscow Russian ukulu. Great Russian hierarchs anakhala wothandizira wauzimu wa Moscow akalonga.

anzake kwambiri

Metropolitan Alexy anakhala Mlangizi wa St. Prince wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy. Saint Yona, Metropolitan wa Moscow anathandiza Prince wa Moscow mu asayambe umodzi wa dongosolo boma ndi kuchotsa nkhondo ang'onoang'ono.

Orthodox Saint Sergiy Radonezhsky odalitsika Kulikov nkhondo Dmitri Donskoy, mlingo umenewu chinali chiyambi cha kumasulidwa kwa mayiko Russian ndi asilikaliwa.

M'pake kuti anthu ambiri ali ndi chidwi nkhani ya "ROC - ndichiyani?" Ndipo pano mu malo oyamba tisaiwale kuti Mpingo Orthodox zinathandiza anthu kusunga chikhalidwe ndi chikumbu mtundu wa anthu Russian. Mwachitsanzo, pomanga XIII atumwi anayamba Pochaev Lavra, kotero anati Orthodox ndi kumadzulo Russian mayiko.

Pakati XIV ndipo kwa zaka za m'ma XV mu Russia izo choikidwacho mpaka 180 mchitidwe umenewu. chochitika Azimayi anali maziko a Utatu-Sergio ansembe yotchedwa mu 1334 ndi M'busa Saint Sergio wa Radonezh. obisika wakhala ntchito kwa luntha lake zodabwitsa M'busa Andrei Rublev.

Aftokefaliya. Russian Orthodox mbadwa

M'kupita kwa nthawi, boma la Russia anayamba kupeza mphamvu ndi kuchotsa Aisiraeli, ndipo adakhala wamphamvu ndi wamphamvu kwambiri Orthodox mu Russia. Kumvetsa zomwe Tchalitchi cha Orthodox akubwera kumvetsa udindo wake waukulu mu mbiri ya boma.

Pamaso pa kugwa kwa Ufumu wa Byzantine mu 1448, Mpingo Russian ufulu wodzilamulira ake ku Orthodox wa Constantinople. Anapulumutsidwa Council mabishopu Russian, Metropolitan Yona Metropolitan wa Moscow ndipo onse Russia.

Ndipo tsopano, mu 1589 , Yobu - Metropolitan wa Moscow - wobwezera wa mabishopu loyamba la Russia.

Mu XVII atumwi ku Russia anali anaukira ndi ankhondo Chipolishi Swedish. Koma mpingo Russian pano ndi sanafooke. Great patriot mabishopu, Ergemon anaphedwa ndi ankhondowo, koma anali mtsogoleri wauzimu wa asilikali a Minin ndi Pozharsky.

M'mbiri ya boma Russian ndipo anafotokoza kukana zozizwitsa za Utatu-Sergio Lavra, ndi Zitsulo asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda mu 1608-1610 gg.

Kenako kholo, Nikon, chinkhoswe mu kusintha, chifukwa mu kugawanika mu Mpingo Orthodox Russian unakhazikitsidwa. kukonza awa anapitiriza m'zaka XVIII ndi Peter I. Mu 1700, pambuyo pa imfa ya mabishopu, Adrian watsopano Kanyaniko wa Mpingo anasiya kusankha, monga anakhazikitsa Woyera Bungwe Synod, amene amalowerera akuluakulu boma 1721. Iye inatenga zaka pafupi zaka mazana awiri ndipo wakhala zimawononga kwa ROC.

kubwezeretsedwa kwa mabishopu pa

Mu 1917 iye anali kutchedwa-Russian Council Mpingo, kumene Orthodox limzake. Kholo la Moscow ndi onse Russia anali Metropolitan Moskovskiy Tihon.

Koma Bolsheviks ankaona ROC mdani wawo maganizo, choncho umamumvera chiwonongeko.

Kuyambira mu 1922 mpaka 1924, mabishopu, Tikhon anali pansi kumangidwa. Pamene inakhalapo Orthodox Russian kunja. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, kulimbana ndi zinachititsa kuti tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox, Metropolitan Sergio (Stargorodsky).

Mu Soviet Union kulambira okha ochepa mipingo. Zambiri za atsogoleri anawomberedwa kapena anali m'misasa.

Pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse lonse dongosolo mpingo pafupifupi inawonongedwa, koma tsoka kumenyana Stalin amakakamizidwa adasonkhananso kwa ROC thandizo abwino. Ansembe komanso mabishopu anamasulidwa ku ndende.

Kukwaniritsidwa anali ndondomeko, pamene khololo anasankhidwa mu 1943 pa msonkhano wa Aepiskopi - Metropolitan Sergio (Stargorodsky), ndipo mu 1945 ku Khonsolo ya Local - Metropolitan Alexy.

Mu nthawi Khrushchev a mipingo yambiri anatsekedwa, kuzunza onse a mpingo unathera mu nthawi Brezhnev, koma mosamalitsa olamulidwa ndi akuluakulu. Ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri, ROC anali. Kodi ndi kupulumuka ndi kuzunzidwa, iye amadziwa, kalanga, osati mwa zongomva, njira yovuta.

Moscow Orthodox

Mu 1988, chikondwerero cha Millennium la Russia, ndipo wakhala chosaiwalika mwambo kwa mpingo ndi boma. Takambiranazi kubwezeretsedwa kwa mipingo. Lotsatira anali mbadwa Alexy Ine, Pimen ndi Alexy II. Lero, masiku Orthodox lotsogoleredwa ndi kholo la Moscow ndi onse Russia Kirill. M'nthawi yovuta ndi pa mapewa ake kuika katundu wolemera - kufunafuna njira ya chiyanjanitso cha anthu onse Asilavo. Ndipotu, ndipo amalenga ROC.

Modern m'dera la Mpingo Orthodox Russian, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1325, ali padziko 1506 akachisi. Ndi maparishi ndi mchitidwe umenewu wa chigawocho mwini 268 m'matchalitchi. Kapangidwe m'dera lagawidwa 48 deanery, amene anatembenuka pa ndi obisika. Deanery ophatikizidwa mu 1153 ndi kufika mchitidwe 24. Komanso, m'dera ali 3 edinovercheskie kubera amene ali kugonjera kwambiri ndi Metropolitan. Bishopu akulamulira wa Moscow m'dera la Mpingo Orthodox Russian - Metropolitan Krutitsy ndi Kolomna Juvenal.