Private usilikali Company: A Review pa mndandanda, makamaka ntchito, malipiro ndi ndemanga

M'mayiko Western, chodabwitsa kampani payekha asilikali mwachangu ntchito kuthetsa mavuto a nkhondowo ndi mtendere. Masiku ano kale zikuonekeratu kuti ndi nthawi yoganizira ndi mayiko CIS pa kukhazikitsa mu zawo za bungwe ili malamulo ndi kulenga chimango zolimbana, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe mungathe zonse dera lino zofunika komanso zofunikira.

Izo zinachitika kuti palibe kampani payekha asilikali mwina pa gawo Russian, ngati zinthu zonse zinthu zimenezi ndi mwayi wapadera yekha wa okhawo ndi dziko lathu. Koma kwenikweni, mayiko ambiri akuyesetsa kuonjezera chaka ndi kukhala msika lonse kupereka pawekha chilengedwe. Pankhaniyi sitili kulankhula za mmene payekha kampani asilikali kuthandiza pothetsa mishoni iliyonse nkhondowo, komanso za mbali chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe cha zinthu normative malamulo mderali.

N'chifukwa chiyani icho?

Choyamba, chifukwa zikamera wa mabungwe amenewa akhoza kuthetseratu vuto ntchito, zomwe ndi zachilendo pakati alonda wakale wa asilikali Russian, ngati iwo ali kopita atachoka malo a. Zinthu ngati angathetse gulu lirilonse nkhondo eniake, koma chifukwa cha kusintha kwa Utumiki wa Kuteteza asilikali ambiri akatswiri amene anadzipereka gawo osakhala utumiki wawo kasamalidwe moyo asilikali, kukakamizidwa kufunafuna ntchito, zomwe zambiri sangathe zogwirizana awo mwamsanga ntchito yake. Zonsezi zimathandiza munthu kuchepa msinkhu wonse wa ndalama zawo ndipo, chotero, pafupipafupi zoyesayesa za patsogolo oletsedwa.

Komano, makampani asilikali kuthandiza kuthetsa vutoli ndi kupita kudziko lina ambiri ogwira chiyani sakwanitsa kupeza ntchito pambuyo akuchotsedwa zilipo, monga maiko ena, nthawi zambiri amaona kufunika, ndipo aonetsa chidwi kukopa chidziwitso ndi akatswiri akatswiri maluso ena. Motero, mayiko athu akusiya ndalama ndi akatswiri, ndi ndalama izi ayi yaing'ono.

The mbali ndalama

Ndalama zimene anali kudzabweretsa dziko kampani payekha ankhondo (PMC) - wina mkangano mwachilungamo mphamvu mokomera chakuti zingakhale zofunikira kutengera lamulo oyamba. bajeti dziko ayenera kulandira koposa magwero latsopano kuti akhoza kuligonjetsa ndalama gawo, pamene kuli malamulo a makampani osiyanasiyana payekha akhoza kubweretsa ndalama kwambiri. Komanso, anthu angapo kudziwa kuti ife kale ntchito ngati bungwe, koma iwo anawerengedwa kunja kwa munda malamulo a Russia. Izi zikusonyeza kuti ndalama zawo sikumangotikhudza boma, monga kuyenera momwe ntchito Mwachitsanzo, yemweyo American payekha makampani asilikali.

ziyembekezo ndi chiyani?

Si kale ndi unduna wa silikhali watenga kuchokera kanthu ndi ulemu chakuti boma latsopano la Russia kukhazikitsa ndi malo ankhondo, ndipo ndithu angatchedwe sitepe yoyamba kwa zikamera wa mabungwe amenewa. Pali ambiri a malo osangalatsa, monga mautumiki apadera opereka makampani asilikali. Malipiro aliyense katswiri pano zimatengera pa ntchito ikuchitika mwa iwo: njira kukonzekera, ntchito ya usilikali, deta, komanso panali ndi ntchito thandizo. N'chifukwa chake kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo bwino anachita posachedwapa, ndipo ngati akuchedwa, izi lidali.

Kodi iwo akuchita chiyani?

Masiku ano pali nambala yaikulu mabungwe, ndipo ngati tikukamba za maiko CIS, ndi payekha asilikali kampani "Asilavo nyumba" chionekera onse, amene mwalamulo mayina Hong Kong, koma kwenikweni zikuphatikizapo makamaka mamembala wa asilikali zosiyanasiyana ndi mphamvu yapadera ya Soviet. Kuchuluka kwa ntchito za mabungwe amenewa angakhale monga maudindo zotsatirazi:

• Atetezedwe zida za anthu ndi mabungwe alamulo, kukhwimitsa chitetezo, amene amasonkhana ambiri anthu, komanso chitukuko ndi kukhazikitsa zina za miyeso zosiyanasiyana zambiri chitetezo. zithandizozi Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi nkhani zina, kampani payekha nkhondo chinkhoswe mu Molkino.
• maofesi Professional chitetezo, nzeru, kuthandiza mizati, malangizo, kufunsira kapena kuchita nkhondo kuchotseratu mabomba anthu.
• Kuchita yokonza ndi ntchito machitidwe apadera nkhondo.
• Security pa zoyendera kapena kuwatsekela.
• Uphungu ndi kuphunzitsa ogwira ntchito mabungwe chitetezo kapena ogwira m'deralo.
• Kusunga chitetezo zida ndi thandizo zonse zosiyanasiyana ziwiya wamba kwa achifwamba, kusunga zonse chitetezo cheke mafuta ndi gasi nsanja zikawonongeka, zipilalapo chitetezo, sitima ndi nsanja ali m'madzi.

Ndi yochepa mndandanda wa zomwe angathe kuchita nkhondo ndi chitetezo makampani. Tikumbukenso kuti ngati ntchito chitetezo ndi zofunika kuzikwaniritsa, umalimbana thandizo la cargoes ndi kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, chirichonse chiri bwino, kuti anthu ambiri si bwino, mawu akuti "nkhondo". Osati anthu onse amene akufuna kuti ayambe mu kampani payekha asilikali, molondola kumvetsa momwe mabungwe kupereka ntchito ya usilikali.

chokhala m'dzikolo

Mu mchitidwe ano dziko kale mndandanda mwachilungamo lalikulu makampani ankhondo, zomwe akhala aakulu ndi ambiri, osati khalidwe linalake, koma pafupifupi lonse lapansili. Mu Russia, ngakhale kuti zikalata zofunikira pa gulu la chotero kusowa kwa dongosolo, izo anakwanitsa kupeza kufalikira kumapeto, ndi kudziko, mungapeze ambiri a makampani amene kuika okha motere.

Malinga ndi kuona malamulo, ndi Russian payekha makampani asilikali kuonedwa ndi mgwirizano pagulu-payekha (PPP), chifukwa iwo alibe koma kulibe pa mlingo malamulo, koma kale wasenza ntchito yeniyeni. Mu nkhani iyi, PPP ali ndi chiyembekezo lamulo osati kuonetsetsa fixation wa limagwirira pa mlingo la feduro, komanso m'tsogolo azipereka kwa chitukuko kudutsa Russia.

Mwatsoka, pa mphindi, regionally osati ngakhale pa mlingo boma ali kwenikweni ntchito njira malamulo apangidwa, amene adzalola kuti alimbikitse mabungwe awa, ndi chitsanzo kuwala uyu ndiye mutu wa Evgeniy Vagner kampani payekha asilikali, amene analenga dongosolo mwini wake, ntchito amene zinthu zambiri si malamulo. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti mabvuto, mfumu pakati zomwe munene akhoza m'gulu gulu mabungwe amenewa mwa mercenaries zimenezo ziribe kanthu kochita ndi chowonadi.

Kodi kusiyana kwake?

The kusadziwa izi nthawi zambiri amalenga wachiphamaso anachita anthu pa zomwe zakhala wapadera asilikali kampani Wagner ndi nyumba zofanana.

Pa dzanja limodzi, ngati munthu wantchito wa bungwe payekha ndipo motero kufa mu ntchito za ntchito yake, iye si msilikali wa Army la National, amene ankachita nawo kukhazikitsa dongosolo mwachindunji lamulo. Komano, akhoza kutchedwa aganyu, amene wapulumutsidwa kwa ena ndalama.

Koma ziyenera bwino ndi kuzindikira moyenera kuti aganyu ndi kwathunthu munthu aliyense amene wakhala usilikali kuti nawo nkhondo makamaka pamene United States ndi mayiko ena, makampani asilikali akuimira zonse kunachitika bungwe, chimene akuthamanga zambiri onse osiyanasiyana ntchito .

Mu namtindi wa milandu ndi mabungwe amenewa kupanga pangano mgwirizano pa maziko mosalekeza, ndiponso zochita akatswiri apa kokha ngati mlangizi kapena mlangizi nkhani iliyonse luso ndi asilikali. mabungwe Private ndi kulembetsa boma hayala, komanso dongosolo wapadera malonda, choncho mamembala a mabungwe transnational, kotero kuti zosiyanasiyana awo a ntchito chimafikira osati mafakitale usilikali.

Anayambika pa nthawi Bill kungathandizire kuwononga zosiyanasiyana kutanthauzira kolakwika, ndi mitundu yonse ya nkhambakamwa pofuna kuthandiza kufotokoza mfundo zikuluzikulu za zimene kusiyana pakati pa mercenaries ndi PMCs mu Dongosolo la ntchito ya usilikali. Ndipo Chofunika, izo mpata chimatanthauza chimango mlandu makampani asilikali kugwira ntchito mu gawo la limati ena, malinga ndi zimene malamulo ambiri amavomereza misonkhano yosiyanasiyana padziko lonse.

Monga momwe n'zofunika?

Anthu ambiri akudziwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba payekha nkhondo ya mayiko a azungu, kuphatikizapo United States, ndi zachitika ndipo chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito, komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama ntchito pa nkhani ya mabungwe awa ndi amazipanga lalikulu. Komanso, kuwonjezera pa mayiko a azungu, chitukuko yogwira makampani chinkhoswe mu China, kotero ife tikhoza bwinobwino kuti ngati nkwabwino, ndipo kotero ayenera kukhala osiyana, izo zikhoza kukhala zopindulitsa kwa ife.

Zandale ndiponso mbali

Chiwerengero cha mikangano kwaiye mu maiko osiyanasiyana pa zaka khumi zapitazi, wawuka kangapo, ndipo chikhoza inachokera ku malipoti zisakuyenda bwino. Nthawi zambiri, mu ankhondo zonse palibe mwayi kupereka kukana bwino, kuonetsetsa ndondomeko olimba kapena kusungira mode ena. Komanso, kutsatira ntchito ya zachitetezo, akuluakulu ayenera kudziwa kuti mu nkhani iyi pali chiopsezo kuti akhale zokwanira zoipa m'zinthu anthu, monga ambiri anachita anatani nkhanza ndi imfa ya ngakhale msilikali wina. Kuti mavuto ofanana adanyamuka njira ya ntchito asilikali Chechnya ndi Afghanistan.

Chifukwa chakuti anthu ogwira ntchito PMCs zimakhudzidwa ndondomeko yomenyera mothandizidwa ndi asilikali zonse, ndi ziwerengero ambiri kuvulala ndi imfa ali kwambiri yafupika, ndipo pali kuthekera wofunikila ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimene zimafuna mkulu chinsinsi. ntchito yawo adzapereka boma mwayi kuthetsa mavuto mfundo yachilendo, n'kupeŵa osafunika chikhalidwe ndi mayiko kumveka.

zipangizo zatsopano

M'pofunika mumvetse chakuti luso labwino ndi njira ntchito ya PMCs masiku ano si zokhazo kunja kwa dzikoli. Choncho Mwachitsanzo, amapereka kuthekera kwa yolemba ntchito ndi pophunzitsidwa zina za akatswiri mu dziko limene mukufuna kuchita maopaleshoni osiyanasiyana kuti athe kugwira ntchito yeniyeni awoawo malangizo. A ubwino Pankhaniyi zimatheka chifukwa chakuti kwathunthu kumatha vuto la zotheka maganizo olakwika pa mbali ya m'deralo alendo, komanso kuti akonze timu zonse akatswiri m'deralo, amatha mofulumira kwambiri oyendetsa zinthu zimene zayamba zoona, m'nyumba zawo . Zonsezi kumawonjezera kwambiri n'zotheka kuti posachedwapa, akuluakulu a boma adzatha kubweretsa zinthu pansi pa ulamuliro.

Komanso, ogwira ntchito za makampani, kukhala kunja kwa zopinga za malamulo adziko lonse lapansi, akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zawo wapadera ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito, sasunthika ndi kanthu, popeza kuchuluka kwa competences ndi malamulo a ntchito zawo kwathunthu kumatsimikizika ndi kukafola mapangano ndi kampani. Kumlingo, izi zimathandiza kuchotsa iwo udindo uliwonse kwa ndalama zosiyanasiyana makhalidwe ndi malamulo abwana ndipo nthawi yomweyo limakupatsani kukwaniritsa wapamwamba nkhondowo chidacho. Chifukwa maonekedwe a mabungwe a boma ku Russia idzasintha osati njira ntchito mu ntchito ya asilikali mtendere, komanso mfundo kuchititsa mfundo yachilendo.

M'pofunika molondola kudziwa kuti ntchito imeneyi nkhokwe waukulu kuthetsa vuto ndi mwayi osiyana mu mpikisano lero padziko lonse, ndi pamaso pa PMCs zosiyanasiyana m'madera ntchito nkhondowo adzakhala kwambiri kukuza zofuna za chikoka cha la Russia, komanso kupereka ndi zambiri ogwirizana latsopano limene pamapeto pake adzasintha wonse boma udindo.

Kuthekera kwina ntchito makampani asilikali mwina yogwira Kukwezeleza zida zoweta misika osiyanasiyana padziko lonse. Chifukwa chiyani? Limati iwo amene asankha kugula zida zathu asilikali, ogwira ntchito za makampani angathe kupereka utumiki wake, akatswiri chitetezo kuonetsetsa wamakono zida, lokhudza thandizo chenjezo, kuphunzitsa ogwira ndi ntchito zina zambiri.

chuma

Ntchito PMCs ndi yosafuna mu ndondomeko ya ntchito zachinsinsi ndi yochepa nkhondo, chuma chake ndi mphamvu kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa pempho yeniyeni. The State sayenera amathera wambirimbiri ndalama kuonetsetsa kuti luso ndi thandizo kugula yunifolomu kwa asilikali yamtendere, pamene mwini wake adzakhala akatswiri waudindo wake. Mosiyana ndi asilikali muyezo zonse, ndi kutumizgika zimene zimaphatikizapo kufunika atumiza mokwanira lankhondo lamphamvu zedi ndalama zomangamanga chofunika kukalembera ndi kampani payekha zankhondo kwambiri m'munsi, koma chifukwa piecework malipiro mtundu wa ntchito ya akhoza kuchitika kokha chifukwa kukhazikitsa konkire ntchito zosiyanasiyana za nkhondo.

The peculiarity wa ntchito yawo ndi choyamba, kuti boma sindiye kukhala bwana mwachindunji. PMC mwina alipo mosiyana Mapangano boma ndi kuchita kukhazikitsa ntchito anapereka mabungwe lonse kapena mabungwe malonda. Choncho, chifukwa msika usilikali adzam'patsa zosowa ndi kubwezeretsa wabwino wa bajeti pamaso pa zinthu zonse zogwirizana ndi mapangidwe ake ndi ntchito m'dera la Chitaganya cha Russia.