Penti "chibwenzi Major": malongosoledwe a chithunzi

Kawirikawiri zojambula a kupenta mtundu wanyimbo limanena zambiri za kuopsa kwa chiwembu kuposa khalidwe lake azithunzithunzi, koma Pavel Fedotov walenga kagawo kakang'ono chake pa luso Russian, lomwe linali ndi mtundu wanyimbo kupenta, mphamvu zake chidwi ndi nzeru.

Penti "chibwenzi Major" udachita iye mutu wa academician, kuzindikira pagulu ndi chikondi cha anthu. Fedotov waikidwa mu mzere ndi portraitists ngati chikhalidwe, Ivan Krylov, Nikolai Gogol, Alexander Ostrovsky. M'nthawi ndi otsutsa otchedwa kalembedwe wake si kunyumba kupenta ndi romanticism kapena zonyoza Kuzindikira azithunzithunzi.

polemba chinenero kupenta

zina zachidule banja - ndi mtundu wanyimbo wa zithunzi, zosonyeza tsiku ntchito ndandanda kapena munthawi ya moyo, yodziwika ndi gulu lina la anthu ndi abwino chawo.

The zina zachidule woyamba wa pakhomo kuonedwa monga zinthu za luso thanthwe limene kusaka zithunzi Buku, kapena tsiku ndi tsiku moyo wa anthu akale. Kenako adatsata ndi chithunzi pa Aigupto mipukutu ndi Greek frescoes, amene okhala moyo wa anthu awa. Komabe, monga mtundu wanyimbo osiyana penti zina zachidule tsiku ndi tsiku anayamba kutenga mawonekedwe mu feudalism mochedwa ndipo masiku ano.

Ndi kuwuka kwa mfundo za demokalase ndi kusintha kwa mtundu wanyimbo wamoyo anayamba apeze ochuluka amakonda mwa ojambula zithunzi. Ngakhale mu Europe nthawi ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano zojambula nyumba mutu anayamba kutuluka pansi pa tchire Giotto, Van Eyck ndi El Agiriki, ndiye atengera anapitiriza Brueghel, Vermeer, Rubens ndi Velasquez.

Russian mtundu wanyimbo kupenta ndi zithunzi tsiku ndi tsiku aluso Russian

Polemba chinenero mu Russia ambiri mu zaka za m'ma XIX. Ojambula zithunzi lolunjika pa moyo wa anthu wamba ndi crimp awo mwankhanza. Gen. amalonda ndi otchuka ndi zambiri zokayikitsa kukhala phunziro la fano. Makamaka zofunika nthawi mu chitukuko cha Russian mtundu wanyimbo kupenta anali nthawi ya Wanderers.

Mu Russian luso wanzeru oimira mtundu wanyimbo - Repin, Serov ndi Vereshchagin Venetsianov. Pavel Fedotov anapeza mulingo watsopano, osati Russian luso ambiri, komanso mtundu wanyimbo oona mtima. ulaliki wake comedic kuti zina zachidule zoweta anapanga Fedotov ankakonda anthu, ndi kupenta "chibwenzi Major" anakhala ngale chionetserocho kusukulu 1848.

Wambiri mwa wolemba

Pavel Fedotov anabwera kuchokera ku banja losauka la phungu titular. Iye anayamba kujambula mu Cadet Corps, ndi nthawi ya utumiki wake asilikali olondera anayamba maphunziro kupenta pa Academy of Tirhana.

Mu Fedotov iye ankafunitsitsa diso kuona kuti makhalidwe a anthu woonda makamaka khalidwe lawo, kotero zithunzi okha adzalandira mkulu kufanana, komanso khalidwe lapadera. Mu nthawi ya utumiki, chifukwa chojambula Fedotova anakhalabe chibwana kwambiri, koma chifukwa zinthu straitened ndalama, iye sakanakhoza kusiya utumiki ndi kudzipereka kwa luso.

A anatembenukira mmoyo chithunzicho chinali msonkhano ndi Grand Duke Michael, kenako m'bale wake, Mfumu Nicholas, amene anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi talente imodzi ya kapitawo wamng'ono, ndipo anam'patsa ufulu kuchotsedwa zaufulu utumiki ndi okhutira Fedotov akhoza kwambiri titsatire kupenta.

History kupenta

Chatsopanocho wojambula maganizo wokhala zithunzi nkhondo, monga mwa nthawi ya Nicholas Ine nkhondo zithunzi anali yaikulu bwino malonda. Zojambulazo woyamba Fedotov chosonyeza zochitika za nkhondo, anawazunza ndipo m'chipindacho moyo.

Ngakhale kusankha anapanga, wojambula anapitiriza sketching kuzipenya tsiku komanso kulemba zithunzi azithunzithunzi. Ena mwa zina zachidule zinalembedwa zochokera nthano Ivana Krylova. Atawaona, ndi fabulist analangiza Fedotov kuchita kupenta chimodzimodzi mtundu wanyimbo poganizira kuonerera, nzeru ndi olondola luso chithunzicho. Pambuyo mawu otamanda Krylov Fedotov analemba nkhani ziwiri kunyumba - "intelligibility Mkwatibwi" (kwa nyimbo za nthano) ndi "Mwatsopano cavalier".

Fedotov wakhalanso utoto zina zachidule ambiri, amene amayembekezeka kukhala chinsalu "chibwenzi Major". Kufotokozera za kupenta "mkwatibwi choosy" ali manowa mbiri wojambula monga Albucasis, koma pofuna kukwaniritsa ntchito Fedotov analandira atakomana ndi Bryullov.

Powona wokonzeka chithunzi, Karl Bryullov nakopa Academy kuti asankhe gulu Fedotov mutu wa academician ndi kum'patsa zili. Pa chionetsero mu 1848 chithunzicho anasonyeza kupenta wake watsopano. "Chibwenzi Major" - chithunzi anapanga kuwaza mwadzidzidzi ndipo ndinamugwedeza prim Petersburg omvera, kupanga kubangula ndi kuseka. Malinga ndi zotsatira za chionetserocho, ndi Council pamodzi kupereka mutu wa academician Fedotov.

Kufotokozera chithunzi Fedotov "chibwenzi Major"

Nsalu "chibwenzi Major" mwandondomeko chidwi amaonetsera wamalonda akungondinyoza kutchuka ndi zosamveka zenera kuvala. Ndi nzeru zake zochenjera Fedotov chikusonyezera zochita mmene anthu a m'nkhaniyi ndi Kuwapatsa makhalidwe enieni, popanda hyperbolizing njira.

Chifukwa, kum'patsa amaona akadali chithunzi cha moyo wa amalonda - kulankhulana chipinda, mopupuluma anasonkhana tebulo, atavala zosayenera ndi madona manyazi wovala mkanjo odula mwini latsopano nyumba, ndi khomo phlegmatic twirled masharubu ngwazi ya mwambo - mkwati.

Pamaso chionetserocho Fedotov analemba ndakatulo zoseketsa za chiwembu cha ntchito "chibwenzi Major". Kufotokozera za chithunzi ndime amatanthauza ngwazi zonse intaneti ndipo anafotokoza maganizo awo ndi khalidwe. Zochokera Fedotov olembedwa, analimbikitsidwa ndi mutu wolemekezeka ndi anapuma Major kufunafuna ukwati ndakuwonetserani, chifukwa penshioni ndi yaing'ono.

Banja la mkwatibwi - oimira yowala wotetezedwa amalonda amene amafuna kudzera onse kwa anthu apamwamba. Zingatanthauze kuti azithunzithunzi imeneyi pang'ono, koma wolemba anali wokhoza kuphunzitsa mitundu ya m'nkhaniyi kuti chithunzi ladzala ndi nthabwala ndi chotonzedwa Nezlobnaya.

mfundo za sewero lanthabwala

omvetsera anagwa mchikondi ndi kupenta "chibwenzi Major" kwa nzeru wochenjera ndi bwino ananenera kusamvana zazing'ono pakati pawo:

1. Unpreparedness a mkwati ndi umbuli wake akuoneka wa mfundo zabwino kwambiri.
2. Kugwiritsa maphunziro wamalonda banja komanso kuyesetsa kwawo zosamveka kukumana malamulo amenewa.

Kufotokozera chithunzi Fedotova "chibwenzi Major" anayamba wowerenga kuti yaikulu wopuma pantchito, amene analandira udindo wa m'banja lachifumu ndipo akuyembekezera mkwatibwi ndi watanthauzo, koma basi magazi amene anakhudza kukonzekera kwa mkwatibwi mkwatibwi:

• matchmaking zikuchitika tsiku kudya, malinga tebulo amangokhala ndi mbale chitumbuwa;
• Major wopanda maluwa kwa mkwatibwi;
• matchmaker Major osankhidwa anthu wamba, kuweruza ndi dushegreyke ake kutsogolo.

Chilakolako kulowa anthu apamwamba anali ophiphiritsa a amalonda ambiri olemera ndi otchuka, izi anafotokoza inept Potsanzira machitidwe pa bwalo. Penti "chibwenzi Major" akunena wamalonda banja, kuyesera kuti ndikwatire mwana wawo wamkazi akwatiwe ndi munthu wa m'banja lachifumu, ndi onse chipinda ndi amalonda okha kumawoneka zimaseketsa kwambiri:

• chipinda chimene kanthu udzachitika - kutsogolo m'malo pabalaza kapena chipinda chodyera, si yoyenera zodyera;
• tablecloth, amene anaika ndi gome, sananenedwe kwa ingestion ndipo ayenera kuchita ntchito kukongoletsa m'mautumiki kapena boudoirs;
• tebulo ndi chochepa kwambiri kwa chiwerengero ngati zokhwasula-khwasula;
• kutsogolo pali zambiri za anthu otchulidwa owonjezera - wophika, mopupuluma kuphimba tebulo, sidelets amadalira amene sali mu chipinda;
• madzulo mpira mikanjo wamasiye ndi atsikana osati zizigwirizana kamodzi kapena nthawi ya tsiku;
• Chalk kwa madiresi wa mayi ndi mwana (shawls) amasankhidwa osati zodyera.

Ngakhale nthabwala lakuthwa amene chithunzicho utoto otchulidwa wake, kupenta Fedotova "chibwenzi Major" Kodi si kupereka chikhalidwe cha dumbo, ndi mnyozo. M'malo mwake - iye akunyengerera amaonetsa kuti zilembo monga ali.

The kupenta P. Fedotova "chibwenzi Major": Khadili Tikaona m'mbiri

Njira kukonzekera kupenta anatenga nthawi yayitali. Pavel Fedotov funa chipinda chabwino, mawonekedwe bwino. m'nthawi ambiri ndi otsutsa Mwaona Mbiri yachindunji ya chithunzi ndipo adzaupereka kwa nthawi yake.

Fedotov milungu ingapo pofunafuna chipinda, naprashivayas m'nyumba amalonda, mpaka anapeza ufulu wangwiro pamaso pa a odyera. Kenako anadutsa kufufuza yolemetsa kwa barman chabwino ndi retainers. Pa udindo wa wojambula yaikulu anapempha mnzake, ndipo bambo rewrote kangapo kusonyeza strangeness wa malaya ake poyerekeza malaya a.

"Chibwenzi Major" - chithunzi, kudzera mwa Fedotova pafupifupi olembedwa kuchokera chikhalidwe. Chipinda yokha, chikhalidwe, Chalk, ngakhale zithunzi ndi zithunzi pa makoma ndi lodalirika, mbiri yakale yolondola ndi kwathunthu kwambiri kuulula chikhalidwe cha zochita ndi matchmaking ndi amalonda.