Pa kodi Mkhalidwe mafuta kudzazidwa okwerera: ndemanga mlingo

Madalaivala achikulire mukudziwa zimene gasi kwambiri apamwamba mafuta. Kwambiri zinachitikira lililonse "Ace maulendo Russian" hoarding osati chifukwa cha dyera ndi ubwino. Chifukwa aona: kuchoka ku mfundo pamaso pa zodetsa (kuti oona mtima: petulo osachepera - osati wowawasa, komanso ilo kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi ndi mafuta ndi chiwerengero m'munsi octeni) ndi zinadzala ndi vuto lalikulu.

Zosefera yatsekera, makandulo adatuluka

Ngati tiyandikira nkhani popanda chisamaliro choyenera, galimoto pang'ono ndi pang'ono, ndipo nthawizina yomweyo sagwirizana kuphwanya "mphamvu" malamulo. Yatsekera Zosefera, vuto injectors, mpweya madipoziti makandulo - osati mndandanda wa mavuto, zikuyembekezera ife titatha unadzaza thanki mafuta amadziwa kuti ngakhale tili anawatsimikizira kuti izi ndi mafuta abwino.

Kodi muyenera kudziwa kuti apewe mavuto chikugwirizana ndi Tinapita ku "cholakwika" mafuta? Kuyamba kupenda zinthu zokhudza khalidwe la mafuta: ndi octeni chiwerengero (mafuta antiknock muyeso), ndi Launcher, antchito ndi mapeto tuzigawo twa soda zili muyeso, zidulo, mankhwala organic, etc ...

Ngakhale kuti pali maganizo kuti si nthawi zonse mafuta kuwasindikiza mafuta aposa amene kuzindikira mfundo pang'ono odziwika, madalaivala ambiri funso lokhudza "mafuta bwino" pa limene mafuta okwerera amagulitsa akakumana, zimene ngati Nkhono, "Rosneft", ena untwisted siteshoni.

Pamene si koyenera chakumwa chamandimu

Kodi mukudziwa za momwe ikuyendera polojekiti wa khalidwe mafuta? Omvera malamulo eni lililonse refueling kusonyeza poyera zikalata wapadera. Ndikufuna kukhulupirira: chenicheni, monga kwalembedwa. Mwatsoka, zochitika zimasonyeza kuti si nthawi zonse boma deta satifiketi lodalirika kuwala. Amafuna zofunikira womwewo wa mafuta 80 ndi 95 sangakhale - kanjedza magulu zosiyana.

Pamaso tikukamba za pa mpweya aliyense okwerera kugulitsa wapamwamba kwambiri mafuta, ndi mlingo kafukufuku, ogula. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi TH 95, wamng'ono wotchuka - 76th. Ndipo chinachitika nchiyani? Kuganiza kuti anthu ena ogwira ntchito gasi anaphunzira malangizo a Dale Carnegie "Ngati tsoka wakupatsani ndimu - kupanga chakumwa chamandimu" panjira chawo chololera kutumikira. Kugwiritsa otchedwa zowonjezera kwa dizilo (enhancers), ali ku 76 TH "mandimu" kuchita chirichonse chimene inu mukuchifuna, ku 95th "burande".

Pa osakaniza izi n'ngwokayikitsa ntchito chiwerengero chachikulu cha magalimoto kudutsa dziko. Makamaka zoipa kwa improvers galimoto, poyamba anawonjezera kuti zipangizo imene mafuta wapangidwa. Komabe, si onse "shoals" milu zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo pa chikumbumtima cha bongo mafuta. Mwachitsanzo, ndi octeni chiwerengero cha mafuta akugwa, ngati awasungira motalika kwambiri. Izi kumawonjezera phula zili (chifukwa kuwonjezera pa ndende ya chimasanduka mafuta).

kukayikira bwenzi

Kodi si kuphonya ndi kusankha okwerera petulo? njira zambiri. Choyamba kufunsa anthu amene analinso mukuganiza cholinga ndi woonamtima (anzanga, anzawo, achibale). Ngakhale osiyanasiyana izi yopapatiza wa maganizo osiyanasiyana, mukhoza kugwira vekitala kanthu, tinkapeza tanthauzo lake. Kwambiri apamwamba ndi mtundu wokhulupirika ku Russia mu 2016 ndi :. "Lukoil", "Gazprom Neft", wa Nkhono, "TNK" Koma, mwinamwake, izo okhawo pakati?

Amakhulupirira kuti, mu dziko lakwathu, mukhoza kuzindikira kuti mafuta lomwe lili ndi mbiri mkulu ogula likulu la, amagulitsa mafuta, sakugwirizana ndi khalidwe. Kodi kuchita mu nkhani iyi? Interviews ndi m'deralo pakati ziziyenda kumene iwo amakonda kudzatumikiridwa. Kapena kulipenya "khalidwe" magalimoto ndi manambala m'deralo. Pa zina zopangira m'posavuta - izo nzoona.

suoneka wina: cheerleaders kwambiri ntchito mawu omveka "mwanaalirenji", "umafunika" mu mndandanda mtengo pamalopa mafuta. Kumbukirani kuti splurge malonda nthawi yathu, amatha onse. Yang'anani kwa kudzichepetsa pang'ono: chikuni dzina popanda "zipinda zazikulu zokhala." Kotero anapereka katundu kumene palibe kusonyeza kuti ndi khalidwe ndi kutsimikiziridwa.

mafuta pasipoti

Pa zimene gasi kwambiri apamwamba mafuta? Ndemanga za anthu nthawi zina pang'ono (nthawizina kwambiri) sinthanani kumvera pa kulankhula. Mwachitsanzo, mu mbali yabwino atatu Nkhono kampani. Akukhulupirira kuti mankhwala ndi wochezeka (limafanana Yuro 4 mfundo) Malamulo anakumana kupanga GOST. Kachitidwe mafuta sicikhala codetsedwa. Koma mukhoza kumva kuti Nkhono (ndi "TNK"), zina, ndikukhazikitsa mafuta si kusungidwa pa minda lozizira thanki (eni zipangizo yosungirako sbagrivayut abwenzi, kuziyika izo modekha, si).

Choncho, chidwi, cholinga, ndi chidwi kamodzinso. Kuyendera dera ogula pamalopa gasi, kuyang'ana pasipoti mafuta. Ngati nkhunizo bwino, ali ndi chikalata osiyana. Werengani izo, ngati ndondomeko izi zinachitikadi monga GOST kapena pa maziko a specifications luso. Unikani chitetezo chilengedwe, kuona dzina la Mlengi-fakitale.

mafuta akhoza anatsirizika pasipoti (ogwira masiku 10). Chiwerengerochi choyambirira cha mapeto a nthawi ino ndi kuchepetsedwa, khalidwe la mafuta kugwa. Sangachitire dala, musati kugula pa mafuta goryuchku pamaso yodziwa deta pasipoti. Pamene mtundu chikalata si - ichi ndi chizindikiro cha zoipa chikhulupiriro wogulitsa.

Musati kuthamangitsa, dalaivala, chifukwa cheapness!

Pafupifupi dalaivala chachiwiri munayamba mwaganizapo kumene kugula zodula mafuta. Ndizomveka ndithu chilakolako. Koma nditaima pa kudzazidwa ndi mankhwala "pa mtengo wololera", ndikuganiza kuti: GOST silingakhale chosavuta, ndipo chopangidwa monga Lachiwiri ndithu n'chothandiza kwambiri kwa galimoto yanu. chilengedwe khalidwe ndi analandira zochepa okhwima.

Podziwa kuti m'malo ogulitsira gasi ndi wapamwamba kwambiri mafuta, ndithudi, mphamvu. Koma tizikumbukira kuti m'mizinda ikuluikulu ya onyenga ndi zosaoneka mafuta ndi zochepa, kutali kwambiri kukhalabe maso poyera. Komanso, pa mafuta sabata aposa kumapeto kwa sabata ndi maholide.

Chongani khalidwe. Maonekedwe a madzi flammable, kuvota mtundu. Pali mitundu chakupha - kusewera izo otetezeka, musati mudzaze thanki mafuta, ngakhale mtengo ndi kumuyesa.

Za mtundu. Akatswiri amanena kuti A-72, nauka, pa A 76 - Yellow, kuchokera 93rd - lalanje-wofiira, 95th akufanana COLOR chapamimba madzi (chikasu wonyezimira). Ngakhale kuti pali anthu amene amaona kuti nthawi zina zimaoneka ngati chakumwa chamandimu "Duchess" ndi kukayikira khalidwe.

Kodi fungo?

Pali cheke kukhudza. Izi zachitika mwa kukapanda kuleka mafuta pa dzanja (kumbuyo mbali ndi womvera). khungu wouma? Inu anasankha mwanzeru. kuda aliwonse kukhalabe? Lekani! The dizilo anawonjezera kuposa khalidwe yafupika. zosasangalatsa kwambiri fungo - komanso chizindikiro vuto mafuta. Ziziyenda anakumana ndi atsopano tcheru modetsa nkhawa pamene kugwira fungo la mphira zopsereza ndi zimapangidwira.

Izi nsonga angakuthandizeni kuzindikira otsika khalidwe sukulu ya mafuta, koma si wangwiro njira yoyesera zinthu. Pali nkhani mankhwala, amene akhoza kuchitika kunyumba. Mayeso mankhwala udzathiridwa mu galasi m'tambula ndipo adamsunga. Pansi pa madipoziti mwaye inakhazikitsidwa? Izi zikusonyeza kuti mafuta limayenda ndi mpweya kapena benzene.

Ngati inu kutenga chidutswa cha pepala ndi kuvala izo dontho la mafuta, unangokwaniritsidwa asanduke nthunzi, osauka khalidwe - adzasiya ndi aliwonse ndi zauve njira. Ngati inu kuwotcha dontho - lamoto oyera popanda kufufuza, kapena kani, adzakhalabe woyera bwalo. Pamaso pa zofiirira ndi chikasu kumasonyeza owonjezera utomoni. Makamaka oyendetsa maso ayamba kuphunzira mafuta ankadya galimoto ankakonda mu Laboratories wapadera.

Tipitirize ayese

Kuti labu ndipo sizinawakhudze? Khalani zatsopano munthu: kuona mmene khalidwe dontho la mafuta pa galasi? "Guinea" unaturuka awiri ndi 5 mm? Motero, anthu ambiri resins m'menemo 9-10 mamiligalamu pa 100 Botolo (muyezo mafuta khalidwe - 7-15 mg).

Kuthyoka 30 millimeters? resins zili kuposa nufikira mamiligalamu za 19 mpaka 21 pa Botolo zana. Permanent owonjezera chithunzi ichi ndi theka amachepetsa utali wamoyo ndi 20%.

Pa kuchuluka kwa madzi mu mayeso mafuta. Kuwonjezera beseni ndi timibulu mafuta a permanganate potaziyamu. Ngati zikuchokera adzatero ambiri wofiirira - pali H2O owonjezera. Qualitatively, timibulu musati kupasuka mafuta. Madzi mafuta kutsogolera ankavala mapulagi, kuipitsanso zida mafuta.

Wokongola mawu "ariometr"

Kanitelno? Ndi nzeru kuphunzira mmene kuzindikira bwino khalidwe mafuta mu Russia limene othirira mafuta kupeza kuti zambiri. Anthu ambiri amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zapakhomo mafuta n'zotsimikizira (ariometrom). Kumene, kudalira lolondola deta analandira ndi izo, sikuthandiza. Koma ngati mukufuna nadzawasankhula "tirigu ndi mankhusu" ndi chimatanthauza mafuta ndi dizilo mafuta, ndi ariometr - zimene mukufuna. Mutazindikira vuto ndi mafuta kukatenga nthawi diagnostics akatswiri galimoto.

Pankhani zoyendera kuwonongeka ndi kukonza chifukwa kulowetsedwa zosalongosoka, ndi zasayansi mfundo za mafuta otsika-quality, angatanthauze Utumiki Federal (odzipereka kwa kutetezedwa kwa ufulu ogula ') ndi ofunsira reimbursement wa mtengo wa kubweretsa makina boma ntchito.

TOP-10

Kufufuza, pomwe pali wapamwamba kwambiri 95 mafuta pa okwerera aliyense gasi, ena ziziyenda kuchita ndemanga, akudutsa pa expanses wa Russia. kuyesera anasonyeza kuti zitsanzo eyiti zili sulfure akwaniritsa zofunikira za Maphunziro 4 (a angapo amene ali pafupi ndi wachisanu), awiri anasonyeza kalasi lachitatu (tikulankhula zili sulfure). Choncho onse zachisoni. Ngati simuli a kwa Pamadzi kuti imafunika kuthiridwa mafuta, musati titsatire cheapness, muli mwayi uliwonse kudzaza wamakhalidwe 95 m, mu ngodya chilichonse dziko ndiribe anayamba wanderlust.

Praise "Gazpromneft" zopangidwa "Kirishi mafuta" (mayesero kupereka khola zabwino). The woyamba ali awiri zomera - mu Moscow ndi Yaroslavl, onse chitsimikizo mankhwala khalidwe.

Ngakhale anthu amene pachikhalidwe mu "pamwamba khumi mtima» :, Nkhono ndi odziwika kampani "TNK", "Rosneft". Bwino kuti ambiri "TNK-BP", "Neste". AZS zopangidwa awa motengera mafuta zoweta (kupatulapo - pa 98-TH mafuta). Koma samalani: pa malo olakwika, kapena "ayi pa nthawi ino" akhoza anakumana ndi mfundo za zikusiyana wa kufunika ndi leni - madandaulo pa khalidwe la makasitomala ali.

German ndipo Russian khalidwe

Pali gulu laling'ono "Statoil" ndi lalikulu, odziwika, koma osati ankakonda "PTK" ogula. Nazo kunja mndandanda wa pafupifupi khalidwe "Tatneft" (sakhala ndi thanki munda) ndi "Bashneft" (pali m'munsi). Iwo agawidwa pakati pa mpando 10. Poganizira kuti adziwe lonse, pali Center Mayiko kwa Kuphonya Division kwa khalidwe mafuta. Akukhulupirira kuti wabwino mu dziko la mafuta amagulitsidwa Germany. Mu malo chachiwiri Japan, wachitatu - mayiko asanu, kuphatikizapo Austria, Estonia, Finland ndi Hungary, Sweden.

Nchiyani, khalidwe la mafuta, pamalopa ndi mpweya umapezeka? Funso ndi m'malo losafuna. Ena amakhulupirira kuti m'pofunika kutsatira mfundo za "mafuta chimodzi - sewerolo wina". Ena amakhulupirira kuti n'zotheka kutsatira okwerera osiyana, malingana ngati iwo anali kuwasindikiza. Enanso amati yaing'ono mafuta ndipo inu mukhoza otovaritsya mkulu mafuta quality, ndi mwanaalirenji kuwuluka. Iwo okha kugwirizana!

Zikuoneka wanzeru kwambiri kuposa iwo Sali kuyang'ana yankho lomveka ku funso la pa zimene gasi kwambiri apamwamba mafuta. Kumvetsa nkhaniyo. Ndipo inu nthawizonse kupeza galimoto chofunika padziko expanses zedi Russia.