Oyambitsa misala ndi mwana: Zizindikiro, Matendawa ndi Chithandizo

Oyambitsa misala ndi matenda ndi wamba. Iwo matenda osati akulu komanso ana. ndicho matenda chiyani? Yankho la funso limeneli Sizikudziwika kuti makolo ambiri. akatswiri yekha akudziwa chikhalidwe cha matenda. Choncho, akuchita misala mwana, zizindikiro, matenda ndi mankhwala a matenda - mitu yomwe ifunika kufufuza.

Akuchita misala: mawu olembedwa akuti, ndi kufalikira kwa matenda

Pamwamba mawuwa amanena za matenda ubongo. Pamene pali kuoneka zizindikiro akuchita misala: khalidwe la munthu ndiponso ntchito maganizo ndi makutu. Poyamba, matenda otchedwa matenda a ubongo misala, misala. Mu 1896, Kraepelin anayamba kutsatira mfundo matenda a "maganizo praecox". Only kuyambira 1911 anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "akuchita misala" chifukwa cha E. Bleuler.

Akuchita misala, ngati Kafukufuku amasonyeza, amadwala zosachepera 1% ya anthu a padziko lathuli. Pafupifupi 10% ya nambala - ndi ana. Iwo matenda angayambe pa mibadwo yosiyana. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, akatswiri m'magulu a matenda:

• akuchita misala makanda ndi sukulu;
• zaka akuchita misala sukulu;
• mwana akuchita misala.

Zimayambitsa akuchita misala ana

Malingaliro a akatswiri amakono kuti zimayambitsa matenda potengera chitsanzo cha kutengera za ndi nkhawa. Malinga ndi izo mbali yaikulu ankaimba ndi mogwirizana ndi zoteteza kutengera za ndi nkhawa zinthu mu citukuko. Kutengera za zikuphatikizapo:

• jini kutengerapo, chifukwa limene mwana akhoza kuyamba matenda;
• njira pathological mu chapakati mantha dongosolo;
• pakalibe zinthu zofunika kuphunzira.

Stressors - zochitika kuti azidwala matenda akutukuka monga akuchita misala mwana. Zizindikiro kaŵirikaŵiri amawonekera chifukwa imfa ya wachibale. Zinthu zoipa mulinso magwero a maganizo aakulu. Mwachitsanzo - pa kuzunzidwa kwa mwana. Dziwani kuti kutengera za kumtundu si nthawi zonse kukhala akuchita misala. Matendawa amapezeka pamene kukhudzana mokwanira amphamvu kutsindika mfundo ndi malinga munthu alibe chuma chokwanira kupewa matenda.

Makamaka oyambitsa misala ndi zaka sukulu oyambirira

Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti pafupifupi 69% ya makanda ndi ana sukulu, matenda kunayamba kale zaka 3. Oyambitsa misala ndi mwana zaka 2 zakubadwa mwina kuonekera. Mu 26% ya ana kukhala matenda a zaka 3 ndi 5. Ana matenda amawapeza mu zaka 5-8. Akuchita misala nthawi zambiri wapezeka anyamata. Atsikana kawirikawiri takumana ndi vuto limeneli.

Akuchita misala oyambirira ndi zaka sukulu lagawidwa njira zosiyanasiyana:

• enieni a khansa;
• mosalekeza progredient;
• waulesi.

Zilonda panopa mawonekedwe mu m'badwo woyambirira ndi chisanadze sukulu

Mu zaka 1,5-2 anayamba kukhala akuchita misala ngati mwana. Zizindikiro monga kuchepa mphamvu ya ntchito zamatsenga, kuchepetsa chidwi pa masewera, kutha kwa kuika mtima ndi wofuna kulankhula. Wodwala ikutha kuchereza okha ndi zidole. nyama yake ndi wonyong'onya ikulendewera, pogogoda sanali Masewero zinthu (zidutswa za chitsulo, timitengo, zingwe).

Kwinakwake mu chaka chotupa chija otaya umakhala kutchulidwa. Ana salinso kuyankha mafunso, samva kupatukana. masewera awo akukhala zambiri zikusowa. Ana makutu zithunzi kuzindikira, pali mantha. Patapita zaka zingapo boma la ana odwala pang'ono kusintha. Amachepetsa kukula kwa zizindikiro anati Muzisamala kutha malemeredwe ndi mantha, kugona bwino. Exacerbation wa akuchita misala zambiri amapezeka mu mavuto, m'badwo wachiwiri, mu zaka 7-8.

Mosalekeza ndi kupata mawonekedwe adakali ndi sukulu

Pakuti mawonekedwe akuchita misala yodziwika ndi maonekedwe a zizindikiro za matenda pa zaka 5-9. Ana, pali kukayikirana ndiponso kusakhulupirirana. Iwo akhoza kusiya ubwenzi ndi ana ena, kukangana kuti adzachotsa zidole onse. Nthawi zina, pali maganizo openga poyerekezera ndi makolo.

Pamene mosalekeza ana progredient akhoza kupanga zokha kukhumbira. Pamene matenda kuoneka kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo zithunzi ndi Makutu. Likugwirizana ndi zimene zimachitika akagona.

Waulesi mawonekedwe a munthu akuchita misala mu m'badwo woyambirira ndi chisanadze sukulu

Kodi kuzindikira akuchita misala mu mwana, moyenda mu fomu iyi? Matendawa amayamba pa zaka 3-4 ya mavuto. chikuoneka chikwiyire ndi zinthu psychogenic monga kulekana mayi ndi bambo, kusintha zinthu. Matenda mwana akufotokozera pang'onopang'ono. Pang'onopang'ono mpaka kusanduka bwalo chikhalidwe. Mwanayo anakumana okha ndi ana payekha. kuchepa amenewa anafotokoza chifukwa kufunika kulankhula.

Pakuti akuchita misala zambiri waulesi amakhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• kusafuna kudya;
• mlingo kuphwanya mau;
• matenda tulo;
• unmotivated mantha kugwirizana ndi nthano ndi kukhumbira, amene ndiye zambiri imautsa maonekedwe a malingaliro kuzunzidwa.

Makolo a mwanayo chitatha mosavuta. Ana ena musalole mayi awo ndi abambo, koma khalidwe iwo kokha chifukwa cha mantha nawo. Nthawi zina, ana kusonyeza zizindikiro monga nkhanza, njiru, kupsa mtima zankhanza.

Makamaka akuchita misala ana a zaka sukulu

Features wa chithunzi maganizo oyambitsa misala ana a zaka sukulu kuti matenda kumachitika mosadziwa ndipo pang'onopang'ono. Odwala ena, pali mantha osiyanasiyana. Ana nkhawa moyo wawo ndi thanzi la makolo. Poyamba, chochitika ndikhoza kulungamitsidwa. Ndiye iwo anataya tanthauzo lake ndi kumphatikiza ndi zochitika iliyonse. ana kutaya chidwi kuphunzira, masewera, kuoneka maganizo onyenga za chikoka cha mizimu.

Ana ena, matenda ndi osiyana. Mukupanga nkhambakamwa zawo dziko, amene otchulidwa zithunzi za. Odwala amizidwa m'maganizo awo kwathunthu, chinachake kunong'ona grimace, molimba kusinthana kwa zochitika zenizeni. ana awa kusewera yekha, kufunika kwa ena kuti iwo ankatchedwa aliases.

Makamaka achinyamata akuchita misala

Nthawi zina, pali zofunika kuti pakutchulidwa matendawa. Iwo akuimilira ndi khalidwe chotheka, khalidwe osadziŵika, maganizo kapena nkhani wosangalala monyanyira. A chikhalidwe ofanana mu makanda chimakhala cha masiku angapo kuti milungu ingapo.

Pambuyo zofunika akuchita misala ku achinyamata kumayambika ndi kukangana kwambiri ndi anzawo, zoipa ndi makolo, kuyesera chiwawa. The matenda chifukwa ndi osiyana. Ena achepetsa ntchito, kutha zofuna ndi kukula matenda a maganizo ndi volitional. Ena amaoneka obsessive mantha, maganizo, zikhumbo.

Matenda a matenda ndi mfundo ICD-10

Matenda "akuchita misala" mayeso amene akhoza kuchitika zasayansi ndipo izo pa matenda kuphunzira. Matendawa amapangidwa ndi madokotala ndi nkhani ya muyezo wa ICD-10 (mayiko gulu la Matenda younikanso 10). Malinga ndi iwo, matenda kale osachepera 2 zizindikiro (zizindikiro za otsiriza 5 m'munsimu) kapena 1 bwino chizindikiro (a woyamba Tags zinayi):

• soundless kubwerezabwereza maganizo mmutu mwanga;
• onyenga amaonera;
• Makutu kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, maonekedwe a mawu zakunja mutu wanga kuti kambilanani kapena ndemanga pa khalidwe la wodwalayo;
• zinyengo;
• kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo mukusowa m'munda wanu uliwonse, limodzi ndi osakhazikika kapena ayi zinyengo athanzi popanda zili bwino maganizo kapena malingaliro kulimbikira overvalued;
• chinang'ambika mawu amene adzasowe lolingalira;
• pamaso pa matenda monga oipa, chisangalalo, kupanda mayankho a mafunso, stupor, negativism;
• posintha makhalidwe, kusowa chidwi mu dziko ndi kulankhula ndi anthu ena, kudzipatula;
• pamaso pa zizindikiro zoipa monga mphwayi, osayenera kapena umphawi maganizo, achire chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe wosabereka.

matenda masiyanidwe

Akuchita misala ku achinyamata ndi ana aang'ono kumawonetsera zizindikiro chotero, chomwe ndi chibadidwe matenda ena ambiri, choncho muyenera matenda masiyanidwe. The akatswiri ntchito ndi kulamulira mu kukhalapo kwa somatic, ubongo ndi organic matenda okhudza ubongo, poizoni m'thupi.

Ngati mwana ali akuchita misala kuti makolo? Adziwona katswiri kuti kupeza mayendedwe kufufuza zonse zachipatala, kuphatikizapo:

• anayendera;
• ambiri ndi amuzolengedwa MAGAZI;
• urinalysis;
• ECG;
• kuphimba kwa mankhwala ndi maphunziro ena (ngati n'koyenera).

Malangizo chithandizo

"Akuchita misala" matenda ndi kufunika chiwembu chakale mankhwala. Pamafunikanso zinthu zotsatirazi:

• pachimake chithandizo;
• wosasunthika (dolechivatsya) mankhwala;
• yokonza mankhwala.

Cholinga cha mankhwala pachimake - Kupha zizindikiro (zinyengo, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, matenda psychomotor). Mu mankhwala ntchito antipsychotics - mankhwala psychotropic. Pamene mankhwala ofunika akapatsidwa mankhwala omwe ntchito mu gawo loyamba ndipo anali ndi zotsatira zabwino. Neuroleptic ntchito pa mlingo m'munsi kuthetsa zizindikiro. mankhwala wothandiza imagwiridwa ndi mankhwala yemweyo, amene inathetsedwa zizindikiro za matenda, koma Mlingo wocheperako kwambiri kuti mupewe zisadzachitikenso a kumwa.

Mavuto mankhwala ndi kufunika chithandizo psychosocial

Matenda "akuchita misala" - matenda aakulu. Zoneneratu yaitali chifukwa ambiri odwala ali bwino. Komabe, chifukwa mankhwala antipsychotic n'zotheka kukwaniritsa kusintha kwa odwala. Mu mankhwala a akuchita misala ana antipsychotics ankagwiritsa ntchito. Zotsatira za mankhwala pa thupi mwanayo si bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala akhoza amayambitsa zotsatira zina zoyipa. Choncho, mankhwala - osati ndondomeko otetezedwa, koma sangapereke pa iye.

Kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala psychotropic - chimodzi mwa zinthu amachitira matenda. Mbali yachiwiri ndi kufunika kwa mankhwala woyenera. Zikuphatikizapo kuphunzira chikhalidwe luso, phukusi zokhudza banja, kuwayika odwala kusukulu zapadera.

Pomaliza, ndi Dziwani kuti akuchita misala mwana, zizindikiro zimene zosiyana - ndi zambiri matenda otengera kwa makolo. Komabe, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti si milandu onse a mapasa monozygotic pa kubadwa kwa ana onse adwale ndi akuchita misala. Izi zikugwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti Mwina pakuwonekera kwake zimakhudza majini osati. Pamene zizindikiro za akuchita misala mukufuna kuwona dotolo. Matenda amafuna diagnostics (ndi matenda "akuchita misala" mayeso wapadera si imachitika kwa zasayansi, chithunzi matenda ndi n'komwe, amadandaula adzakhala magazi ndi mkodzo mayesero, maphunziro amaikidwa). matendawa amafuna yaitali mankhwala ndi ntchito odana ndi mankhwala pambuyo kuchotsa zizindikiro zilipo.