Owolowa manja Party unali chiyani? Mapangidwe zipani

Mu tsarist Russia anali Osaumira Party wa Constitutional Democrats, kapena, mu mawonekedwe chidule, ndi Cadets. Mu State Duma oyambirira XX atumwi inali kuperekedwa ndi mabungwe andale ndi pulogalamu yofanana. Mwachitsanzo, chinali "Union of October 17".

Zikamera maphwando aufulu

Mu 1905, akadzagonjetsedwa Russia mu nkhondo Japan, panali woyamba Russian zisinthe. Nicholas II sanathe kupondereza ndi mphamvu, iye anali kupereka adani ake. October 17, 1905 anapereka Ndondomeko, malinga ndi zimene Russian Ufumu anakhazikitsa State Duma.

mphamvu zandale, otsutsa ndiye ufumu potsiriza mwayi zinthu m'munda malamulo. Zinali mu 1905, panali weniweni demokalase bungwe.

Cadets

Pakati pamagulu anatuluka anali owolowa manja Constitutional Democratic Party (monga ankatchedwa Anthu Ufulu Party). Zochita za maonekedwe a m'gulu anatengedwa mu July 1905 pa msonkhano wotsatira wa zemstvos. Choncho, chipani m'gulu anthu amene poyamba anali mu mizinda yambiri zigawo. Iwo kuposa munthu, anali pafupi miyoyo ya anthu wamba amene ankakhala m'mizinda ya Russian Ufumu.

Msonkhano woyamba unachitikira ku Moscow mu October 1905. Mpandowachifumu Choyamba pa nthawi panali kunyanyala misa, kunyanyala antchito ntchito zoyendera ndipo ngakhale kumenyana. Mu zikhalidwe yovuta ndipo anayamba ntchito zawo Cadets. Party mtsogoleri Paulo Miliukov anasankhidwa - amadziwika publicist ndi mbiri yakale.

Constitutional Democratic oponya voti

Popeza Osaumira Party anali Cadets, oponya voti yake inkakhala luntha ndi otchuka Zemsky, yodziwika ndi kupata maganizo ovomereza-Western. Bungwe lokha wapangidwa oimira bourgeoisie m'tauni, aphunzitsi, madokotala ndi ena nzika. Ngati owolowa manja zipani ndi SR, izo udzakhala angakuthandizeni la Constitutional Democrats. Koma Social-boma ankasiyana leftist. Kuti iwo anasonkhana pamodzi ndi antchito. Ndi ichi chinali chogwirizana kutchuka otsika wa Cadets m'malo proletarian.

Komanso, Milyukov anabadwa kuchokera pachiyambi linakhalapo, wayika zowoneka ake pa chinachake, kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo kudzera njira aphungu ndi wololera akuluakulu. Ngati gawo la ogwira ntchito mu 1905, ndipo anathandiza gulu la mu nthawi iye anapita kwa Nazi kapena Bolsheviks.

Owolowa manja Cadet Party anali, kotero iye anathandiza February utasintha. Zinali mu 1917, anakumana pachimake. chiwerengero cha anthu kuti alowe gululi, kuchuluka kangapo. Miliukov anaikidwa nduna ya nkhani zakunja kwa Russian Provisional boma.

pulogalamu Cadet

Constitutional Democratic pulogalamu m'gulu chakale owolowa manja maphwando zinthu. Iwo ankanena Kuyanjana pakathi pa Russia mosasamala chipembedzo, mtundu komanso jenda. Milyukov ndi gulu lake kuti n'kofunikira kutero kuli ufulu woyankhula, chikumbumtima, atolankhani, kucheza ndi msonkhano. Ambiri amafuna izi chidachitika pambuyo 1905 zisinthe. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha malo ake Milyukova mbali zionetsero zimene boma anabwela pa nduna yaikulu Petra Stolypina.

Ndipotu Cadet Party - Osaumira Democratic Party. Malingaliro a m'gulu, makamaka, muli mfundo othandiza konsekonse. Komanso, Constitutional Democrats anali mokomera ufulu wa tanthauzo mtundu wa magulu osiyanasiyana a ufumuwo. Zinali mfundo lakuthwa kwambiri wa pulogalamu, chifukwa iwo akadali sichinayambe anaika funso Polish. Aliyense Osaumira Democratic Party ndi mwina chofunika Choyamba la milandu palokha. Cadet anali kwambiri akatswiri malamulo ndi maloya. Izi zipangitsa kuti onse akufuna ngongole maphwando ankasiyana mwatsatanetsatane ndi kukonzekera.

mbali Socialist za pulogalamu ya Constitutional Democrats anasonyeza m'ndime pa kumayambiriro 8 maola onse antchito. Pafupifupi onse mabungwe mu State Duma anali mu mgwirizano ndi lamulo limeneli. Choncho, lamulo latsopano ntchito kwenikweni amutenge pamene mphamvu wachifumu.

Mapeto a chipani

Usiku wa October kuukira boma, ndi Cadets, mtumiki kale mu Provisional boma, amugwira. Kenako mu ndende anali ena otchuka kanjedza chipani onse, Kupatula amene anakwanitsa kuthawa dziko. Ena mwa anthu anamangidwa anali kutsogolo mpirawo pa Civil nkhondo.

Koma ngakhale mu November 1917, Cadets amayenera kutenga nawo mbali pa chisankho ku Assembly Constituent. Iwo ali nazo zochuluka za mavoti, popeza anali yekha lalikulu odana Bolshevik mphamvu. Democrats Constitutional amapereka ngakhale otsutsa kale (kupatula kumanzere kwakukulu). Komabe, December 12, 1917 Bungwe la Commissars Anthu anazindikira Cadets 'Party adani a anthu. " bungwe inaletsedwa. Cadet mtsogoleri Milyukov anatha kuthawa Russia. Iye anafa mu France mu 1943.

Octo chipani

gulu lina zofunika zina zolimbitsa maphwando bwino-mapiko ndi Osaumira Democratic Party Octo. kumuthandiza anali amalonda olemera ndi nzika lalikulu. dzina Party anali kutchula October 17, 1905 - tsiku la kusaina Manifesto, amene wapereka kwambiri ufulu pamene woyamba Russian zisinthe.

Mutu wa bungwe anali Alexander Guchkov. Mu 1910-1911 gg. Iye anali wapampando wa State Duma III. Mu Provisional boma mtsogoleri Octo analandira mbiri ya Mtumiki wa nkhondo ndi Bulu. Pa ulimi wa 1905-1906. chipani munali anthu 75 sauzande. The Union of October 17 anali nyuzipepala yake "Liwu la Moscow".

ogwirizana boma

M'nthawi ya awiri State Dumas octo zinali pang'ono (16 ndi 43 motero). The yojambula anadza chipani pambuyo June 3, 1907 kukonzedwa lamulo visola. Kusintha chepetse chiwerengero cha Nazi mu yamalamulo ndi. Mu malo awo anabwera zambiri Octo, amene chiwerengero wafika 154. kutchuka kwambiri wa chipanichi chifukwa chakuti zimatengera malo zolimbitsa nakhala chinthu kukondera chikhalidwe.

Octo ku kachitidwe kakale, kwambiri kuposa Cadets. Pa akuluakulu a Guchkov anadalira Pyotr Stolypin, pamene boma anayesa kukankha mwa Duma kusodza osatchuka koma zofunika kukonza. Woyamba convocations awiri a State Duma anali mokakamiza inasokonekera chifukwa monga aphungu anthu ambiri anali Nazi ndipo anasiya kupanga malamulo.

Ngati ufulu ndi chipani cha ndale cha RSDLP, iye akanakhala anapereka komanso. Koma Bolsheviks kuyambira pachiyambi sanali Nazi kokha, komanso ntchito njira chosintha za kulimbana ndi boma. Octo ankafunanso kuti abweretse kusintha njira yamtendere, kuyesetsa mapangano ndi boma.

kugawanika Octo

Mu 1913 panali kugawanika pakati pa mbali ya Guchkov. Popeza Osaumira ndi chipani cha ndale cha Octobrists, ophunzira ake wakhala zofunika kwambiri kulemekeza ufulu wa anthu ku Russia. Koma pambuyo Russian zisinthe choyamba, boma wapita miyeso reactionary adani awo zachizoloŵezi. Octo anaonekera mwa gulu limene linatuluka kuthetsa kutsutsidwa. Nkhani yosainidwa ndi boma mlandu chophwanya ufulu wa Russia.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, chipani anagaŵanika magulu atatu mu State Duma. Panali phiko kumanzere lotsogoleredwa ndi Guchkov ndi ufulu Zemstvo-Octobrists, amene mtsogoleri Mikhail Rodzianko. Komanso olekanitsidwa ndi kagulu ka ziwanga palokha. Party mavuto anayamba. Iye anatseka nyuzipepala "Liwu la Moscow" mu 1915. anasiya msonkhano Komiti ya Central. Choncho, Octo mbisoweka kuchokera kumunda andale a dziko patsogolo ulimi ndi Chisinthiko cha Bolshevik. Phiko kumanzere a chipani adalowa ndi Progressive Bloc. Atsogoleri ena akale Octo otchuka kanjedza andale a Russia mpaka chilimwe cha 1917.