Ogula anthu - ndichiyani? Features & ntchito

Ambiri a ife kamodzi pa moyo wake anakumana ndi lingaliro la "ogula anthu". Kodi izo Komabe, sadziwa aliyense, ndi kulowa mu gulu chimodzimodzi ambiri zikuoneka m'malo n'ngwokayikitsa chisankho.

Ogula anthu (amandimvera) - sanali phindu gulu anapanga zofunika zakuthupi anthu ake. Izo zikhoza kukhala chirichonse: chakudya, utumiki, zinthu zenizeni.

Akamanena za ntchito ogula co-kugwira ntchito ndi yosavuta. Gulu la anthu amene akufuna kupeza mankhwala ena, kupereka zopereka, zomwe zimapangitsa zipangizo kupanga, ndi chotsirizidwa analandira. bajeti bungwe ndiye kudzadza okha likuvutika ophunzira magawo.

Ubwino nawo mu ogula anthu

Anthu amene ali ndi mayanjano zofanana, makamaka chidwi ubwino chuma. Katundu kupanga mgwirizano, kugulitsidwa anthu ake mu aang'ono ndalama zambiri kuposa mankhwala ofanana pa msika, ndi kulembetsa ofunda ndi kulamulira khalidwe. chakuti msonkho - mfundo ndi malonda, ogula anthu osaika malonda awo pa malonda, choncho yopanga zinthu ndi yotsika mtengo.

Zogulitsa a katundu bungwe si chofunika kupeza kalata iliyonse, kudali mitundu yonse ya mayeso. Activities Association ndi wankhanza bwalo - mamembala a kugula m'dera zonse muyenera kubala, ndipo mulandire katundu. Chopangidwa mankhwala palibe mu sitolo ndipo musalowe msika. Nthawi zina anthu a anthu osati kupanga ndalama, komanso nawo ndondomeko za ulimi, umene analandira malipiro yachibadwa.

Popular mitundu ya cooperatives

Ngakhale kuti dzina la "ogula anthu" zikumveka yosowa kwambiri, mabungwe amenewa kupeza zovuta. Pa malonda mabungwe kunadetsa anapeza mawu akuti "mukupanga", koma nthawi zambiri mtundu wa bungwe si anasonyeza konse.

Kuyambira ogula wathu mwachizolowezi magulu tingaone nyumba ndi Villa cooperatives yomanga. Anthu zonse kulipira ndalama zina, umene kwa ogulidwa ndi dera zakuthupi ndi ntchito, ndipo anthu ambiri nyumba pambuyo yomanga nyumba.

Ndi ngongole zachilendo, ulimi, chakudya ndi cooperatives zina ogula. Ena a iwo wofuna kwambiri ndi kupereka timapangira osiyanasiyana zosowa.

Bungwe la ogula anthu

mamembala co-uthenga ulalikidwa amatchedwa ma sheya hoda. Iwo akhoza kukhala nzika wamba kapena mabizinesi, mabungwe alamulo. Waukulu bungwe lolamulira la ogula mgwirizano ndi msonkhano onse, yomwe ikufotokoza zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Pakati pa milandu lizigwira bungwe ndi gulu la ogula anthu. Komanso, kaphatikizidwe kulenga thupi omwe amalamulira ntchito atumiki a zipani mgwirizano, kuthandiza muzindikire ndi kuthetsa zolakwa pa zochitika zawo.

Ogula anthu angalenge zosiyanasiyana mabungwe kusintha kupanga dzuwa. Ngati ma sheya hoda moyo m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana, malo ena nthambi mukupanga analengedwa. Komabe, mndandanda wa mabungwe nthumwi analenga si - anthu zambiri kuyikapo gulu patsogolo miyezo ya moyo wa anthu ake. Kugwirizana munthu analengedwa Mwachitsanzo, sukulu, okhoza nawo lililonse shareholder.

yodalirika ntchito wa kampani

Ufulu wa anthu a m'gulu la ndiotetezedwa ndi malamulo a boma latsopano la Russia. The wopambana kwambiri ndi lamulo cooperatives, malamulo amene ayenera kutsata kulikonse ogula. Chimene icho chiri, zigawo zake ndi nkhani gululi m'nkhani chikalatachi. Komanso, nkhani imeneyi ndi malamulo a Civil Code ndi malamulo ena.

lamulo umalimbana kuteteza ufulu wa ogula cooperatives ndi ma sheya hoda ake. Choncho, mayunitsi kapena zida, amene membala wa gulu iye wapanga bungwe, izo sizingakhoze uziyenda ndi bwalo chifukwa cha ngongole zake. Zida ndiwe wa ogula anthu, si zedi. Ngati shareholder waganiza kusiya bungwe, anabwerera magawo ake onse, kupatulapo ukutsegulira. Kukachitika kuti khoti kapena mamembala a ogula anthu kusankha kuthetsa ukwatiwo, chuma chake chonse kupatula indivisible thumba adzabwere kwa ma sheya hoda.

Assembly of ogula anthu

Cooperation ukugwira ntchito pa maziko demokalase kasamalidwe ikuchitika ndi mamembala onse. Mafunso za zochita za kucheza ndi pamisonkhano ya anthu. Iwo akhoza kudza kwa aliyense wa gulu. chigamulo cha ogula anthu atengedwa ndi kafukufuku, m'dziko la voti imodzi ku shareholder.

Pamsonkhanowo, payenera kukhala osachepera theka la anthu amene ayenera anachenjeza za palibe pasanafike sabata patsogolo tsiku. Pakati pa milandu ntchito zazikulu kuchitika ndi Board - woimira thupi la gulu. Pamisonkhano anafotokozera za ufulu wa gulu, kukula kwa mphatso kwa ogula anthu, ndi zolinga zikuluzikulu za pulogalamu ya mgwirizano ndi zambiri. Kumsasa maphunziro, mukhoza kukusalani ndi shareholder amene akukana kugwira ntchito yake, kapena kulandira membala watsopano wa gulu.

Udindo wa boma mu ogula anthu

The mukupanga ali yake wamkulu thupi, udindo pa ntchito zachuma. Udindo umenewu amatipatsa Board ndi akazembe. mphamvu zake sizili zofanana mu mabungwe onse - atsimikiza ndi Board. Aliyense shareholder ali ndi ufulu kusankha ndekha kuti udindo uliwonse wa ogula anthu, ndi kusankha ofuna udindo wa gululo. tcheyamani wogwilizana ndi ntchito m'malo mwa gulu. Kuugwira maulamuliro bungwe kafukufuku.

Umembala mu ogula anthu

Kukhala membala wa wogwilizana ndi zotheka m'njira ziwiri: mwina kulembetsa wa bungwe, kapena chifukwa cha kulowa mu bungwe kale. Ngati chachiwiri, munthu amene amafuna kukhala shareholder azipereka ntchito kwa Council, amene wasankha pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa nzika za m'dziko. Pamene inu agwirizane bungwe shareholder amalipira pang'onopang'ono awiri: khomo ndi gawo. Ndalama padera mamembala a wogwilizana ndi kunditumiza ku thumba lapadera, amene umagwira ntchito ndi ogula anthu. Kodi ndi zomwe mitundu ake kulibe, pansipa.

A mndandanda mwatsatanetsatane za ufulu ndi udindo wa ma sheya hoda akhoza akuimira mu hayala kampani.

Ndalama mu ogula kucheza

Yopanga amapezeka mu zopereka ndi mukupanga chifukwa ma sheya hoda lapansi. ndalama analandira ntchito kugula zipangizo, zipangizo, malipiro a akatswiri ndi zambiri. Zopereka zasungidwa mu thumba mgwirizano, omwe ndi a mitundu itatu:

• gawo, yomwe aumbike pa zopereka gulu ndipo anafuna kuti malipiro mwachindunji lotuluka mu kupanga ndondomeko;
• Reserve analenga azilipira kuwonongeka akuwuka mu zochitika mwadzidzidzi;
• indivisible thumba ndi malo amene sangathe otalikirana.

Pamene Kupha zikutanthauza kaphatikizidwe kuti atuluka kwa ma sheya hoda. ulamuliro Izi sizikhudza ku thumba indivisible, chuma cha sipangakhalenso n'kukhala ena malonda ndi ogula anthu. Ngati bungwe ayenera kulipira ngongole, kuchuluka chofunika mulibe mu malo oyamba.

Kodi kulenga ndi ogula anthu?

Cooperation sangathe kukhazikitsa nzika - bungwe ndi ma sheya hoda mayina m'tsogolo, chiwerengero cha adzakhala osachepera asanu anthu kapena mabungwe atatu. Choyamba, muyenera kugwira msonkhano constituent, amene anatenga hayala wa ogula wogwilizana ndi mndandanda wa anthu ake ndi osankhidwa matupi kasamalidwe. Ndiye kampaniyo m'kaundula monga bungwe lalamulo mu boma, ndiyeno amapeza udindo boma. Ndi aliyense mlengi mlandu pakhomo ndi zopereka gawo ndi ndondomeko kupanga akuyamba.

Kodi muyenera kudziwa za mgwirizano wa ogula magulu?

Pakuti co-ntchito ndi kuwongolera kupanga co-operatives angakhale m'gulu gulu. The zikalata waukulu malamulo ntchito ya Union ndizosowa mogwirizana ndi anthu ake, ndi hayala ndi pangano maziko. Ogula anthu ukugwira ntchito kupyolera zopereka anthu ake. wogwirizana oimira kuwunika ntchito za cooperatives, kusintha Mwachangu kupanga awo. Ambiri mwa mabungwe awa anapanga pa maziko Kupititsa, kupanga chigawo, m'chigawo, dera ndi dera ogula mayanjano. Kampani linaloŵetsedwa mu gulu amakhala ufulu wodzilamulira ndi kukhala osiyana malamulo chilli.

Ubwino mamembala a Union ku Central

Awa ndi zikuluzikulu gulu kuti akhoza kulowa monga kucheza ndi dera ndi osiyana ogula anthu. Ndichiyani nanga ubwino nawo m'gulu la wofotokozedwa ndi lamulo. Mamembala a gulu ndi ufulu kugwiritsa ntchito mawu m'dzina "Russia". The Union Central, Kugula Societies akuimira zofuna za anthu ake pa mlingo lonse. Iye ukugwira kugula ulimi ndi chakudya kwa anthu awo. Sizikusokonezani maganizo "chapakati ogula anthu" ndi ukwati. Woyamba watchulidwa anthu wamba.

Popularity m'mayiko CIS

Cooperation - chodabwitsa wamba mu maiko - mamembala a Soviet Union. Mmodzi wa yaikulu ndi ogula anthu "Kuŵala M'njira", kuchita la Russia. gulu lakonzedwa kusintha khalidwe la moyo wa anthu ake. Mgwirizano chinkhoswe mu kugulitsa nyumba pa mtengo wotsika, amapereka ngongole magalimoto, amapereka thandizo la mankhwala ndi malamulo.

Mu Belarus, ndi wokongola bwino Grodno nthambi ya Grodno dera ogula anthu, kupereka ntchito zake kwa anthu ndi anthu a m'deralo. bungwe ali zopezera lonse la masitolo, kumene ma sheya hoda mugule chakudya apamwamba, zovala, ndi zinthu apadera nyumbayi.