Obisika Varlaam-Khutyn: ndemanga, adiresi, mayendedwe, ndandanda wa misonkhano, chithunzi

Varlaamo-Khutyn ansembe yotchedwa, yomwe ili makilomita asanu kuchokera Novgorod, ndipo anali kale mwamuna, ndipo tsopano ndi mkazi. Kachisi yaikulu ya kachisi kwa zaka ankaona kuti zotsalira za tate wake - St. Varlaam. Komabe, palibe munthu wasiya pano popanda kuyendera manda a otchuka Russian ndakatulo ndi States za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, Gabriel Derzhavin. Iye anaikidwa Suli kutali ndi tchalitchi chachikulu, pafupi ndi mkazi wake D. Dyakova.

mafotokozedwe

The Malo obisika oyera - kumalire a kumpoto kwa m'mudzi waung'ono Novgorod, imene mutu ndipo anapatsidwa dzina kachisi. Varlaamo-Khutyn ansembe yotchedwa waima pa gombe wokongola wa Volkhov. mtsinje uwu ndi otchuka ndi unhurried amene amaika ngati kuima-yaikulu dziwe ...

Varlaamo-Khutyn ansembe yotchedwa bwino alendo ochokera konsekonse Russia, chabe makilomita angapo Novgorod Kremlin. Konse kutali mzikiti ake siliva, ndi kuyendetsa pafupi, mukuona moyera-tchalitchi lokha, ataima pa phompho m'mbali mwa mtsinje wa Volkhov.

Mbiri yakale, agulupa yamphongo, koma lero m'pofunika kutsitsimutsa akazi. Mu 1994, chaka kuno ku obisika anapita Pühtitsa novices anayi ndi mayi ake Alexia. Panopa iye amakhala ndi ntchito pano, akupemphera tsiku, za avirigo makumi anai.

Today Varlaamo-Khutyn ansembe yotchedwa ndi chimodzi mwa malo anapita yopita mu kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dziko. Lamlungu lililonse, apa pakubwera mabasi ochepa ku likulu ndi St. Petersburg, Belgorod ndi Voronezh, kuchokera m'mizinda zina zambiri osati Russia komanso Ukraine. Wogonera mu obisika a anakopeka osati mwa mphamvu ya Chimonko, koma Wopanda, amene anakantha woyera, pogwiritsa ntchito calotte wake. Chidwi, koma dziko saloledwa kutenga naye. Apa akutiuza kuti mmodzi wa akazi, kunyamula ochepa lapansi, maloto anabwera Barlaam anakwiya ndipo analamula kuti aziphunzitsa mmbuyo. Iye anafika kwa ife ndi bwino, amene anakumba ndi Abusa. Akukhulupirira kuti madzi si chokoma kwambiri, komanso umathandizanso. Anthu ambiri madzi, makamaka pamene nyengo ya kukonzekera yozizira.

nkhani

Varlaamo-Khutyn ansembe yotchedwa, ndemanga za Haji zimene ziri zonse kukumbukira ofunda, anapulumuka mu mbiri yakale ya ku zokondweretsa Yehova. Komanso, anatchuka chifukwa zozizwitsa zimene zinachitika pa zotsalira za tate wake - M'busa Barlaam. Kutchula koyamba za agulupa ali 1192.

tate wake anagwirapo m'mudzi Khutyn kalekale, kale panali obisika pano Varlaamo-Khutyn. Kuziyika izo pa nthawi anali wokongola zakuda. Akutali ku Novgorod kwa mitunda ingapo, izo anali ndi makhalidwe oipa. M'mphepete mwa mtsinje Volkhov, molemera amenewa, anauzira am'deralo malodza mantha. Akuti mu malo awa wapamwamba mzimu woyipa , ndipo pali zambiri njoka. Zikuoneka choncho, ndipo dzina lake, mumzinda uwu wa Novgorod kunali koyenera - Khutyn, kutanthauza "malo oipa." Komabe, mmonke Varlaam, Musawope mbiri zoipa, pambuyo pa zonse, anaganiza kukhazikika pano. Mu nkhalango mdima uno, ndi wandiweyani anadza kusaina - yowala mtanda wa kuwala tikutuluka kuchokera pansi cha ziyangoyango moti. Ndipo ndi chimene Amupatsanso chiyembekezo. Malinga ndi nthano M'busa yoletsedwa njoka kufikako agulupa kwambiri kuposa mailosi khumi ndi ziwiri. Choncho, mpaka pano palibe chokwawa ndi palibepo. Pokumbukira mpingo uwu woyamba kwambiri pang'ono wa agulupa anali opatulidwira polemekeza Chiwalitsiro cha Ambuye.

woyambitsa

Kukhala moyo chidziko ndithu munthu olemera, mmonke Varlaam anakhala ndalama zambiri pa anapeza ndi kusintha Khutyn komweko. Mbiri yakale amati agulupa Varlaamo-Khutyn analandira yofunika ake awiri mudzi wonse ndi serfs, komanso angapo "amakwatiwa Lobel." Choncho, mmonke anaika maziko a tsogolo umoyo wa agulupa ya, anakhala kwambiri ntchito pa chitukuko wake wauzimu. Kuti Barlaam ayambe aphunzitsidwa gulu la moyo wodzimana, amene anadzakhala otchuka kwambiri.

mtengo Varlaam

Koma monga miyezi ingapo pambuyo popereka kachisi, zomwe otchedwa Chiwalitsiro wa Mpulumutsi, mmonke Varlaam anafa. Izo zinachitika mu 1192. Kwirirani Bishop wake. Izi, molingana ndi azambiriyakale, unali umboni wa ulemu waukulu, umene ntchito ndi abbot a Novgorod. Atamwalira agulupa Varlaamo-Khutyn anapitiriza ntchito, izo salowa boma la pansi. M'malo mwake, khama lalikulu la ophunzira zonse kumalimbitsa ndi ku-.

Akukhulupirira kuti kukongola ake akunja ndi ulemerero adakhala alitcha zopereka zimene anapanga olemera Novgorod, kwambiri chtivshie Varlaam. Mwatsoka, kwenikweni ndi amene mudziwe zopelekedwa za nthawi loyambirira la kuli obisika izi. Choncho zimakhala zovuta lero kulingalira kugula onse amene anali pamenepo. N'zovuta chifukwa palibe nyumba ya chibwenzi ku nthawi, kuphatikizapo Mpingo Chiwalitsiro, si anapulumutsidwa.

Moyo wa anthu oyamba

Akukhulupirira kuti mmonke Barlaam, amene anali munthu "buku la" ndi kuzindikira mwambo Mkhristu wa Byzantium wakale kukhazikitsidwa kwake mokwanira mu obisika cenobitic hayala. Olemba mbiri ena mumakhulupirira mawu chabe kungoganizira, kuyambira Nkhani oyambirira, kuwauza za moyo kumene kumakhala Amonke mu obisika a, a zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi. Iwo anali lake "Ndemanga pa Muscovy" Sigmund Von Herberstein, amene amanena kuti abbot, amene anali ndi cakudya wamba, ndi abale, nthawi zonse ankafunsira ndi ansembe angapo achikulire, musanasankhe mafunso ofunika kukambirana anthu ena.

mfundo chodabwitsa

Varlaamo-Khutyn ansembe yotchedwa, ndi chithunzi chimene kusonyeza ukulu wa kachisi uyu, pamene kachisi zonse Russian anakwezedwa mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu. Kale mu 1460 zotsalira za mmonke Varlaam anayamba maulendo. Kumulemekeza anadza Grand Duke Vasily II ndi ana ake Andreya ndi Yuri. Mu 1460, zotsalira za mmonke George Tumgenyu - Kalonga postelnichim - zinapatsidwa machiritso.

Patapita zaka zingapo, mu 1471, chochitika kukuchitika obisika, amene adakali Novgorod timakumbukira ndi chimwene. Grand Prince Ivan III wa, nakhumba kupeza mphamvu ya Barlaam, anali manyazi. Pamene lamulo lake anayamba kukumba manda wa woyera, anakalipa kuchokera mu nthaka moto anapsa makoma ndipo zitseko za iconostasis lapansi. Grand Duke anathawa chifukwa cha mantha, ndi ndodo yake, ndi kutentha mbali ya guwa anali kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali mu sacristy ansembe.

Mmodzi wa tiakachisi otchuka Russian

Zimene zinachitikazi chifukwa lero anali M'busa Sergio wa Radonezh pa ndime ndi woyera wotchuka mu Russia. Ngakhale obisika pambuyo analanda dziko la Novgorod kwa Moscow wataya ena zigawo zawo, iye anakhalabe mmodzi wa wolemera chigawocho, yokha Yuriev.

Mu 1540 tchalitchi kuonongeka ndi moto, yomwe inayamba pa chudotvortseva bokosi. Iwo anatentha chirichonse kuchokera zithunzi ndi kumalizitsa ndi nyumba yathu. Koma agulupa yaitali mavuto: kubwezeretsa mwamsanga anasonkhana ndalama zokwanira, gawo la mikango limene anapereka kwa otchuka m'deralo. Posachedwapa Chiwalitsiro obisika anakhala ndikokongola kuposa kale.

masoka

A zaka makumi angapo, mu 1611, agulupa ankayenera kudutsamo mayeso ovuta. Pa Swedish kuwukira, mtsogoleri amene anali Yakob Delagardi, izo Khutyn adakhala wasankhidwa likulu chipangizo alendo. Ndipo ine ndiyenera kunena, kundichitira asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda mmenemo m'malo unceremoniously. Olemba mbiri ya zochita zawo mwachindunji otchedwa kuba. Ndipo izo nzoona: ngakhale khansara Varlaam asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda anali wathunso ndi kuchotsa kwa izo siliva.

Pakati pa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, pambuyo athamangitsidwe ndi Aisiraeli, anaganiza pa kusanthula wakale Chiwalitsiro Cathedral ndi kumanga nyumba mwala. Omangika pa malo omwewo, ndi lero chidwi ndi ukulu wake Varlaamo-Khutyn obisika.

Momwe kumeneko

Mosiyana ndi matchalitchi ena ambiri Russian ndi akachisi anakhala ichi chimene chikupezeka kudza kuno ndi mabasi ndi magalimoto. Varlaamo-Khutyn ansembe yotchedwa amene adilesi: Novgorod chigawo, pos. Khutyn, ndi malo zikwi wokhulupirika kusonkhana kuti maholide. Kuti tifike n'kosavuta. basi yoyenda nambala 121 kuchokera Novgorod okwerera basi kuti Khutyn mokhazikika.
Ndi galimoto mungathe kufika ku malo oyandikana, ngati ife tichoke Bolshaya Moskovskaya Street. Pa mphambano msewu Derzhavina tembenuzirani ndipo pambuyo kufika Cholozera kuti Khutyn, kupita kumanzere. Patapita mphindi zowerengeka kudzakhala foloko yopita ku ansembe yotchedwa msewu. Zinali iye amene zidzayambitse Varlaamo-Khutyn obisika.

ndandanda wa Services

Daily ku makoma a kachisi unachitikira wamba pemphero mmawa ndi usiku akathist ndi mapemphero, limene limayamba pa hafu pasiti sikisi m'mawa. Pakutha pa Misa mu mpingo ndi mu nyumba yopemphereramo wa St. Varlaam ndi mapemphero ake ali bwino. utumiki madzulo kumayamba 18 koloko. Lamlungu madzulo mu tchalitchi chachikulu kutsogolo kwa zotsalira za St. Varlaam kuwerenga akathist.

Maholide ndi masiku apadera pa obisika ali makamaka kugwirizana ndi dzina la tate wake. The chikumbukiro cha mmonke chikondwerero pa November 19 pa Lachisanu koyamba pa Lenti Petrova. Patronal Phwando la Chiwalitsiro cha Ambuye mu obisika udzachitika pa 19 August.

zidindo amwendamnjira

Mayi Prioress ndi Alexis. Kuti iye anadalitsidwa ndi kutolera zopereka kwa atsogoleri a chipembedzowo kuti amange nyumba yopemphereramo pa phiri, amene anakwezedwa mmonke wake amene anayambitsa Varlaamo-Khutyn obisika.

Reviews ochezera kachisi chopatulika wodzala azikondana. Ambiri amati kolasi lalikulu la atsogoleri a chipembedzowo, amene akuimba mu Pühtitsa miyambo. Ine amasirira amwendamnjira ndi Macarius bambo. Varlaamo-Khutyn ansembe yotchedwa amanyadira za confessor wake. Ngakhale kuti bambo anga akadali aang'ono kwambiri, kuweruza ndi ndemanga, ali ndi mphatso ya chikondi ndi chilimbikitso. Ziribe kanthu momwe amwendamnjira ambiri kuno kaya, izo alipo aliyense mawu mtundu ndi kumwetulira, aliyense akuuza alendo obisika, dalitsani, ndi kuti adzoze gorochku batala pambuyo pemphero la aliyense yemwe anabwera Varlaamo-Khutyn obisika. Macarius ndi wokonda aulendo amene iwo mwanthabwala otchedwa gidromonahom. Mfundo yakuti aliyense wa iwo angathe kukonzekera ndowa kuchokera m'dera odziwika bwino, kaya nyengo kapena nthawi ya chaka.

Pa obisika, pa phiri laling'ono, pali tchalitchi cha St. Barlaam. Pali nthano kuti ngati kuyenda kuzungulira phiri nsapato, kudali matenda onse. Ambiri amatiuza kuti iwo sakufuna kupita kumeneko, chifukwa pali mtundu wina wa matsenga ndi chabe zenizeni mlengalenga kuti mawu Sizingathe kusonyeza.

Varlaamo-Khutyn ansembe yotchedwa ili mu malo kwabasi pomwe zonse zimaoneka ngati lowoneka. Ngakhale mpweya pano ndi wapadera. Atumiki A, kuweruza ndi ndemanga, kupatsana moni alendo ndi chikondi ndi ulemu umene munthu amamva kunyumba.