Njerwa yamatawuni: mitundu, zida, zida zamakono

Njerwa ndi imodzi mwa zipangizo zofunidwa kwambiri, chifukwa nyumba 99% sizingamangidwe popanda izo. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zofunikira za msika wogulitsa, mitundu yambiri ya njerwa imapangidwa, yokonzedwa kuthetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi njerwa. Kodi zimasiyana motani ndi zofanana ndi zina za mitundu ina, chifukwa chaichi cholinga chake ndi chiyani? Pazinthu izi.

Zambiri Zamalonda

Njerwa imatchedwa mwala wa ceramic wofiira, umene uli ndi maonekedwe osiyana siyana. Izi ndi izi:

• Kusagwirizana kwa maonekedwe ndi mtundu;
• Zojambula;
• Kuwopsa;
• Chips.

Chifukwa chaichi, nkhaniyi siigwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makoma akunja kapena, ngati ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito, imayambanso kumaliza, kukongoletsera, kumeta. Koma mawonekedwe osakondweretsa silakwitsa kalikonse - chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake, mtengo wamagetsi a mtundu wam'mbuyo ndi wotchipa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira pakusankha zipangizo.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya miyala ya ceramic, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi zizindikiro zake.

Otsenga

Ma voids mkati mwa malonda akhoza kutenga 40-46% ya kuchuluka kwa mankhwala. Zojambula zamkati sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso nyumba zolemetsa chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zochepa. Koma ndizofunika kwambiri pamene ntchito yomanga nyumba zapakhomo komanso nyumba zina zocheperako zikuchitika. Makeramikiti amodzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magawo, makoma. Yesani mankhwalawa kuchokera 3 mpaka 4 kg.

Ubwino wa miyala yamtengo wapatali ya ceramic:

1. Makhalidwe apamwamba otentha otentha.
2. Kukhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri katundu pa gawo lapansi.
3. Chizindikiro chaching'ono cha kuyamwa.

Wathunthu

Zomwe zili m'nkhani zolimba sizigwira ntchito zopitirira 13%. Chifukwa cha izi, njerwa zolimba zimakhala ndi maulendo apamwamba otentha, choncho nyumbayi imapanganso zowonjezera kutentha.

Ngakhale zitsulo zolimba zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera, zimapambana ndi mphamvu, kotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zinthu zonyamula katundu, maziko, miyambo yambiri yofanana.

Njerwa yowongoka bwino ili ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

1. Kutentha kwa chisanu.
2. Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga
3. Mphamvu yolimbana ndi katundu uliwonse.

Zolemba zamakono

Zapangidwe zopangidwa zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana ndi mawonekedwe. Kuwonjezera apo, zabutovochny njerwa ilipo mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana - chiwerengerochi sichitha mphamvu pamtengowo ndipo zimadalira mthunzi wa dongo umene unagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.

Nkhaniyi ili ndi makhalidwe abwino omwe amawasiyanitsa ndi zinthu zofanana ndi zina. Izi ndi izi:

1. Kuyeretsa kwa chilengedwe - Zapangidwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zachilengedwe popanda kuwonjezereka kwa zinthu zoopsa kapena zoopsa.
2. Makhalidwe abwino kwambiri.
3. Kuteteza mawonekedwe a nthaŵi yaitali, mosasamala kanthu za nyengo.
4. Kulimbana kwambiri ndi zowawa zachilengedwe.

Chiwerengero cha ntchito

Ngakhale maonekedwe a njerwa zamtundu umenewu si abwino, sizingakhale zofunikira, chifukwa mfundoyi ndi cholinga chokhazikitsa maziko olimba, omwe amatha kukhazikika. Komanso, kukhalapo kwa chithandizo kumathandiza kuti zitsulo zikhale zokongola kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nyumbayi ikhale yapamwamba komanso yodalirika.

Anagwiritsidwa ntchito zabutovochny njerwa kwambiri ntchito kwa mitundu yonse ya kunja ntchito, kuphatikizapo panthawi yomanga:

1. Mzere.
2. Zosangalatsa.
3. Maziko.
4. Kumanga makoma.

Kuwonetsa zamagetsi

Kuti muthe kusankha njerwa yoyenera pomanga nyumba zosiyana siyana, katunduyo amadziwika. Mndandanda umadziwitsa za ndondomeko yothamanga ya 1 sq. Km. M, yomwe imatha kulimbana ndi makoma omangidwira. Mwachitsanzo, kulemba M100 kumayimba: pa mita iliyonse yapamwamba sayenera kukhala oposa 100 makilogalamu a katundu.

Mwala wambiri wa ceramic umatulutsidwa:

1. M100. Zomwe zimakhala zotsika mtengo, choncho, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyumba zapakhomo ndi nyumba.
2. M125. Anapangidwira kumangidwe kwa nyumba zazing'ono ndi nyumba zochepa. Makhalidwe odalirika ndi amphamvu amaposa zofanana zomwe zili M100.
3. M150. Zogulitsa kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zamphamvu.

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, pamtunda womwe mukufunikira kumanga, ndikulinso chizindikiro cha miyala ya ceramic yochirikizira.

Malinga ndi GOST No. 530-2007, kukula kwa njerwa ndi motere:

1. Zinthu ziwiri - 25 x 12 x 14 cm.
2. Theka ndi theka ndi 25 x 12 x 8.8 cm.
3. Single - 25 x 12 x 6.5 masentimita.

Pamtengo wam'mbuyo wa njerwa umadalira makhalidwe angapo - miyeso, mtundu, mtundu. Mwachitsanzo (mtengo umasonyezedwa pa chidutswa):

1. Mitengo ya semitone yamtengo wapatali imadya ndalama zokwana 9,5.
2. Mtengo wa M125 wokwanira - pafupifupi 7.3 ma ruble.
3. Mtengo wa njerwa imodzi M100 - pafupifupi 5.5 ruble.