Ngati oitanidwa ku loweruza monga kupereka? zifukwa mlandu kukanidwa

Zimachitika kuti mosayembekezeka nzika amalandira kalata, uthengawo kapena zolinga zimene iye afunika akaonekere kukhoti woweruza adagona. Ena amaona kuti ntchito woganizirana dyera yokwaniritsira ntchito yawo. Ena, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana sindikufuna kapena akhoza nawo mu myesowu.

ndi ndani?

Choncho, choyamba muyenera kupeza amene ali m'bwalo la loweruza? Mawu amenewa amanena za oweruza (koma osati akatswiri) kuti ali m'gulu la mndandanda wa jurors ndi kuchita bwalo milandu wachifwamba malinga ndi lamulo.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti yekha ndi nawo ntchito akhoza ankaona loweruza chigawenga, ndi okhawo milandu kuti ali m'magulu akuluakulu kapena kwambiri. The loweruza chomwecho Akhozanso kusankha chokhazikika pa kanthu kuti ndi mfiti.

Mu kufufuza milandu chigawenga oweruza akatswiri anathana nkhani zimene amafuna kudziwa wapadera malamulo ndi luso. oweruza Lay (loweruza kusankha limapezeka mosintha pakati pa anthu wamba) chigamulo cha mlandu kapena kusapezeka wozengedwa mlandu ndi kuchita izi. Pankhaniyi, zosankha za loweruza la akutenga zochokera ziyenera zotengera malingaliridwe a zimene zikuchitika, ndipo mosasamala kanthu za udindo ndi maganizo a woweruza woyenera.

A loweruza komaliza chigamulo sungakhale. Ndiko kuti, iwo sangakhoze kudziwa chiweruzo, ndi Choyenereza wa chokhumudwitsa ndi zina mphindi mwalamulo kwambiri. mphamvu ameneŵa amapatsidwa yekha dongosolo oyenerera milandu.

A mbiri pang'ono

Mbiri ya mayesero loweruza mu Russia inayambira kufikira monga 1767. Kunali kufuna kudzayambitsa khoti anati anatengedwa mu chaka chino. Pomaliza, gulu la anayambitsa izi zinali kokha anatengera mu 1864. M'mbali zambiri izi analimbikitsa ndiye anathamangitsa kusintha milandu.

Pamene mphamvu mu dziko anabwera Bolsheviks, loweruza nthawi yomweyo anathetsa. Ndipo linakhalapo inatha mu 1917. Ndipo pokhapokha ambiri zaka zambiri, Institute wakhala nakhalanso ndi kuyengedwa. Zinali anapeza kuti loweruza adzakhala wapangidwa jurors khumi (kuphatikiza Sazengereza kuwachitira awiri vuto la matenda kapena zina zinthu zosayembekezereka kuti zayamba mu loweruza dongosolo lenileni).

Kusankha jurors

Pezani kutsogoza nawo mayesero monga juror sangathe onse. Chiphatso amasankhidwa mosintha analemba anakonzeratu. zofunikirazi amayambira kamodzi pa zaka zinayi. Iwo zikugwira kukafola akuluakulu wamkulu m'deralo. Pali nthawizonse mndandanda wa zigawo ziwiri: kazembe ndi kubwerera (ngati n'zosatheka nawo nzika pa mndandanda waukulu).

Tcheyamani wa ulamuliro milandu dera zogwirizana adzakhala chaka kudziŵitsa utsogoleli za mmene jurors ambiri kungakhale koyenera kuti uziyenda bwino ndiponso utsogoleli wa chilungamo. Pamaziko a mudziwe anapereka akuluakulu wamkulu kukatenga chiwerengero chofunika ofuna.

Zofunika ofuna

Malinga ndi Chilamulo Federal nambala 113 20 August 2004 "Pa Jurors boma makhoti a ulamuliro onse ku Russian Federation," phungu udindo adzakhala nzika za la Russia:

• Mpaka kalekale akukhala m'dziko lapansi.
• zaka zosachepera 25 zakubadwa.
• Kodi mayina a mankhwala ndi zipatala bongo.
• Ali ndi ntchito.
• Osati kukhala nthawi ya kukafola mndandanda wa akuwakayikira ndipo oimbidwa.

ntchito

Anthu nawo bwalo mlandu pa mlandu, adzakhala ndi mphamvu ndi ntchito zotsatirazi:

• Kuphunzira zochitika zonse za upandu, kuphunzira umboni thupi (kuphatikizapo akumvetsera kwa CD ndi mavidiyo, zinthu anayendera ndi zipangizo za upandu).
• Kukhalapo pa zofufuza za, kufunika amene angakhalepo mu njira ya mayesero.
• Chilengezo nkhani pa zoyenereza za mlandu (kudzera Officer wotsogolera).
• Kusunga mbiri ya zochitika kenako ayenera kusankha mu chipinda retiring.
• Pempho powunikira ya malamulo panopa, adzaperekedwa kwa zikalata bwalo (komanso mwachindunji, koma kudzera mtsogoleri).

mphamvu

Ntchito yaikulu ya (mphamvu zazikulu) a loweruza ndi kukhazikitsa mlandu kapena wosachimwa munthu zikuganiziridwa kuti upandu.

The njira (m'chilankhulo malamulo - chiweruzo) woyikidwa anati ophunzira mayesero chipinda msonkhano, kumapeto kwa zipangizo kuphunzira mlandu, kuphunzira umboni wonse, m'makutu a anthu amene akhudzidwa, mboni kwa chitetezo ndi milandu, ndi zokometsera mlandu, komanso malingaliro a wozenga mlandu anthu.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti loweruza m'mabwalo a milandu sakuyenerera kusankha za mtundu ndi kuchuluka chilango. Ali ndi udindo kokha kwa funso la wozengedwa ali wolakwa kapena ayi.

mafunso General kwa loweruza ndi anakonza kuti iwo akanakhoza kumupatsa yotsimikizika zabwino kapena zoipa ayankhe. Pa mlandu iwo kuyankha mafunso otsatirawa:

1. Anapalamula mlandu yokha?
2. ngati wozengedwa izo?
3. Kaya iyeyu wachimwira?

mphamvu zapadera

N'chifukwa chiyani ambiri oimbidwa zoyenda kwa kulingalira waswa malamulo ndi loweruza? The chigamulo chomaliza, malinga ndi ambiri a iwo, mu nkhani iyi, adzakhala lililonse limatisokoneza, kuyambira loweruza kunapatsidwa ulamuliro chifundo.

Malinga ndi malamulo a boma ndondomeko wozengedwayu kulandira chifundo chifukwa kukhalapo kwa zinthu mitigating. kusankha kuvomereza kuphatikizidwa jaji maganizo a loweruza lapansi.

Popeza onsewo mu mayesero si akatswiri oweruza milandu ndipo ambiri alibe wapadera kudziwa malamulo, zochita pa am'chitire kawirikawiri kwambiri chimene iwo pamaziko a ziyenera zotengera malingaliridwe ndi ubale kwa munthu mlandu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri oimbidwa ndi kudalira anthu awa si akatswiri ndipo akuyembekeza chiweruzo yafupika.

Zimene simuyenera kuchita?

Jurors - zonse kunachitika ophunzira mu Kuthi chigawenga. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ayenera kugonjera zingapo zoletsa ovuta monga Ziletsozi:

• kusiya M'khotimo pa kumva;
• deta pa zoyenereza za mlandu kunja ka khoti la;
• pa mawu a maganizo zotengera malingaliridwe pa nkhani kunja kwa chipinda kuganizira (ie juror si woyenera kuti afotokoze maganizo awo pa mfundo mlanduwu pa mlandu);
• pa kuphwanya mobisa za msonkhano ndi voti (ndiko kuti, loweruza sayenera kuulula nkhani iliyonse za amene ndi mmene a oweruza amene anavota ndi zomwe maganizo akuti ngati).

Malipilo

Choncho, kupeza pali ntchito yawo jurors aliyense ndalama? malipiro lidzawotchedwa linapereka ntchito ya ntchito za assessor kapena ayi? Kuyankha mafunso ophweka awa ndi malamulo ena a boma.

Pakuti pochita ntchito yawo analipira jurors. malipiro yaperekedwa likuvutika bajeti dera. Ukulu wa chipukuta misozi ili masamu ndi woweruza theka malipiro. Pankhaniyi, malipilo sangakhale zosakwana malipiro avareji nzika pa malo a ntchito yake boma (mogwirizana ndi nthawi imene kumva).

Komanso, loweruza kulipidwa ndalama zoyendera kugwirizana ndi litigation, komanso ndalama kuyenda kubwerera (malinga ndi malamulo malamulo makonzedwe ofanana oweruza).

Lamulo amatipatsanso kuti m'nthawi ya kukhala nzika mu Kuthi monga juror mu ntchito yaikulu sakhoza moto (pa kanthu pa mutu) kapena kusintha malo m'munsi zolipidwa kapena zochepa. Pa loweruza anapitiriza mwamtheradi maudindo onse ndi ufulu wachibadidwe woperekedwa ndi malo ake yaikulu ya malonda.

zodzitetezera

Popeza loweruza zimva waswa malamulo zokhudza magulu a lalikulu ndi lalikulu kwambiri, iwo ndi mabanja awo angapereke kuthamanga abwino kapena thupi.

Pamene ophunzira zonse kunachitika mu myesowu, oweruza akugwa pansi pa chitetezo cha boma. Iwo inviolable, ndipo apolisi akuyenera kuteteza moyo ndi thanzi la loweruza, mamembala a banja lake komanso kuteteza chuma chake.

Pa pempho la anthu anati mwa mavuto kapena zingasokoneze kugwirizana ndi lililonse la mlandu, akuluakulu yomweyo kutenga juror azititeteza kwa nthaŵi ya mlandu.

pa mlingo malamulo amadziwikanso choletsedwa kulowerera pa ntchito ya jurors mu utsogoleli wa chilungamo mwa iwo.

The loweruza pa ntchito ntchito zake, kutsatira zinthu oyendetsera dziko kuti ntchito oweruza. Mwachitsanzo, iwo amayenda kukhulupirika ndi ufulu.

Ndingatani tulukani?

Ngakhale kuti chilango cha ntchito pamwamba ndi ntchito wachibadwidwe wa nzika za lamulo pa jurors amapereka kuthekera kulephera.

Munthu walandira zidziwitso za kuitanidwako, iye ayenera pasanathe masiku khumi ndi anai kuti mawu olembedwa pulezidenti bwalo. mawu ayenera Nenani zifukwa zenizeni zimene munthu sangathe kutenga mbali mu mayesero.

Choncho, ngati nzika koma osankhidwa jurors. Kodi Ine kuletsa? Pali zosiyanasiyana anakonza zimene mungathe kupewa tsoka ofanana.

Wokana m'chitsimikizo loweruza akhoza analandira zotsatirazi zinthu mosavomerezeka:

1. nzika A ali unwithdrawn kapena kwambiri umboni chigawenga.
2. Munthu judicially ananena wosadziŵa.
3. Nzika kutchulidwa nkhani mu narcological kapena maganizo kuchipatala (chipatala).
4. Iye sakudziwa chilankhulo imene mlanduwu imachitika.
5. Age - zaka 65 ndi kuposerapo.
6. Pamaso pa matenda kapena zina matenda (chofunika zalembedwa) amene kumathandiza nawo mchitidwewo.
7. Nzika ntchito monga woweruza, wozenga mlandu, wapolisiyo, odziwitsa, maloya, bailiffs utumiki, miyambo matupi, dongosolo chilango, komanso munthu wokhulupirira ntchito za ofufuza payekha.
8. munthu ali chiwalo kapena mtumiki.

Nthawi zonse pamwambapa, Act amalola jurors kukana kuchita maudindo a loweruza la ziwalo.

Komanso, wapampando wa khoti kapena woweruza wotsogolera akhoza kuchotseredwa ntchito yake monga jurors mu mawu awo m'kamwa kapena olembedwa awa nzika:

• anthu oposa zaka makumi asanu zakubadwa;
• akazi ndi ana osaposa zaka zitatu.

Mwadzisankhira utumiki loweruza? Kodi kuletsa (zifukwa chilichonse), iwe ukhoza?

• Pazifukwa za chipembedzo.
• Ngati kuyamwa nkhope ku ntchito zake pachimake ntchito ikhoza kuwononga kwambiri kuti anthu ndi boma zofuna (madokotala, oyendetsa ndege, etc.).

Sindikufuna, sadzatero

Kodi kuchita ngati inu kusankha jurors? Kodi tulukani ngati chifukwa chomveka kulibeko?

Khalani limasonyeza kuti bwalo la milandu yokwanira kupereka kalata zachipatala otsimikizira kuti ndikosatheka thupi mbali mu Kuthi ndi (kulandira thandizo limeneli mophweka kuchokera kwa dotolo aliyense m'deralo, akuitana zizindikiro zina, monga mutu, kupweteka mtima, ambiri malaise). Kukhoti, yolondola mwachindunji Buku cheke kudzakhala kovuta (ndipo kunalibe aliyense azichita izo).

Mukhozanso amanena kuti chipembedzo chawo ndi view dziko limene nzika sangathe kutenga mbali poganizira za tsogolo la munthu wina.

Nkofunika kuti nzika zimakhala juror yekha atatulutsa lumbiro loyenerera chozengera milandu. Kuyambira pamenepo iye anali positi movomerezeka ndi vuto la kulephera kuonekera kukhoti zikhoza kukhala chilango loyang'anira chabwino ndi, kuchuluka amene nthawi 25 malipiro osachepera.

Komabe, mpaka nthawi monga munthu si anati mwachindunji lumbiro, ndi chabe woyenera malo. A wakonzekera kuti malamulo sasamalira udindo pa aliyense.

Choncho, ngati nzika koma osankhidwa jurors, mmene kukana - funso ndi wosavuta ndipo ali yankho monga mlingo malamulo ndi kuchita.

chifukwa

Mlandu ndi loweruza - ndi achilendo mawonekedwe a mlandu, imene chigamulo cha mlandu wotsutsana ali anapezeka osati ndi woweruza woyenera, komanso nzika wamba.

The bungwe anati lili ndi mfundo zonse za demokalase, chimene nzika wamba a dziko ali ndi ufulu mwalamulo mwalamulo kunena maganizo awo pa zoyenereza za mlandu.

Ngakhale kuti kukhala juror - ntchito woganizirana monga nzika, iye ali ndi ufulu kukana kuchita kugwira ntchito izo. Choncho, ngati inu kusankha juror kuti athere, inu mukudziwa.

Zungulizani malo amene munthu wabalalitsidwa ndi assessor ndi, legislated ndipo ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Komabe, ngati nzika sanali kubweretsa lumbiro lolingana ndi phungu okha udindo uwu, palibe udindo kulephera kuti akaonekere kukhoti, iye sangathe kuchita.

Kwa ena, motsatirana kuti udindo tatchulazi adzakhala chidwi ndi wolemekezeka ntchito, amenenso akubweretsa zabwino ndalama mphotho. Choncho, nzika iliyonse ali ndi ufulu wosankha funso kaya iye ayenera kuchita ntchito imene boma, kapena kukana kuphedwa awo.