Network LTE - ndichiyani? Mode, kapangidwe ndi ntchito maukonde LTE

Maukonde LTE zaposachedwapa kwavomelezedwa ndi 3GPP. Kudzera ntchito mawonekedwe ngati maukonde mpweya tingawadziwe magawo opaleshoni kuposa mawu a mlingo pazipita limene deta imafalikira, ndi kachedwedwe anasamutsa mapaketi, komanso dzuwa kawalidwe. Olemba kunena kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa maukonde LTE amalola kugwiritsa ntchito sipekitiramu wailesi, luso multiantennuyu, njira anatengera kwambiri kusintha ndandanda njira, kachiwiri gulu deta kulandirana ndi ulamuliro ndi mphamvu.

prehistory

Mobile burodibandi, ozikidwa pa paketi luso deta kufala pa liwilo pa muyezo HSPA, chakhala anthu ambiri akuvomereza ogwiritsa ntchito Intaneti ma. Komabe, tiyenera kupitiriza kupanga kusintha kwa misonkhano Mwachitsanzo, ntchito kuwonjezeka deta kumasulira liwiro, kuchepetsa kachedwedwe ndi kuonjezera maukonde mphamvu wonse komanso zofunika wosuta misonkhano mauthenga amenewo mowirikiza likutuluka. Ndi cholinga ichi, ndipo opangidwa ndi mfundo radiointrfeysov HSPA Evolution ndipo LTE 3GPP Consortium.

Kusiyana zazikulu Mabaibulo kale

LTE muyezo maukonde isiyana ndi makhalidwe kale anayamba 3G dongosolo bwino, kuphatikizapo liwiro pazipita limene kulanda mudziwe - pa megabits 300 pa mphindi paketi kutengerapo muima musalumphe milliseconds 10 ndi dzuwa kawalidwe kuposa pamenepa. Kumangidwa Intaneti LTE angathe kuchitidwa mu magulu atsopano pafupipafupi, komanso ntchito zomwe zilipo kale.

wailesi Izi pabwino monga njira imene ntchito pang'onopang'ono kusuntha mfundo dongosolo kuti alipo pa nthawiyo, ndi 3GPP ndi 3GPP2. A chitukuko cha mawonekedwe ichi - ichi ndi chinthu ndithu zofunika kwa mapangidwe Intaneti muyezo IMT-mwaukadauloZida 4G, kuti ndi mbadwo watsopano. Ndipotu, mu LTE mfundo kale mabuku ambiri a mbali amene ankafuna machitidwe 4G.

The kukonza mfundo za mawonekedwe wailesi

Radio kulankhulana ali mbali khalidwe limene lili mu choona kuti khalidwe wailesi njira si nthawi zonse nthawi ndi malo ndi pafupipafupi yozungulira. Apa tiyenera kuti magawo kulankhula kusintha ndi mofulumira chifukwa multipath kafalitsidwe. Kuti tikhale ndi ndalama zonse kufotokoza mfundo za njira wailesi, amangoona ntchito zosiyanasiyana kuchepetsa kusintha kumeneku, ndicho - zosiyanasiyana njira zimafalitsa zosiyanasiyana. Pa nthawi yomweyo m'kati kupatsira mapaketi a owerenga nkhani sangathe nthawi zonse zindikirani kusinthasintha yochepa mu mlingo pokha. LTE maukonde mode adzatenge monga mfundo ambiri osati kuchepa mwayi wailesi, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mofulumira kusintha khalidwe wailesi njira kuti azipeza ntchito imayenera chuma wailesi kupezeka pa mfundo iliyonse nthawi. Akuyendera pafupipafupi ndipo nthawi madambwe ndi OFDM mwayi wailesi luso.

LTE chipangizo maukonde

Kodi mtundu wa kachitidwe ungadziwike kumvetsa mmene bungwe. Bukuli lili ochiritsira luso OFDM, kutanthauza kulanda deta kudutsa subcarriers angapo narrowband. Ntchito inawo molumikizana ndi manambala oyambirira ozungulira limakupatsani kulumikiza maziko a OFDM zosagwira zosatha kupezeka kwa magawo wailesi njira, ndipo walola pafupifupi kuthetsa kufunika equalizers zovuta pa mbali wolandila. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri kwa gulu la kutsika njira, monga mu nkhani iyi n'zotheka wosalira processing wolandirayo chizindikiro pafupipafupi chachikulu, potero kuchepetsa ndalama chipangizo osatha, ndi mphamvu yochuluka iwo. Ndipo izi umakhala wofunika makamaka pamene ntchito 4G LTE maukonde ndi kufala mu mode ulusi angapo.

Uplink njira, mmene mphamvu ankalankhula ndi zayamba poyerekeza downlink amafuna kuvomerezedwa mupezeke opareshoni mudziwe njira mphamvu imayenera kufala Kuphunzira pazipita, kuchepetsa mowa mphamvu ya chipangizo kulandira, komanso mtengo wake. zofufuza inatsogolera chakuti tsopano uplink njira LTE amagwiritsa limodzi pafupipafupi luso mudziwe ukufalitsidwa mu mawonekedwe a OFDM ndi kupezeka kwa malamulo zogwirizana wa apawokha Foriya asinthe. njira yotero limalola chiŵerengero kochepa wamba ndi pazipita mphamvu mlingo poyerekeza ndi kusinthasintha mawu chikhalidwe, amene angathe bwino ndi zinthu zochepa yomanga zipangizo osachiritsika.

Zomwe zofunika ntchito popereka mauthenga malinga ndi luso ODFM tingachisonyeze mawonekedwe a maukonde nthawi pafupipafupi womwe ndi ya zizindikiro OFDM ndi subcarriers mu nthawi ndi pafupipafupi madambwe. LTE maukonde mode amaganiza kuti ngati deta chachikulu mchitidwe awiri chipika gwero ntchito apa, omwe akufanana ndi pafupipafupi gulu la 180 kHz ndi nthawi imeneyi ya millisecond wina. A osiyanasiyana imathamanga kwa HIV deta akhoza anazindikira ndi kaphatikizidwe chuma pafupipafupi, kulowa kulankhulana chizindikiro kuphatikizapo mlingo malamulo ndi kuti kusinthasintha mawu a kusankha.

makhalidwe luso

Ngati tikulingalira LTE network icho chiri, izo idzawonetsedwa pambuyo kuwafotokoza. Kukwaniritsa mipherezero okwezeka amene anapereka kwa mawonekedwe mpweya wa maukonde, kutukula ake bungwe mfundo zingapo m'malo zofunika ndi mbali. Wotsatira anafotokoza, omwe ali ndi umboni mwatsatanetsatane mmene awo pa zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga mphamvu ya Kuphunzira malo network nthawi yomweyo ndi deta HIV liwiro.

Kusinthasintha kwa ntchito ya sipekitiramu wailesi

Malamulo omwe ntchito mu makamaka malo osiyanasiyana dera, kukhudza mmene mauthenga pafoni adzakhala bungwe. Ndiko kuti, chinafotokoza wailesi sipekitiramu allocated kuti pafupipafupi osiyana Mitandadza unpaired kapena wophatikizidwa magulu a widths osiyana. Kusinthasintha - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ubwino zikuluzikulu za LTE wailesi sipekitiramu, amene amalola ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana. LTE maukonde zomangamanga amalola osati ntchito mu ranges osiyana pafupipafupi, koma ispolzovat pafupipafupi magulu ndi widths wosiyana 1,25 20 MHz. Komanso, dongosolo otere agwire ntchito m'magulu wophatikizidwa ndi unpaired pafupipafupi, kukhala nthawi ndi pafupipafupi duplex motero.

Ngati ife kulankhula za zipangizo osatha, pamene ispolzovanenii wophatikizidwa pafupipafupi magulu wagawo umagwira ntchito mode zonse duplex kapena theka-duplex. The mode chiwiri imene imagwiridwa ndi kufala osachiritsika ndipo phwando deta panthawi zosiyanasiyana ndiponso pa mafurikwense osiyana ndi wokongola chifukwa zayamba amachepetsa amafuna kuti makhalidwe anasonyeza duplex fyuluta. Chifukwa izi n'zotheka kuchepetsa ndalama zipangizo osachiritsika. Komanso, pali mwayi kwa oyamba a wophatikizidwa magulu pafupipafupi ndi yaing'ono duplex cm. Iwo likukhalira kuti LTE kulankhulana pafoni maukonde akhoza anakonza pafupifupi yogawa aliyense wa pafupipafupi sipekitiramu.

Vuto yekha mu chitukuko cha luso wailesi, amene amathandiza kusintha ntchito radispektra - kupanga chipangizo kulankhulana n'zogwirizana. Ndi cholinga ichi ukadaulo LTE akuyendera zofanana chimango dongosolo mu nkhani ya magulu pafupipafupi widths osiyana ndi modes osiyana duplex.

Mipikisano mlongoti Kuwulutsa deta

Ntchito Mipikisano mlongoti Kuwulutsa mu kachitidwe kulankhulana pafoni kungathandize kuti muzikhoza awo, ndi aluso mu mawu a chisamaliro makasitomala. Wokutira LTE maukonde zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito awiri Mipikisano mlongoti kufala njira: zosiyanasiyana Mipikisano yamazinga, monga chitsanzo chapadera womwenso kunja mapangidwe yopapatiza mlongoti mtengo. mfundo zosiyanasiyana akhoza ankaona ngati njira zokwanira mlingo chizindikiro chochokera tinyanga awiri, omwe amapewa posambira mu chizindikiro kwambiri mlingo kuti amalandiridwa ndi aliyense mlongoti payekha.

Mukhoza kuona LTE maukonde: ndichiyani ndi mmene amagwiritsa onse modes izi? The njira zosiyanasiyana kufala pano zachokera okhudza malo pafupipafupi kabisidwe wa midadada deta yomwe wodzilemekeza ndi zosiyanasiyana nthawi pafupipafupi kosangalatsa mu ntchito tinyanga anayi imodzi. Zimafalitsa zosiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa downlink nawo njira kumene sikutheka ntchito ndandanda ntchito malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha kulankhulana njira. Choncho Osiyana kufala angagwiritsidwe ntchito posamutsa deta wosuta, mwachitsanzo, VoIP magalimoto. Chifukwa mphamvu wotsika magalimoto uwu sungakhoze wolungama pamwamba zina kuti imakhudzana ndi ndandanda ntchito tamutchula uja. Chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusintha deta n'zotheka kuonjezera utali wozungulira kwa maselo ndi mphamvu maukonde.

Multithreaded kufala kwa kutengerapo munthawi yomweyo angapo zambiri umayenda pa wina njira wailesi ndi ntchito angapo kulandira ndi kachilombo tinyanga ali mu zida osachiritsika ndipo maukonde siteshoni m'munsi, motero. Izi kwambiri kumawonjezera deta pazipita mlingo wa kulengeza kwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chipangizo osachiritsika ali okonzeka ndi tinyanga anayi ndi nambala kupezeka pa siteshoni m'munsi, ndi lenileni ndi kufala munthawi yomweyo pa wina njira wailesi mitsinje deta anayi, kulola kuti kwenikweni maulendo anayi bandiwifi.

Ngati inu ntchito zopezera ndi wakewo yaing'ono kapena maselo ang'onoang'ono, chifukwa Mipikisano kusonkhana kudzakhala kotheka kukwaniritsa mkulu bandiwifi zokwanira wailesi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito imayenera chuma wailesi. Ngati pali maselo waukulu ndi digiri yapamwamba ya mphamvu ya katundu, khalidwe njira salola kuti amapezerapo mu mode multipotoka. Pankhaniyi, khalidwe mbendera angathe bwino ngati ntchito angapo zimafalitsa tinyanga kupanga mtengo yopapatiza zimayambitsa deta mu mtsinje umodzi.

Ngati tikulingalira LTE zopezera - likupereka ake kukwaniritsa Mwachangu wamkulu - ndiye ofunika kuganiza kuti ntchito khalidwe zinthu zosiyanasiyana ntchito, luso akuyendera dziphunzitsiranso Mipikisano mtsinje HIV, amene amalola kuti nthawi zonse kusintha chiwerengero cha mitsinje opatsirana imodzi, mogwirizana ndi nthawi yosintha ulalo boma. Ndi bwino boma njira angathe kuchitidwa imodzi popereka kwa deta mitsinje inai kuti akhoza kukwaniritsa mitengo kufala kwa megabits 300 pa mphindi pa pafupipafupi bandiwifi 20 megahertz.

Ngati boma njira si choncho yabwino, kufala wapangidwa mitsinje ochepa. Imeneyi, mlongoti angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga yopapatiza mtengo chitsanzo, kuwonjezera chonse phwando quality, zomwe mapeto kuonjezera dongosolo mphamvu ndi kukula kwa malo. Kuonetsetsa ndi Kuphunzira malo yaikulu kapena kusamusa Deta liwilo, n'zotheka kupereka deta wina mtsinje ndi mtengo chopapatiza, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira wamba deta spaced kulengeza.

Limagwirira wa anatengera ndi ndandanda ya kulankhulana njira

Mfundo ntchito Intaneti LTE chakuti ndandanda zidzatanthauza kugawa chuma maukonde pakati pa osuta deta. Apa amapereka zazikulu ndandanda mu downlink ndi uplink ngalande. LTE maukonde mu Russia kukhazikitsa pa nthawiyo kotero pofuna kukwaniritsa njira kulankhulana ndi ntchito chonse cha dongosolo lonse.

LTE wailesi mawonekedwe kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito ndandanda, malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha kulankhulana njira. Ndi timatha ukuthamana imathamanga Kumwambamwamba, amene zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito zapamwamba kuti kusinthasintha mawu, kufala kwa mfundo zina mitsinje, kuchepetsa mlingo wa njira 'kala' ikusonyeza, komanso kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha wailesi kubwereza. Kuti tichite zimenezi kumaphatikizapo pafupipafupi ndi chuma nthawi yodziwika ndi zinthu ndi wabwino kulankhulana. Iwo likukhalira kuti kulanda ndalama iliyonse deta zichitike nthawi yaifupi nthawi.

LTE maukonde mu Russia, m'mayiko ena, pomanga kuti magalimoto misonkhano, amene wotanganidwa ndi kutumiza mapaketi ndi payloads yaing'ono pambuyo intervals yomweyo, zingachititse kufunika kuonjezera buku la posonyeza magalimoto kuti chofunika kwa ndandanda zazikulu. Mwina upambana kuchuluka kwa mfundo kudzera mwa wosuta. N'chifukwa chake pali chinthu monga ndandanda malo amodzi a maukonde LTE. Ndiko kuti, zimaonekeratu, tikanena kuti wosuta amasankha wailesi pafupipafupi gwero kwa kufala kwa nambala yeniyeni ya kum'mwera mafelemu.

Chifukwa limagwirira wa anatengera n'zotheka "Finyani kunja zonse zotheka" ku njira ndi ntchito zazikulu. Timatha kusankha njira wolemba pulogalamu chiwembu ndi kusinthasintha mawu malinga ndi mikhalidwe yotani yodziwika LTE kulankhulana maukonde. Kuti zikanakhala zomveka ngati kuti ntchito yake amakhudza mlingo wa deta wailesi, komanso mosavuta njira zolakwika iliyonse.

Mphamvu mu uplink ndi malamulo

Mbali imeneyi imakhudzanso pa kayendetsedwe ka mlingo mphamvu ankalankhula ndi malo a, kuonjezera maukonde mphamvu, kuwongolera kulankhulana, kuti malowo Kuphunzira kwambiri kuchepetsa mowa mphamvu. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zolinga zimenezi, mphamvu kulamulira njira amakonda kudzapeza mlingo zothandiza mbendera athandizira pamene kuchepetsa kusokonezedwa.

LTE maukonde "Beeline" ndi mawu ena amanena kuti zizindikiro mu uplink ndi orthogonal, ndi Zapakati ogwiritsa muchipindachi chomwecho sayenera kusokonezedwa mgwirizano, osachepera, inakwaniritsidwa zinthu abwino kulankhulana. Mlingo wa phokoso analengedwa ndi ogwiritsa maselo pafupi, zimadalira kumene osachiritsika emitting, umo ndi momwe attenuates mbendera pa njira selo. LTE maukonde "Megaphone" zoti chimodzimodzi. Iwo adzakhala olondola kuti: bwinobwino akayakaya ndi selo wapafupi apamwamba mlingo phokoso, amene anazilenga mu izo. Malo, omwe ali pa mtunda wautali mukachipinda loyandikana angathe kupatsira zizindikiro ndi mphamvu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi malo ili ndi izo umakhala pafupi.

Chifukwa orthogonality wa chizindikiro mu uplink mwina multiplexed chizindikiro ku malo osiyana mphamvu mu njira yomweyo mu selo chomwecho. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe zoperewerazo bursts chizindikiro amene angapeze chifukwa multipath kafalitsidwe wa mphepo, ndi iwo angagwiritsidwe ntchito mlingo deta Kuwulutsa ntchito anatengera ndi ndandanda njira kwa njira zolankhulirana.

relaying deta

Pafupifupi dongosolo lililonse kulankhulana, ndipo maukonde LTE ku Ukraine ndi nazonso, nthawi timalakwa m'kati posamutsa deta Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chizindikiro kuchepa mphamvu, kulowerera kapena phokoso. Cholakwika kutetezedwa ndi njira ya retransmission wa anamwalira kapena adayipsa mbali mfundo kukhala zoteteza kuonetsetsa mkulu khalidwe kulankhulana. Zomwe wailesi ntchito rationally kwambiri ngati protocol deta retransmission ndi bungwe mosabvuta. Ntchito liwilo mpweya mawonekedwe lotheratu, LTE luso ali pompopompo ogwira awiri mlingo deta kulandirana dongosolo kuti zipangizo Zophatikiza ARQ. Iwo amakhala ndi pamwamba yaing'ono chofunika chifukwa cha maganizo ndi deta retransmission, wodzilemekeza kusankha kubwereza protocol cha kudalirika mkulu.

HARQ protocol amaperekedwa ndi kulandira chipangizo mudziwe kuthetsa, zomwe zimapereka mpata kwa kukonza zolakwika zina zilizonse. Retransmission HARQ protocol kumabweretsa mapangidwe zina zambiri redundancy, amene ukafunidwe ngati kumene zolakwa sanali retransmission zokwanira. Retransmission a mapaketi amene anadutsa malangizo HARQ protocol imagwiridwa ntchito protocol ARQ. LTE maukonde pa iPhone ntchito mogwirizana ndi mfundo za pamwamba.

njira limachititsa mutsimikizira osachepera mapaketi kuchedwa Kuwulutsa ndi pamwamba otsika, ndi kudalilika kulankhulana ndi kungakupatseni. HARQ protocol zimathandiza kudziwa ndi kukonza kwambiri zolakwa, imbaenda ku ntchito m'malo osowa wa ARQ protocol, popeza amagwirizana ndi pamwamba ndithu, komanso ndi kuwonjezeka mu kachedwedwe a mapaketi kulengeza.

Siteshoni m'munsi ndi mapeto mfundo, amene amathandiza onse a ndondomeko izi, kupereka ubwenzi wa kaperekedwe ka ndondomeko izi ziwiri. Mwa ubwino osiyanasiyana a zomangamanga izi angatchedwe mkulu liwiro kuthetsa zolakwika kuti tikhalebe atagwira ntchito HARQ, ndi kusintha kuchuluka kwa mfundo opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito protocol ARQ.

Wailesi mawonekedwe LTE ali ntchito yapamwamba, chifukwa zigawo zikuluzikulu. Kusinthasintha limalola ntchito mawonekedwe wailesi mpweya yogwira pa gwero aliwonse pafupipafupi. LTE luso amapereka zinthu zingapo zochititsa kuti kuonetsetsa ntchito zothandiza wa mofulumira kagwiridwe aya. Malinga chikhalidwe njira, ndi ndandanda ntchito amapereka ogwiritsa chuma bwino. Ntchito luso Mipikisano mlongoti amachepetsa chizindikiro kuchepa mphamvu ndi limagwirira njira anatengera akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya 'kala' ikusonyeza ndi kusinthasintha mawu, amatsimikizira mu mikhalidwe mulingo woyenera kulankhulana khalidwe.