Ndi ulamuliro wa khamulo chiyani?

"Chipolowe ulamuliro" - liwu kunena za mphamvu ya mwinji wa anthu. Kwa nthawi yoyamba lingaliro ili anawonekera pang'onopang'ono okhwima mu nzeru za Greece wakale. Mawu akuti "ulamuliro chigulu" anali pachibale phindu la mawu akuti "demokalase."

Ochlocracy - "cholakwika demokalase"

Kuti pang'ono kulongosola zinthu, ife titembenukira kwa maganizo a Plato. Malingana ndi chiphunzitso chake, pali njira zitatu za boma;

• ndi mafumu;
• achifumu;
• demokalase.

Today, aliyense schoolchild amadziwa kuti anthu mosaponderezana ndi ulamuliro wa demokalase, koma maganizo abwino a masiku amakedzana kuti akusiyana pang'ono a view.

mawonekedwe boma kuyambira kale

Mchiphunzitso amakono a boma ndi malamulo ufumu ogaŵikana malamulo, mtheradi, ndi zina zotero. D. Koma kalelo iwo unagawidwa mu yovomerezeka (pa mutu wa mfumu) ulendo ndi wankhanza zachiwawa. mawu akuti "nkhanza" Choncho ananyamuka. Kodi zoona, zofanana kwa kamvedwe kathu ka absolutism.

Apamwamba - ndi mphamvu ya ochepa. N'zoona apamwamba - lamulo anthu abwino. Ndipo, malinga ndi wanzeru wa Choonadi cha Kale, iye ndi "olondola" boma, imbaenda kuna bwino anthu. Mtundu wina - ndi oligarchy, kapena mphamvu ya koipa.

Ndipo potsiriza, demokalase ogaŵikana malamulo ndi kusayeruzika. Yotsirizira amatchedwa "ochlocracy" chiwawa, demagogic mphamvu. Iwo ochlocracy lero - mphamvu ya mwinji wa anthu. Kale - ndi mtundu wa boma. Ngakhale ndiye, monga lerolino, mawuwa anali ziyenera negative.

Aristotle ulamuliro chigulu

Malinga ndi Aristotle, ochlocracy - osati mphamvu ya unyinji ndipo anali chiwonetsero zopotoka demokalase woona.

Woganiza limapereka zitsanzo konkire m'mbiri pamene mphamvu ya mwinji wa anthu, kapena, monga izo, "zambiri wakuda," ali ndi kungasokoneze zinthu chuma ndi ndale za ndondomekoyi. Phunziro ndi ulamuliro wa Pericles ku Athens. mabuku amakono mokweza kuitana nthawi imeneyi maluwa a demokalase. Koma anthu cleverest nthawi anali ndi maganizo osiyana. Ndi kuchotsa "zabwino" anthu (a kutanthauzira amakono a "akatswiri"), "zambiri wakuda" unali kulamulira dziko. Ndani kwenikweni amene amachititsa zimene - kusankha zambiri.

Zotsatira za chitsanzo: a kugwa wathunthu wa chitukuko chuma ndi ndale, maluwa a nkhanza ndi despotism. The chifukwa cha - mphamvu ya mwinji wa anthu, kapena ochlocracy ngati chimaonetsera demokalase chimawononga anthu onse.

Zitsanzo za "zowononga za demokalase"

Kumvetsa asayansi wakale ngati n'kotheka. Tangoganizirani pang'ono kuti maudindo onse m'dziko zigwire kudzera kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene moyo wake wonse wakhala akukonza magalimoto mwadzidzidzi anadwala ambiri mkulu wa wambiri ulimi mwangozi. N'kosavuta kwa ndikuganiza Mwina kuwonongeka chitukuko zachuma amakampani ndi mkulu. Tsopano ndimamvetsa chifukwa masikolala ankakhulupirira demokalase kuti zikachitika amakhala ochlocracy ake - tiyeni kukumbukira, ndiwo mawu kutanthauza mphamvu ya mwinji wa anthu, kapena, mu parlance ano, anthu wamba kasamalidwe.

N'chifukwa chake anthu apamwamba, maganizo awo, ndi mawonekedwe abwino a boma, monga mutu wa kumbali wanzeru, ogwira kudziwa ntchito yawo. Mu chilungamo, ambiri akhoza tchulani angapo nthawi imene makolo ndi bwino pambuyo pa imfa ya mamilioni a madola kumanzere kampani ana ake. Ochepa kuti anapitiriza ntchito yawo bwino. mpumulowo, monga ulamuliro, adatayika kapena kugulitsidwa malonda awa chifukwa cha kusowa Luso, kulephera kusamalira.

Zitsanzo za ulamuliro wa gulu la Russia

Mwatsoka, maphunziro a mbiri nthawi zambiri kuiwalika. Tiyeni tikumbukire zochitika chosintha mu Russia, pamene mphamvu ya khamu analanda mu 1917. Army anali osayenera kanthu, chuma unayamba kugwa popanda, panali njala imene ziribe kanthu kochita ndi mtengo wa First World nkhondo. Kugwa akafika anthu samadziwa chikhazikitso cha kasamalidwe, malo a mphamvu ya boma, ndi pa mutu wa dziko.

Kodi lero ndi mphamvu ya mwinji wa anthu? Iwo ochlocracy, limene likutengera matanthauzo akuya. Mu masiku ano zandale ndi anawonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe ya mavuto. Pa zisinthe, nkhondo yapachiweniweni, mu nthawi ya maboma Transitional. Choncho, ochlocracy lero monga zinalili kalelo, ndi negative.

Zizindikiro za ohlokratii zamakono

• Masiyanidwe a unpredictability malamulo, zigamulo impulsiveness ndale, populism, malingaliro zosatheka.
• Lakuthwa zachuma. Nthawi ya mavuto Mtsikana wotere kuchokera likulu ndi ndalama. Old mabizinezi mafakitale, kawirikawiri kutsekedwa, ndipo amuna amalonda ndi tikungoyembekezera nthawi yabwino ndi kufunafuna dziko mtendere.
• A nyamuka lakuthwa upandu. Pali ngakhale zikuluzikulu ntchito ya asilikaliwo, kapena nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Chisokonezo nthawi zonse zimabweretsa chiwawa, umphawi.

• Short nthawi ya kukhalapo. Anthu amatopa, choncho masiku a chisokonezo ndi wankhanza, monga ulamuliro, mofulumira kwambiri mathero mfundo za mbiri ya anthu. Kumene, mungathe kukumbukira nkhondo yaitali motero pa zaka mazana nkhondo, pamene mwazi kwa zaka zopitirira zaka zana. Koma ndi chitsanzo yosiyaniranapo kuti zikusonyeza makhalidwe a nthawi osati ndale ku Europe.
• Kuwonjezera pa kuukira boma la 1917 , dziko lathu kwadziwika zimenezi. Mwachitsanzo, izi zimachitika panthawi ya Mavuto m'zaka za m'ma 17. kuphulika Social ndi mphamvu ya khamu inatsogolera chakuti pafupifupi zaka 15, dziko Inabuka chipwirikiti cha nkhondo kapena kusintha.

zifukwa ohlokratii

Chipolowe ulamuliro - si chinthu chachibadwidwe, lomwe limapezeka mwadzidzidzi, ngati bingu kuchokera kumwamba bwino. Chiwonetsero cha ulamuliro chigulu amagwirizana ndi zifukwa zambiri. Nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu ndale za boma pano. Anthu chabe izo ndi kulamulira mu manja awo. Ena akuvutika, ena akufuna kuchotsa mofulumira mapindu. Koma zotsatira yofanana - kuwonongeka kwa ndale, chuma ndi chikhalidwe moyo wa boma.

Ochlocracy pambuyo kugwa kwa Union

Oterowo anati mu Russia pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR. Yokhala ochlocracy amayenera kuoneka mwakamodzi, mu zaka zoyambirira pambuyo kugwa monga kwathunthu anakomoka dziko lonse la ndale mu dziko, ndi mu malo ake anadza wina. Koma tiyenera kupereka msonkho kwa amphamvu mtsogoleri wandale pa nthawi - B. N. Eltsinu. Ndithudi, anthu masiku ano amalankhula zoipa zokhudza iyeyo. zolakwitsa zambiri anapangidwa pambuyo pake. Koma kuti dziko si akumenya boma, nkhondo yapakati-mitundu pa gawo lonse la Russia, koma ngongole yake.

Powona mtsogoleri wamphamvu kumayambiriro 90 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, anthu ambiri anasiya lingaliro la asamenyane momasuka ndi Moscow. Koma zimene wotsatira wa boma, kufufuma, kukondera wamba, kusowa mabungwe amphamvu yazamalamulo zinachititsa kuti chisokonezo. Monga tanena mphamvu ya mwinji wa anthu otchedwa ochlocracy. Ndi lingaliro ili bwino kwambiri kunaonekera pa nthawi.

Mbali zimasiyanitsa ulamuliro chipwirikiti ku Russia

zotsatirazi zingathe kudziŵika:

• Upandu, umbava. Popeza atsogoleri andale ndi boma la chisokonezo m'malo upandu, levies msonkho ndi chuma lonse. Anthu sali owopa kuti lichoke ku boma msonkho, koma kwenikweni mantha osatinso kulipira otchedwa denga upandu. Civic udindo, chilungamo chikhalidwe, pang'ono nkhawa ntchito pa nthawi imeneyo. Koma iwo sangakhoze kumvetsa. Pamene chivundi si ngakhale kubisala pamene anthu ambiri sakhulupirira kuti ndalama amapita ku cuma, ndiye, ndithudi, amene mtundu wa mphamvu pang'ono kukhulupirira.
• Pakalibe penshoni, malipilo m'boma, ubwino zotchinjiriza moyo. N'zosavuta kwa ndikuganiza izi zikutanthauza. Anthu anapulumuka monga momwe akanathera.
• Kusamalira m'munda malonda oletsedwa. Popeza popezera mpata zachuma ndi matupi yazamalamulo ndi mabodzawo lotseguka chibvundi izi sizinali zodabwitsa.
• Lynchings ndi "dismantling". Kumene, anthu ochepa anakhulupirira mayesero chilungamo. Aliyense anaweruzidwa molingana ndi kuona chilungamo. Izi kawirikawiri zimabweretsa unyolo anachita ndi yaitali nkhondo wamba pakati pa nzika pamaziko a demokalase usilikali "diso kwa diso, dzino kulipira dzino."

Khamu ngati kusonyezedwa zazing'ono ulamuliro chigulu

vuto ndi khamu kusalankhula alibe cholinga makamaka. Nthawi zonse lachibadwa. Ilibe mapulani bwino. Kodi sitepe yotsatira ingathetsedwe minutely. chakuti mphamvu ya khamu imatchedwa chisokonezo, bwino kudziwika strategists ndale. Chiwonetsero cha ulamuliro chipwirikiti pokha zingaoneke pa zochita mowiriza mafani mpira Mwachitsanzo, komanso mu nthawi ya pickets mtendere ndi zitsanzo. Pali ngakhale wapadera akuti "provocateurs m'mwinjimo." Awa ndi anthu amene amamva "konzekera" khamu ndi angathandize kulitumiza ilo kwa Inde anthu ankhanza.

zochitika zofanana ndi anaona pa misonkhano ndale Bolotnaya Square mu Moscow. Koma Utumiki Mkati ankadziwa za provocateurs awa ndi mu nthawi kuti asalalikire kumeneko. Fans mungakumbukire kuphedwa mu 2002 mu Moscow, pamene, atagonjetsedwa wa timu ya mpira wa Russia, anthu ambiri anapita akumenyetsa ndi kukawononga chirichonse mu njira yake. Lero amadziwika kuti pakati pawo panali komanso provocateurs wapadera amene anakonza ulendo ofanana.

Choncho, kulonga n'cigwagwa mphamvu ya mwinji wa anthu ukhakhuwa ochlocracy, koma kwenikweni ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana ndi m'zigawozigawo.