Ndakatulo Vilgelm Kyuhelbeker: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Wolemba ndakatulo, Vilgelm Kyuhelbeker pang'ono kudziwika. Iye anakulira pakati andakatulo waluntha, pamwamba pa zonse, mosakaika, anali Pushkin. Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky Delvig anali anzake. Pa zaka analemba Baratynsky. The mawu a akuyimba izi n'zosavuta kusochera ndi chinthu chakale, imasonkhezera chopambanitsa woganizirana, umene unali pa Kuchelbecker, ngakhale luntha lake anali ndithu.

banja

Kiichelbecker Wilhelm Karlovich anabadwa mu 1797 ku St. Petersburg. Banjali linali olemera, koma ali ndi maulalo zothandiza, ndi achibale otchuka. Atate, munthu wophunzira kwambiri, anaphunzira Leipzig nthawi yomweyo ndi Goethe ndi Radishchev. Iye ali zinthu zambiri m'munda wa agronomy, zachuma ndi jurisprudence. Nawonso abale chinamuthandiza kutenga udindo pa bwalo (Mlembi wa Grand Duke Paulo Petrovich). Kenako anaikidwa mkulu wa Pavlovsk. Mayi wa William analinso pa bwalo. Iye anali wantchito wamng'ono mwana wa Mfumu Michael Pavlovich. Paulo ndinapereka Kuchelbecker bambo tenancy malo. Apa ndi pamene, mu Avinorme, anakhala ubwana wake Vilgelm Kyuhelbeker.

Atate Karl Kyuhelbeker analidi munthu zachuma kwambiri. Iye bwinobwino chuma, ndipo ngakhale mu nthawi ya kulephera kwa mbewu mu 1808 mu wamba wake chuma ndi njala. Koma banja ndi ana anayi, ndipo onse tinali kuphunzitsa, kotero ndalama sanali okwanira.

Mu zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, Wilhelm mwakayakaya ndi wogontha mu khutu limodzi. Chakuti onse nedoslyshit pamaso bata, mokondwera ndi wopulupudza mwana anachita mantha ndi kukwiya. Pamene William zaka khumi, bambo ake anamwalira ndi chuma cha banja chomuyenera. Za chisamaliro banja ndinayamba wamkulu anakwatira mlongo wa William, Justine. mwamuna wake anadzakhala namkungwi Grand Duke Nicholas ndi Constantine.

The lyceum

Ndi nthawi iyi Vilgelm Kyuhelbeker kale anaphunzira pa nyumba ya alendo, kumene kunali ntchito yabwino yophunzitsira. Koma zinthu zazikulu thandizo banja atatsegula ufulu Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Mu 1811 izo anabweretsedwa ku msuweni lakutali, Mikhail Barclay de A Tolly. Mwana kwakukuru Mwapambana mayeso pakhomo.

Luso ndi kupirira kwa achinyamata Kuchelbecker ankaonedwa akuluakulu. Koma onse anaona kupanda chidziwitso cha Russian ndi German olemba chilakolako. Lyceum ophunzira kusekedwa munjira yomweyo monga mtsikana ogontha. Iwo akukunyodolani Kuchle ndipo analemba epigrams kuti ndi oipa kwambiri ndipo patsogolo kwa mikangano. Koma bwino chikhalidwe chabwino-chikhalidwe Kuchle mofulumira utakhazikika. Komabe, nzeru zake yaikulu yokhudza za ophunzira sekondale otchedwa kupirira. Nditakwanitsa zaka 15, anayamba kulemba ndakatulo ndi changu onse mu Chirasha ndi zilankhulo German. Ndakatulo zinalembedwa palates mphanga. Ndipo kufunika ndi amene analankhula, monga ndakatulo, wotchedwa akadali kunyozedwa. Alexander Pushkin, nawonso, monga wina aliyense, ndi Izitu n'zovutitsa ankachitira zolemba zovuta Kuchle. Koma mwamsanga anamupeza ndi owongoka ndi kudzipereka, ndipo chakuti iye amadziwa kuposa mabuku, mbiri, nthano. Ndipo ngati n'koyenera, nthawi zonse okonzeka kugawana ndi chidziwitso chanu. Vilgelm Kyuhelbeker ndi chisangalalo a mphatso ndakatulo ya Pushkin, ndakatulo wake, sonorous yeniyeni ndi maganizo kwambiri.

Service ndi ndakatulo monga luso mkulu

Mu zaka makumi awiri, ndi Mendulo siliva Kiichelbecker sukulu ya sekondale ndipo ndinalembetsa College of Affairs okhonda. Pomwepo iye anapeza ntchito owonjezera. Kiichelbecker anayamba kuphunzitsa mabuku Russian pa sukulu yogonera komweko. Mu 1820, kukhala mlembi A. Naryshkin, Wilhelm Kiichelbecker kupita kudziko lina ndipo pitani ku Germany ndi France. M'zaka zimenezi anali kugwira analemba ndakatulo ndi zipsera. Ndi nthawi asonyeza pa ntchito yake. Zonse zimene zinalembedwa za zana ndakatulo. Panali imitations ambiri Zhukovsky, koma ambiri ndakatulo wake pretentious. Iyi ndi mbali khalidwe la iwo. amanena - mkulu, koma chifukwa luso lake ndi chisoni. Zithunzi akazi mu ndakatulo si mmene iye. Pambuyo utumiki mu Caucasus Yermolov, koma chifukwa cha duel iye anali retiring ndipo sangathe kupeza ntchito.

Nkhani amene asintha moyo

Ndi 1825, Kiichelbecker kachiwiri mu St. Petersburg. miyezi iwiri kugalukira kwa iye anayamba kumpoto Society wa Decembrists, ndipo amatumikira Senate Square. Pushkin ankakhulupirira kuti anali nawo chiwembu mwangozi. Poyamba anaikidwa zaka 15 m'ndende, kenako ukapolo okhazikika Siberia.

Mugawo Pushkin anaona Kuchelbecker pamene iye anali kuwatumiza kwa chinyumba wina ndi mzake mu chaka cha 1827. Pushkin Kiichelbecker, ngakhale pamaso pa gendarmes ndi, nathamangira kukumbatira ndi zapsompsonana. Iwo analekanitsidwa. Kuchelbecker, ngakhale iye anali kudwala, mofulumira pansi mu ngolo n'kutengedwa. msonkhano uno Pushkin zonse anakumbukira mtima. Pali nkhambakamwa kuti Kiichelbecker ndi zinachitika wa Lena.

The Suomenlinna m'nyengo 1832, iye analemba "Elegy." Mu izo, iye analankhula za chisoni maganizo mkaidi, mutu wake pa dzanja lake. Amene angadziwe chilakolako cha m'nyimbo wake? Amene sasamala za mavuto ake? Iye ndi thandizo lake. mphamvu yake osati kuuzira izo maloto zosatheka. Msiyeni iye mu nsinga, koma mzimu wake ndi ufulu. Koma simungathe kumva chisoni chikhalidwe, dziko, thambo kwambiri, nyenyezi kuti enclose maiko ena. Choncho, anaweramitsa mutu, akulakalaka tsogolo. Iwo chimatha moto Mulungu, limene Musawope ayi m'ndende, palibe mwala pa chikondi, umphawi. Choncho mapeto elegy Kuchelbecker.

mu Siberia

Tsikulo zolemba Kiichelbecker zonse, ndipo dzina Pushkin mu iwo sizachilendo. Koma ndiye iye anasamutsidwa kuti Barguzin, kumene anakwatira mwana osaphunzira wa postmaster ndipo anali ndi ana anayi. Atatu anapulumuka. Ndiye, pa pempho lake Kuchelbecker anasamutsa pansi pa Tobolsk kenako chitunda kumene lidzachita. Kachiwiri, Tobolsk. Izi kale munthu wodwala kwambiri. Iye anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu mu August 1846, sanakhale moyo ngakhale zaka 50.

Mpaka mapeto a moyo Kiichelbecker lidzachita ndakatulo ngati chinachake apamwamba, aulosi, zolinga yapachiweniweni mtumiki. Iye anali nzeru zapamwamba ndipo nthawi yomweyo chikondi Vilgelm Kyuhelbeker. yonena wake ndi malingaliro achisoni.