Mtengo wogulitsa

Mtengo ndi ndalama zomwe wogula ayenera kutumiza kwa wogulitsa pogula katundu wa katundu.

Ndalama zonse zopangira katundu (zipangizo, zipangizo zothandizira, mafuta, malipiro kwa ophunzira, kupanga ndalama ndi ntchito yosungirako zipangizo, phindu la mabungwe, misonkho, etc.) zimaphatikizidwa mu mtengo. Malingana ndi siteji ya kayendedwe ka katundu, mitengo ya iwo igawanika kukhala yogula (pofuna kugula zinthu zaulimi ndi boma), malonda (kwa katundu wina wogulitsidwa mochuluka) ndi malonda.

Mtengo wamalonda ndi mtengo umene ogula malonda amafunika kugula chifukwa cha mankhwalawa. Mitengo yotereyi imayikidwa pa katundu wogulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono kuti adzigwiritse ntchito.

Mtengo uwu umaphatikizapo, kuphatikiza pa mtengo wamtengo wapatali, komanso malipiro amalonda, mtengo umene umadziwika panthaŵi ya malonda ogulitsa.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya malonda: malonda ndi mitengo yamsika. Mitundu yoyamba ya mitengo imayikidwa pa nthawi (inali yowonjezera ku chuma cha malamulo). Pachiwiri - iwo amapangidwa motsogoleredwa ndi zinthu monga kupereka ndi kufuna ufulu, malingana ndi zomwe zili pamsika. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mitengo yomwe idakonzedweratu ingasokoneze mitengo.

Mtengo wogulitsa ntchito umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti uzindikire kufunika kwa katundu wogulitsidwa mu boma kapena malonda ogulitsa. Ndi mtengo wotere, ndalama zomwe zimapangidwe ndi kusindikizidwa zimaganiziridwa, komanso ndalama zomwe zimapeza kuti pakufunika kuberekanso. Popanga mitengo ya boma pa katundu wapangidwa, zinthu zazikulu ndizo mitengo ya makampani opanga malonda, msonkho wogulitsa, ndi kuchotsera (malonda ndi katundu).

Mtengo wa malonda a zaulimi wapangidwa mosiyana. Pachifukwa ichi, zida zake zazikulu ndi kugula mtengo, mitsinje yomwe ikugulitsidwa ndi bungwe la malonda, malingaliro a mabungwe amalonda ndi kuchotsera malonda.

Ogulitsa amalandira katundu kuchokera ku mabungwe ambiri pamtengo wamtengo wapatali. Pamene mukuchoka ku nyumba yosungirako katundu kupita ku bungwe la malonda, mtengo woonjezera womwe umaphatikizidwa ndi mtengo wa wopanga umapita ku masitolo ogulitsa kuti aphimbe ndalama zawo zosungirako, kubweretsa ndi kugulitsa katundu.

Ndipotu mtengo wamalonda ndi wokwanira kwambiri, chifukwa umaphatikizapo ndalama zonse komanso kukonzekera kugwirizana kwa ndalama zomwe zikugulitsidwa ndi kugulitsa katundu. Pokhazikitsa mitengo ya malonda, ndalama zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kukwezedwa kwa katundu kuchokera kwa wopanga kwa wogulitsa zimaganiziridwa, poganizira chiyanjano chilichonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtengo wogulitsira umaphatikizapo ndalama zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wopanga mankhwala, otsatsa ake ndi ogulitsa okha.

Kuwerengera kwa mitengo ya malonda kumapangidwira powonjezera mtengo wa ndalama (pofuna kugula katundu) ndi chiwerengero chokwanira chokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati katundu wagula pa mtengo wambiri wa madola 80, ndiye pamsika wogulitsa 20%, mtengo wake wogulitsa udzakhala $ 96.

Kawirikawiri opanga makampani omwe ali ndi malonda apamwamba omwe ali ndi msika wamalonda amalonda amayambitsa kayendetsedwe ka malonda a malonda awo.

Masiku ano, mitengo ya malonda ikuwerengedwa mothandizidwa ndi makompyuta pamapulogalamu apadera omwe angathe kuganizira mitundu yonse ya malonda omwe "amagwirizanitsa" mtengo wapachiyambi wa katunduyo.

Kuwerengera mu malonda ogulitsira kumafuna kukhazikitsa mosamalitsa malonda onse (ndi umboni wawo wa zolemba) wogwirizana ndi mapangidwe a malonda. Fomu yowonjezereka "Register ya mitengo ya malonda" sichikupezeka lero - ikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritsidwe ntchito pa malonda ogulitsa malonda (mawonekedwe ali mu kalata ya Ministry of Economics No. 7-10260 ya December 20, 1995). Komabe, ambiri olemba malipoti ali ndi lingaliro lakuti ntchito yake silikukwaniranso zofunikira zamakono. Choncho, bungwe lirilonse liyenera kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe a zolembera pawokha, kuganizira zochitika zazokha.