M'mimba: Ntchito ndi kapangidwe

Dongosolo m'mimba wa munthu, womwenso m'matumbo, yodziwika ndi zosiyanasiyana nyumba ndi ntchito m'madi- zosiyanasiyana. N'zovuta oterewa matenda m'mimba, izi zimakhudza Timeliness ndi mphamvu ya wothandizila achire ndi njira. Si chinsinsi kuti ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe zachilengedwe, komanso losasamala maganizo a munthu thanzi lawo, kuonjezera chiwerengero cha matenda m'mimba mwa dziko. Kawirikawiri sizikutha, kuchepetsa kutalika ndi khalidwe la moyo. Nkhaniyi Cholinga kufotokoza mawu osavuta kapangidwe ndi ntchito za m'mimba yaing'ono ndi yaikulu ya munthu komanso dziŵani ndi matenda ambiri mu ntchito pa mundawo m'mimba.

General maonekedwe a dongosolo m'mimba

Ntchito yake angayerekezedwe chimphona fakitale kwa processing chakudya, pogawanikana pamawere ake, kuloŵerera ndi magwiritsidwe zipangizo. Aliyense dongosolo dipatimenti yeniyeni zochita amuzolengedwa zimachitika zokhudza zida za michere ndi zinthu biologically yogwira, monga mavitamini.

M'matumbo kapangidwe ndi ntchito zimene tikuphunzira, physiologically sankaoneka ngati gulu zinakhalira mu katulutsidwe wa, chimbudzi, mayamwidwe ndi kuchotsa zipangizo zigawo chapamwamba. Kumvetsa zinthu, choyamba tikambirane mmene m'mimba.

m'mimba

Pa kukonzekera histological kuoneka bwino bwino 4 zigawo: mucous, submucosal, akulu ndi serous. Iwo amapereka ntchito zazikulu za m'mimba wa munthu: mapangidwe lymphocytes kuti kumathandiza woteteza kaphatikizidwe wa mavitamini B ndi vitamini K ndi opindulitsa zomera bakiteriya, kupanga ntchofu, bwino Kukwezeleza chyme. Imodzi mwa ntchito yaikulu ya m'matumbo ndi mayamwidwe madzi ndi njira zinthu organic ndi zochita kupanga, zikubweretsa mapangidwe chyme fecal.

The kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe ya m'matumbo

Iwo ali kutalika kwa 1.5 mamita ndi mbali zisanu: cecum ndi zakumapeto, akwera, yopingasa, ukutsika ndi sigmoid m'matumbo, ndi rectum. Pamaso pa chingwe atatu kotenga minofu, kudutsa m'mimba, ndipo amapereka mayatnikovoobraznye contractions peristaltic makoma ake. Pa palpation, m'matumbo mosavuta matenda chifukwa Kakhungu awo mucous zimatengera mtundu wa kuwonjezeka taphunzira ndi chidule. Iwo anapanga m'madera mphete matumbo minofu ndi anasonyeza kwambiri kwambiri. Kuphunzira kokwanira kwambiri za ntchito ya m'matumbo anthu kuganizira makamaka gawo chake choyamba.

cecum

Ili mu bwino iliac gawo la peritoneum, iyenera kutalika masentimita 3 10, ndipo ndi ofanana ndi thumba. Kumbuyo kwa masamba zakumapeto. Makoma a cecum ndi secrete michere monga secretin, amene m'mimba chyme. Kwalembedwa odzipereka madzi owonjezera.

Kumapeto lili mikrouzelki ukugwira ntchito pa ntchito m'thupi zozitetezera. Komanso ndi yogwira kukula kwa microflora opindulitsa. The pathologies zambiri monga typhlitis cecum, zakumapeto, zotupa ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono.

Kudzuka yopingasa m'matumbo

Iwo kupitiriza cecum ndi sakhala secrete m'mimba michere, koma nawo mayamwidwe njira madzi ndi mchere. Zimenezi zimabweretsa compaction wa chyme ndi mapangidwe ndowe zake. M'matumbo, amene ntchito yawo makamaka mu gulu la zatsalira undigested chakudya ali anaŵerama: lamanja (chiwindi) ndipo anachoka (ndulu) zokhudzana m'matumbo yopingasa. ntchito yake - ntchofu kupanga ndi mayamwidwe madzi ndi electrolytes. Matenda kugwirizana ndi kukwera m'matumbo muli diverticulosis, ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, aganglionarny megacolon (matenda Hirschsprung a), matenda a m'matumbo.

Yopingasa m'matumbo ali kutalika kwambiri. Kuchokera pamwamba ndi pokhudzana ndi chiwindi, ndulu, ndulu ndi kapamba mchira Dipatimenti. Makoma ake kupitiriza kupereka ntchofu ndi kuyamwa madzi ndi mchere salt.

Chimbudzi mu m'mimba

Ikuchitika chifukwa cha michere madzi matumbo: cathepsin, peptidase, lipase, amylase. ntchito yawo ndi 200 nthawi poyerekeza wa michere lolingana za m'mimba yaing'ono. ofunika kwambiri ndi mfundo. Kodi pogawanikana pamawere njira mu m'matumbo amafuna pamaso pa probiotics - magulu tizilombo decomposing mapadi. Zikuphatikizapo bifidobacteria, lactobacilli.

Mu m'mimba ya kulemera okwana 3-5 makilogalamu ndipo akutchedwa microflora matumbo. Izo kumawonjezera katulutsidwe wa madzi m'mimba, zimakhudza mapuloteni ndi mchere kagayidwe, mtsikanayu mapangidwe chitetezo chokwanira. M'matumbo, amene liziyenda tapita, ndi physiologically wathanzi ngati njira zake kagayidwe kachakudya a nayonso mphamvu ndipo inali kuwola moyenera. Kamodzi microflora zikuchokera itasinthidwa (mwachitsanzo, pamene mphamvu wolephera kapena chifukwa mankhwala, makamaka mankhwala) adamulowetsa ndi mabakiteriya putrefactive uka matenda: matenda a m'matumbo, dysbacteriosis, dyspepsia.

Kutsika ndi sigmoid m'matumbo

The splenic flexure m'dera gawo ndi za 30 cm m'litali, amene kuwonjezera njira madzi ndi electrolyte mayamwidwe ndi kulimbikitsa ndowe. Njirayi imatchedwa m'matumbo akutsika. Mu malo lokwera makonzedwe a ilium ndi ndi mbali ya mfundo sphincter. Ndiyeno ganizirani zimene ntchito ya m'matumbo mu gawo lotsiriza la dipatimenti m'matumbo otchedwa sigmoid m'matumbo. Ndi pang'ono makina. Ngati, pamene palpation ake kugunda amveka, zikutanthauza kuti mu kutupa sigmoid m'matumbo limapezeka pamodzi ndi kudzikundikira nkhani madzi ndi mpweya. Mu izo, monga m'matumbo yopingasa, ndi zambiri kuchepetsa motility, imbaenda chodabwitsa cha kudzimbidwa - chonsechi matumbo kayendedwe yomweyo. Ndi m'madera amenewa ya m'matumbo, amene liziyenda - zoyendera ndi gulu la poizoni - mitundu ndi chopondapo, ndiye akudutsa mu rectum.

Matenda a sigmoid ndi mavuto aakulu kwa thanzi la munthu. Pamene kutupa (matenda a m'matumbo kapena sigmoid) anapezeka ndi matenda otsekula m'mimba ndiponso yopweteka cramping mu anasiya iliac gawo la peritoneum lapansi. Iwo limodzi ndi bloating ndi belching. Physiologically kuchepetsa yachibadwa pendulum ndi kayendedwe peristaltic mu sigmoid m'matumbo kungavute chifukwa moyo wongokhala, zakudya zosayenera, ndi CHIKWANGWANI-zatha ulusi masamba. The chifukwa cha kuyan'anila awa ndi kudzimbidwa, imbaenda ku poyizoni wa chamoyo wonse. Mu sigmoid m'matumbo, mapangidwe gryzhepodobnyh matumba - protrusions, chifukwa mu chitukuko cha diverticulosis. Ndi ambiri okalamba, pamodzi azitsegula. Zizindikiro zake zikuphatikiza alternating kudzimbidwa ndi kutsekula m'mimba, kunyansidwa, malungo. Matendawa akhoza kumva ndi abscess, ndipo makamaka oopsa.

rectum

Ndi mapeto a ngalande m'mimba. ndalama zake 15 dyne cm. The m'matumbo, amene umagwira ntchito mu gawo ili pa mundawo m'mimba ndi kuchotsa ndowe Wamaliza ngalande kumatako ndi chotulukira. The rectum ndi sphincters: woyamba kumalire ndi sigmoid m'matumbo, zitatu zotsatirazi amatchedwa proximal, mkati ndi kunja umasinthasintha. Onse amene amasamalira physiologically wabwinobwino wa defecation. Wosanjikiza mucous ya rectum ali makutu ndi indentations, wotchedwa sinuses kumatako.

Pakati pawo ndi chotulukira ndi annular gawo - hemorrhoidal m'deralo. Mmenemo, chifukwa cha submucosa wosanjikiza, mwina mavuto pang'ono ndi kusamuka kwa mucosa ndi, kuli kuluka capillaries mitsempha thumbo ndi mitsempha. Akunja thumbo Vienna alibe mavavu, kotero makoma ake amafalikira - umenewu umatipatsa stagnation ndi cones maonekedwe hemorrhoidal. Dongosolo lymphatic ya rectum ali nawo chitetezo chokwanira ndiponso kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda.

M'nkhaniyi takambirana kapangidwe ndi ntchito yaikulu ya m'matumbo.