Mmene amachitira zinthu electrically mlandu tinthu m'minda magetsi ndi maginito?

Electrically mlandu tinthu - ndi tinthu lomwe lili ndi zabwino kapena zoipa mlandu. Zimenezi zingakhale kapena ma atomu, mamolekyu kapena particles pulayimale. Pamene tinthu ndi electrically mlandu m'munda magetsi, Coulomb mphamvu zochita pa izo. Mtengo wa mphamvu imeneyi, ngati inu mukudziwa munda mwamphamvu pa mfundo inayake, kuchita masamu ndi chilinganizo zotsatirazi: F = qE.

Motero, tasimikiza kuti electrically mlandu tinthu, amene ali kumunda magetsi, imayenda mchikakamizo cha mphamvu Coulomb.

Tsopano tiyeni tione Nyumba kwenikweni. Experimentally, chinapezeka kuti maginito amakhudza zoyenda wa particles mlandu. Maginito kupatsidwa ulemu ndi mphamvu pazipita amene amachita changu cha chotero tinthu ndi munda maginito. A tinthu mlandu zimayenda mathamangidwe. Ngati particles electrically mlandu adzauluka m'munda maginito pa liwiro anakonzeratu, mphamvu amene amachita pa mbali ya munda ndi perpendicular kwa mathamangidwe Nyerere ndi maginito kupatsidwa ulemu vekitala motero: F = Q [v, B]. Popeza mphamvu kuti amachita pa tinthu zoyenda ndi perpendicular kwa mathamangidwe, ndipo mathamangitsidwe ndi amapereka mwa mphamvu perpendicular kwa anayambitsa, mathamangitsidwe ndi zabwinobwino. Motero, molunjika njira kuyenda akufunitsitsa pokhudzana ndi tinthu mlandu maginito ilipodi. Ngati tinthu akulowa kufanana kwa mizere ya kupatsidwa ulemu maginito, ndi maginito sangachite pa tinthu mlandu. Ngati iye wolowera perpendicular kwa mizere ya kupatsidwa ulemu maginito, mphamvu kuchita tinthu ali pa pazipita a.

Tsopano ife kulemba II malamulo Newton: qvB = MV ² / R kapena R = MV / qB, kumene mamita - ndi unyinji wa tinthu mlandu, ndipo R - ndi utali wozungulira njira yodutsamo lapansi. Kuyambira aone kuti pali ichi ndizoonekeratu kuti tinthu amasuntha m'munda homogeneous a bwalo la utali wozungulira. Choncho, nthawi makope ndi tinthu mlandu zimadalira pa liwiro circumferential kuyenda. Tikumbukenso kuti particles electrically mlandu atsekerezedwa m'munda maginito, mphamvu kayendedwe ndi lomweli silinasinthe. Chifukwa mphamvu ndi perpendicular kwa lamulo la tinthu aliyense mfundo njira yodutsamo, mphamvu ya m'munda maginito amene amachita pa tinthu ndi sachita ntchito kugwirizana anasamutsa tinthu mlandu.

Malangizo a mphamvu amagwiritsa ntchito pa lamulo la tinthu mlandu maginito ilipodi zingadziŵike ndi "malamulo a kudzanja lamanzere." Pakuti ichi m'pofunika zikukhala ku dzanja lamanzere kuti zala zinayi kulozera malangizo a mathamangidwe la tinthu mlandu, bwino ndi maginito mizere kupatsidwa ulemu akuuzidwa pakati kanjedza, mu nkhani iyi ndichotse pa madigiri 90 chala isonyeza malangizo a mphamvu amene amachita pa zabwino adawalamulira tinthu. Zikatero, ngati tinthu ali ndi mlandu zoipa, mphamvu malangizo adzakhala anzanu.

Ngati particles electrically adawalamulira kuti kugwera mu dera kanthu anzake a mphamvu ya maginito ndi magetsi, ndi mphamvu, wotchedwa Lorentz mphamvu: F = qE + Q [v, B]. The Mauwa Pankhaniyi anafotokoza kuti chigawo magetsi, ndipo chachiwiri - kumunda maginito.