Mitundu ya udindo mu malamulo a boma. Cholinga chachikulu cha chilango chigawenga

udindo uliwonse - ntchito kuti ntchito ngati umalimbana kukwaniritsidwa kwa maudindo awo pansi pa lamulo. Kulephera kutsatira ntchito zawo kuti boma ndi anthu onse, ndi okondedwa ndi, monga chotsatira cha ichi, kuphwanya ufulu, malamulo a makhalidwe chikhalidwe ndi zimayambitsa ntchito kwa anthu amenewa ya miyeso kukhazikitsa udindo winawake. Mwa zosiyanasiyana maudindo kusakhulupirika anawagawa yapachiweniweni (yapachiweniweni), kayendetsedwe ndi zigawenga.

Civil udindo limapezeka mu nkhani ya kusakhulupirika udindo wake ndi zitsimikizo kugwiridwa ndi nzika munthu wa malamulo a khalidwe chikhalidwe ndi malamulo a malamulo a mayikowo. Kuwonjezera mitundu awa, palinso a makhalidwe abwino udindo, chuma ndi chilango.

Pankhani ya zolakwa utsogoleri mu dera lirilonse la bizinesi amapezeka udindo wa utsogoleri.

Wachifwamba udindo - chilango umene umabwera mu mphamvu anaphedwa zochita kungapondereze ufulu ndi kumasulika kwa nzika, umalimbana kuwononga dongosolo la ndale ndi maziko chuma BOMA. Chigawenga kukhumudwa - mchitidwe kapena kuchotsa, ozikidwa pa khalidwe loopsa wrongful kupanga ngozi anthu.

Poyerekeza mitundu ya udindo, tingathe kuona kuti munthuyo nchaukali chifukwa cha zochita zonse oletsedwa ngozi pagulu ndipo ndi zizindikiro za kukhumudwa chigawenga, posapita nthawi muli kuyankha. Mtundu uwu wa udindo, ndi chilango cha si zotheka ngati pali upandu.

Makamaka maudindo applicable ku chilango kwa mulandu chigawenga zimadalira chigawo zotengera malingaliridwe. Vinyo munthu waphwanya lamulo, zingakhale mu mawonekedwe a cholinga kapena chosasamala. upandu A imatengedwa dala ngati Atafufuza anapeza kuti munthu amene anachita izo, bwino kudziwa mupewe ngozi ya zochita zawo kapena kuchotsa, okonzeka pasadakhale ake ndi kuwoneratu mavuto oopsa pambuyo. upandu A imatengedwa anakwaniritsidwa mwa chosasamala ngati munthu kuti timaigwira, anaoneratu zotsatira zowawa za zochita zake oletsedwa, koma analephera kuchita pa nthawi yomweyo, poganiza kuwaletsa mopepuka pambuyo pake, kapena poganiza kuti palibe mavuto aakulu chikhalidwe sanalembedwepo.

Udindo, mlingo wa zilango chigawenga ndi miyeso ntchito kwa munthu wolakwa ndi mmene zinthu zilili amasiyana pa nkhani iliyonse. The Code Wachifwamba amapereka mitundu chigawenga udindo, kuganizira zonse zochitika (kukulitsa ndi mitigating) malonda, komanso mfundo zazikulu ndi zochitika precluding amanyansidwa chilango udindo. Ichi ndi kudziteteza ndi kufunika kwambiri. Choyamba anazindikira kukhala oyenera mwa bwalo poyerekezera ndi wolakwayo, ngati kulakwa kumafuna chiwawa, kusokoneza moyo wa munthu, osati kuposa chofunika malire. Ngati chachiwiri, pakufunika kuti monga kanthu pofuna kuthana ndi kuopseza boma, anthu onse. Masautso ndi kwambiri zing'onozing'ono poyerekezera ndi popewa ngozi anthu pamene popewa zochita wrongful.

Cholinga cha chilango pansi lobadwa chigawenga ndi kukonzedwa ndi kupewa zolakwa watsopano m'dera limenelo. Zilango akhoza ziletso mu mawonekedwe a utumiki dera, kapena kuletsedwa kwa udindo wina kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo zingakhale kukonza ntchito kapena kumangidwa.