Mitengo MITUNDU Mbatata

Panopa, pali ambiri osiyana mitundu ya mbatata kuchokera nthawi zosiyana za kupsa: m'banda, oyambirira, m'ma nyengo, mochedwa. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi khalidwe yakeyake kukula, ubwino ndi makhalidwe enieni. Koma pofuna wapadera katundu wa mizu ndi kupeza mbewu zabwino, muyenera apamwamba kubzala zakuthupi.

Kukonzekera mbewu

Chimayambira mu kugwa pamene kukolola tubers mbatata. Nkofunika kusamalira kuti mbali akusonkhanitsidwa kutsukidwa ku zodetsa makina ndi uve, pamene tubers akuchikazi akhala kwathunthu kuchotsedwa. kubzala zakuthupi ayenera kukhala wopanda kuwononga thupi ndi malo opunduka, amafunika kusankha tubers kwa kukula - chochepa kapena lalikulu kwambiri si oyenera kubzala.

Ena minda ochita kudula mbatata tubers mubwatolo magawo angapo kutulutsa mbewu zambiri. Komabe, zikhalidwe mkulu-zokolola, njira imeneyi sangathe wodwala. kusatetezeka ndi chikhalidwe wamkulu kwambiri wa bakiteriya, mafangasi ndi matenda tizilombo. Iwo kenako kuyambitsa awiri zokolola - 80%.

Mankhwala chithandizo tizirombo

Kulima zakuthupi kubzala mbatata adzakhala sizithandiza popanda wothandizila wapadera mankhwala mankhwala. Tubers musataye kukolola kwambiri ngati agwidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. The mankhwala ambiri zochokera a thiabendazole ndi imidazole.

Zofunika kubzala kwambiri atengeke mitundu matenda zina ankachitira asanadzalemo wothandizila antifungal. mwapadera liyenela kuteteza mbatata mbewu ku matenda HIV. Lofala etching tubers tizirombo, amene ayamba kuteteza zomera achinyamata kale pa kumera. Etching ndi polimbana ndi Colorado mbatata kachilomboka ndi nsabwe ubiquitous nayenso.

kukonzekera kwachilengedwenso

Zofunika chodzala mbatata mu mphukira pakati pa za 20-40 masiku pambuyo kuti anaikidwa nthaka. Pa mlingo kumera, choncho nthawi yokolola zimakhudza umembala onse lokhoza (mitundu oyambirira vyspevayut mofulumira), ndi kanthu pa tubers ndi mwapadera biologics. Iwo ntchito zochepetsa nyengo kukula kwa masabata awiri kapena anayi.

biofeedback maphunziro mfundo ndi tubers amakakamizidwa adzuke ku tulo awo ndi kulenga zikumera wathanzi. Zolinga zikuluzikulu za mbande kwachilengedwenso kukonzekera ndi:

• kupeza mulingo woyenera nambala ya majeremusi;
• mathamangitsidwe wa mbewu kumera
• kuonetsetsa yokolola kale ndi tubers zazikulu;
• kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuukira kwa tizirombo ndi matenda tizilombo.

kukakamiza tubers

Ndondomeko zambiri poyera mbewu ndi mbande. Distillation chimathandiza "kudzuka" kupanga tubers ndi mphukira wathanzi. Kutalika okwana ndondomeko pa kutentha yabwino 8-10 ° C ndi milungu wina ndi atatu. Ndondomeko sikutanthauza zida zapadera ndipo akhoza akuyendera ndi mtengo kochepa, ngakhale pa nkhani ya tubers chochuluka. Distillation ntchito mizere onse malonda a kulima mbatata.

Njira yoyamba - masabata atatu pamaso pa anakonza kubzala zakuthupi wakumvera kuwala koonekera. Bwino kumanga maalumali ndi otungira, kuti imapatsa yunifolomu ya kuwala ndi mpweya wabwino. Pa otsika kutentha panja kutetezedwa kuzizira tubers, kuphimba iwo spunbond kapena udzu.

Yachiwiri - kuchepetsa mwayi wa kuwala masabata awiri zisanachitike kubzala. Malo pa maalumali ofanana ndi mmene timachitira mu kuwala koonekera, ndi kusiyana kokha kukhala kuti tubers kamodzi apangidwe okutidwa ndi tarp wakuda kapena mdima filimu. Pambuyo chodzala zakuthupi "Nyamukani" (padziko mbatata opangidwa madontho woyera), m'pofunika kuchotsa tarp ndi ventilate m'deralo.

Njira yachitatu - nyamuka pang'onopang'ono kutentha mu chipinda kumene mbewu akhalire kusungidwa. distillation amenewa akuyamba masabata atatu isanafike kubzala, kutentha pang'onopang'ono chimatulukira 8 ° C. Akafike zikumera wa 1-2 mamilimita kutalika (5 mm) zofunika kuchepetsa kutentha ukuwonjezeka zina. Komanso khalani m'nyumba muyezo yosungirako kutentha.

Zina kukondoweza kukula

M'nthawi ya masiku khumi wa ndondomeko ayenera kusiya chuma kubzala pa kutentha 8-12 ° C mu mdima. Pambuyo kuoneka 3-5 mamilimita zikumera yaitali ayenera kuyamba kuphimba tubers maola 8-12 patsiku ndi kuonjezera kutentha kwa 12-18 ° C, chinyezi wachibale ayenera kukhala 80-90%. Gwero kuwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kuwala kapena yokumba kapena nyali fulorosenti. Izi akafuna kusunga kugwira masiku 20-25.

A kulakwitsa wamba imene alimi zakuthupi kubzala mbatata - ndi ankafika ku chipinda ofunda yomweyo mu nthaka lotseguka. Pafupifupi sabata limodzi pamaso kubzala tubers ayenera ukhale pansi pa 6-8 ° C, n'kupeŵa nkhawa matenthedwe mutabzala mu kasupe ozizira nthaka. Pakuti yozizira tubers akhoza adzaikidwa mu muli wapadera kapena pallets mu mandala mapepala apulasitiki ndi mabowo potulukira.