Mechatronics - ndi chiyani? Zomwe zimakhala zofunika kwambiri. Mechatronics ndi robotics (apadera): omwe mungagwire naye ntchito?

Zaka za makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri zinapindulitsa kwambiri pakuyambika kwa sayansi yatsopano, imodzi mwa izo ndi zolemba zachinsinsi. Ndani angagwire ntchito atatha kulandira chilango ichi? Kodi ndi chiyani ndipo chimachita chiyani? Ndikofunika bwanji masiku ano? Kodi zimatipatsa chiyembekezo chotani? Ndani amagwira ntchito kwa anthu omwe amaphunzira chilango ichi m'mayunivesiti komanso mosiyana? Pano pali mndandanda wosakwanira wa mafunso omwe adzayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Kodi ndizovuta zotani?

Mawuwa adatengedwa mwa kuphatikiza mawu akuti "mechanics" ndi "electronics". Inayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1969. Panthawiyi, mechatronics ndi sayansi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makina ndi kayendedwe kabwino, kayendetsedwe kake kamene kamasankhidwa ndi zipangizo zamagetsi. Zimachokera pa kudziwa zamakina, microprocessor teknoloji, makompyuta, makompyuta ndi makompyuta pa kayendetsedwe ka magulu ndi makina. N'zotheka kuphunzira zofunikira za zolemba ngati mukufuna, popeza mabuku a sayansi ndi maphunziro pa nkhaniyi ndi okwanira. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, muyenera kuchita khama kwambiri kuti mupeze mfundo zofunika. Ngakhale ndizotheka, zolemba, komanso zambiri kuganiza, izo zikuimira zovuta. Tapeza kale kuti izi ndi chiyani, tiyeni tipitirire kuzinthu zina.

Kuyankhulana ndi roboti

Nthawi zambiri amapezeka palimodzi. N'chifukwa chiyani zili choncho? Chowonadi ndi chakuti robotics ndi njira yodalirika kwambiri ya mechatronics, yomwe ikhoza kumangoyamba mwadongosolo lake. Apa m'pofunika kupanga zochepa. Vuto ndilokuti tsopano zochitika zogwirizana ndi magalimoto, ndege, malo, nyumba, mankhwala ndi zamasewera. Koma kuti apange zinthu za mtundu uwu pali zosiyana zapadera. Ndipo makamaka, kuti tiganizire mfundo yakuti ophunzira adzalumikiza makina a robot, makina oyendetsera mafomu ndi zipangizo zofanana, komanso chilengedwe chawo, njira yophunzitsira imatchedwa "mechatronics ndi robotics".

Kulongosola kwachidule kwa gawo lothandizira

Kodi chikhalidwe chimatipatsa chiyani? Kodi izi ndi chilengedwe chanji? Tiyeni tiwone njira yodzigwiritsira ntchito makina okhala ndi makompyuta ndipo akuyang'ana pakupanga kupanga ndi ntchito zapakhomo. Chikhalidwe chakunja kwa iwo ndi malo opangira machitidwe omwe machitidwe adzachitika. Pamene dongosolo lachinsinsi likugwira ntchito zake, ndilo chifukwa cha matupi ogwira ntchito. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti malangizo a sayansi ali aang'ono kwambiri, pali zambiri zosavomerezeka ndi mawonekedwe osadziwika, ngakhale m'mabuku a sayansi, kotero m'kupita kwanthawi mfundo zina zachinsinsi zingasinthe. Machitidwe a Mechatronic amapangidwa kuchokera ku mbali zitatu, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chidziwitso ndi magetsi:

1. Electromechanical. Izi zimaphatikizapo zida zamagetsi, zotumizira, magetsi, magetsi, opangira zinthu, zowonjezera magetsi, masensa. Zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka kayendedwe kofunikira. Maganizo ndi ofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yoyenera ya ntchito. Iwo amasonkhanitsa deta pa chikhalidwe cha ntchito ndi malo akunja, mwachindunji chipangizo chodziwitsira ndi zigawo zake.
2. Makanema. Izi zikuphatikizapo zipangizo zamagetsi, magetsi amphamvu komanso maulendo oyeza.
3. Kakompyuta. Izi zikuphatikizapo microcontrollers ndi makompyuta apamwamba.

Ntchito zazikulu za machitidwe osintha

Panthawi imeneyi, amapatsidwa 4:

1. Kusamalira kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka nthawi yeniyeni ndi kusonkhanitsa kwadzidzidzi komwe kumabwera kuchokera ku masensa awo.
2. Kugwirizanitsa ntchito zawo ndi zowoneka kunja.
3. Kuyanjana ndi munthu kupyolera mu mawonekedwe apadera mu mawonekedwe okha-okha kapena mu nthawi yeniyeni.
4. Gulu la kusinthana kwa deta pakati pa masensa, zipangizo zina ndi zigawo zina za dongosolo.

Vuto la zovuta

Ayeneranso kuthetsa vuto loti asinthe mfundo zowunikira zomwe zimachokera pa mlingo wapamwamba woyendetsera kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kake. Pankhaniyi, monga lamulo, mfundo ya ndemanga imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Polemba vuto ili likuwonetsedwa kuti zinthu zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi gawo limodzi lokha, lomwe liri ndi chikhalidwe chosiyana - ichi ndichinthu chodziwika bwino chomwe chimakhala ndi machitidwe. Udindo wa anthu omwe akugwira ntchito pokwaniritsa zolingazi ukhoza kukhala wosiyana kwambiri. Choyenera, kupereka kwa chidziwitso chokonzekera kudzabweretsa zotsatira zoyenera. Pulogalamuyi iyenera kuthandizidwa mu chigawo ichi cha hardware.

Ubwino wa njira zothetsera mavuto kuthetsa mavuto enieni

Kuyerekeza kudzachitidwa ndi zida zowonongeka:

1. Mtengo wotsika mtengo wa machitidwe, omwe amapezeka chifukwa chophatikizana, kukhazikitsa ndi kugwirizana kwa zigawo zonse za mapangidwe ndi zinthu.
2. Kukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe kolondola komanso kovuta chifukwa cha njira zogwiritsira ntchito mwanzeru.
3. Kusinthana kwakukulu, kudalirika ndi phokoso la chitetezo.
4. Kugwirizana kwa ma modules omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amakulolani kuti muyambe kudera laling'ono. Komanso, akhoza kukhala ophatikizana mosavuta kuti akwanitse kuchita ntchito zinazake.
5. Chifukwa cha kuphweka kwa maunyolo achimake, makina ali ndi maonekedwe abwino ndi akuluakulu.

Ndicho chifukwa chake mankhwala opangidwa ndi roboti ndi ma robotiki akukula. Specialty mu nkhaniyi ikukuthandizani kuti musankhe kale ndipo mukukonzekera kuphunzira deta, koma podzifunira nokha muyenera kufufuza zinthu zonse nokha.

Zitsanzo za zofunikira pamoyo weniweni

Kodi mungapeze kuti machitidwe omwe ali pafupi ndi ife? Pachifukwa ichi ndikupempha kuti ndiyang'ane mbali zoterezi:

1. Kumanga zipangizo zamakina ndi kupanga zipangizo zogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono.
2. Robotics.
3. Zida zamagulu, malo ndi ndege.
4. Magalimoto (mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe abwino ndi magalimoto otetezeka, magalimoto okhaokha ndi zina zotero).
5. Njira zosiyana zamagalimoto ndi zoyendetsa (zojambula, ngolo zonyamula katundu, magalimoto olumala, njinga zamagetsi).
6. Makina oletsa ndi kuyesera ndi zipangizo.
7. Zipangizo zaofesi (zolemba ndi zojambula zithunzi).
8. Zida zamankhwala (kubwezeretsa, kukonzanso, kuchipatala).
9. Zida zapanyumba (kusoka, zokutsuka zitsamba, makina ochapa ndi makina ena a mtundu uwu).
10. Simulators for maphunziro a opaleshoni, oyendetsa galimoto, oyendetsa ndege.
11. Njira zowunika komanso zomveka.
12. Micromachines (yogwiritsidwa ntchito mochiritsira, sayansi ya sayansi, mafoni).

Pitirizani mndandanda kwa nthawi yaitali.

Maphunziro apamwamba: mechatronics ndi robotics

Amayunivesite amapereka mwayi wophunzitsa luso losiyanasiyana la luso. Mndandandawu ukhoza kukhala wautali kwambiri, koma tiyesa kuupanga mwachidule ngati n'kotheka:

1. Kuwunikira kufunika, kuyembekezera ndi kufunika kwa ntchito.
2. Pangani mfundo, electromechanical, electrohydraulic, electronics ndi microprocessor zitsanzo za ma modules.
3. Pangani pulogalamu yoyendetsera zipangizo zamakono, ngati kuli kofunikira.
4. Lembani zikalata za polojekiti, zomwe zidzalongosola kupanga ndi kupanga momwe mbali iliyonse ikugwirira ntchito.
5. Onetsetsani chitukuko chotsatira.
6. Kuti apange, asonkhanitse ndi kuyesa zipangizo zopangidwa.
7. Kulemba ziphaso za patent ndi layisensi.
8. Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ndi kusokoneza machitidwe osokoneza bongo.
9. Konzani malangizo oti mugwiritse ntchito chipangizochi.

Ndicho chimene china chirichonse cha mechatronics ndi robotics chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi Ministry of Education chingapereke kwa ophunzira awo. Iwo ndi ochepa, makamaka pali madera osiyanasiyana, koma angalandire maphunziro oyenerera.

Kudzizindikira nokha kwa munthu yemwe amadziwa zamatsenga ndi roboti: omwe mungagwire naye ntchito?

Kodi ndingapeze kuti ntchito nditatha maphunziro anga? Akatswiri a mbiriyi amapanga ndi kupanga mapangidwe a robotic kwa mafakitale ndi ntchito zapakhomo. Angathe kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu kuti apereke kayendetsedwe ka ntchito komanso ntchito yabwino. Atalandira maphunziro, nthawi zambiri amayamba kugwira ntchito monga othandizira opanga mapulogalamu, olemba mapulogalamu komanso akatswiri, ngakhale kuti mwayi wopitiliza ntchito ndi wovuta kwambiri, chifukwa kuyambitsidwa kwa ntchito za anthu ndi kukonzanso zotsatira zake ndi cholinga chachikulu chomwe amatha kuchita. Taphunzira kale chomwe chiri. Ndipo potsiriza ife tikufuna kukudziwitsani kuti mwinamwake zingatheke kuti muchite nawo mbali ya zinthu zoterozo:

1. Kafukufuku.
2. Kupanga ndi zomangamanga.
3. Ntchito.
4. Gulu ndi kasamalidwe.

Chidziwitso cha izi ndikuti pali kusowa kwakukulu kwa antchito. Choncho, nthawi zambiri sizinali zenizeni za ntchito, ngakhale kudziphunzitsa, omwe adatha kusonyeza luso lalikulu la luso ndi luso lothandiza.

Kutsiliza

Maphunziro onse ndi ofunikira, onse amafunikira. Popanda kukokomeza, tinganene kuti zomwe tanenazi ndi zina mwazofunikira zamtsogolo. Kufunika kwa anthu ogwira ntchito m'maganizo amenewa kukukula mosalekeza. Mfundo iyi, komanso ndalama zabwino, zimatithandiza kunena kuti izi zidzatchuka kwambiri m'zaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi. N'zotheka kuti apadera a lawyers, azachuma ndi oyang'anira adzapita kumbuyo, ndipo mechatronics idzatulukira patsogolo. Tidziwa kale izi, komanso kumvetsetsa kufunikira kwa chidziwitso cha sayansi, mgwirizanowu udzabwera ndi mawu awa.