Mbiri ya volebo. Mbiri ya zikamera ndi kukula kwa volebo

Mpaka m'ma 1930. padziko lonse m'bwalomo volebo ananyalanyaza mbali ya zosangalatsa zosangalatsa. History of maonekedwe a masewera, "volebo" m'mayiko osiyanasiyana zimasiyanasiyana chifukwa malamulo osiyana kulibe m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko. Komabe, akatswiri a masewerawa dziko ankaimba m'mayiko ambiri (mwachitsanzo, kum'mawa kwa Ulaya, kumene msinkhu ndi mkulu mokwanira). Choncho, volebo kukhala masewera kunadetsa mpikisano, yodziwika ndi mkulu ntchito thupi ndi sayansi. Mmene onse anayamba?

Atate wa volebo, William G. Morgan

The kholo la masewera lero otchuka anabadwa mu 1870 mu mzinda wa Lockport New York, komwe anakhala zaka wake ali mwana, kusukulu onse ndi ntchito boti bambo ake pa gombe la akale Erie Ngalande. Mu 1891, tsoka anatenga achinyamata Morgan James A. Naismith, amene amayembekezeka kukhala kholo la mpira. Nditamaliza sukulu kukonzekera mu Northfield, Morgan anapitiriza maphunziro ake pa mayiko Young Amuna Mkhristu Association (YMCA), ndi Springfield (tsopano Springfield College). Mu Springfield wamng'ono talente, honing luso, othamanga nawo mbali wotchuka timu koleji mpira motsogozedwa ndi A. Alonzo Stagg, mmodzi wa "Grand Opanga mpira." Mu 1894, pambuyo sukulu ku sekondale, Morgan anavomera mwa maganizodwe a Director of kucheza ndi kutengedwa chimodzimodzi malo mphunzitsi mu Holyoke Massachusetts. Ndi nkhani ya volebo chinaikidwa pa nthawi ino. Mwachidule tinganene kuti ndi kuyamika James A. Naismith, Morgan nawo mwayi kuti azinyadira nyenyezi awo pa munda masewera.

masewera a zaka pakati?

Mu 1895, pamaso pa wotsogolera William. G. Morgan vuto: luso masewera ndi kuphunzitsa kuchuluka koyenera ayenera kulandira anthu a m'badwo uliwonse, koma latsopano zopezeka masewera a mpira yafala okha ana. zinali zovuta kwambiri kwa abizinezi wa zaka pakati, monga anatenga mphamvu zambiri ndipo saloledwa kumasuka. Pamaso Morgan anali vuto - muyenera ndi kuchita zinthu, zimene inu mukhoza kuimba ndi zosangalatsa ndipo pambuyo ntchito ndi nthawi yopuma ya nkhomaliro. Pamene mawu kumatanthauza cha vuto palokha Morgan: "masewero ayenera kukhala amphamvu zamasewera patsogolo, koma popanda aukali yogwirana."

Kenako adaganiza zolenga munthu kudalirana masewera angapo bwino ndi kuchita zinthu zatsopano; Iyi ndi njira ya chitukuko zapita mbiri ya masewera. Volebo mpira zikuphatikizapo zinthu (mpira), tennis (mauna), mpira (ntchito Buku chakudya mpira patali), mpira (innings lingaliro). maluso onse bwinobwino zili mu "mintonet" masewera ngati anaitanidwa ndi Mlengi. Ndipo ngakhale woyamba masewera kuvomereza chinali chosakwanira, komabe anasonyeza kuti bwino ndithu, kupambana omvera pa msonkhano masewera YMCA a Dayilekita, unachitikira ku Springfield.

Mbiri ya zosayembekezereka wa volebo ali kuti pa msonkhano uno, Dr. Alfred Halstead, Professor Sprinfildskogo College, anapereka monga masewera mutu mawu "volebo".

Kukonzedwa ndi kuunikanso malamulo

A ambiri ndithu kusintha mu mbiri yakale volebo masewera kuti yatsikira kwa ife bwino, monga ife tikudziwira izo lero. Monga tanenera kale, poyamba pa zonse, anasintha dzina la pachiyambi la masewera. Gwirizanani, kungakhale kovuta kulingalira Karch Kiraly (American volebo player, 3 nthawi Olympic ngwazi mu Agiriki ndi gombe volebo), kusewera pa gombe mu mintonet! chiwerengero cha osewera anali zinasintha: poyamba timu analoledwa kukhala osewera ambiri monga inkatha pa theka la mita dera 10x5, kutanthauza anthu asanu. Komabe, pambuyo angapo zaluso kwa anthu 6 pa gulu.

masewera oyambirira mu masewero olimbitsa Morgan kuimba mpira ndi kamera rubberized. Koma mu 1896, akatswiri kampani "Spalding" anamasulidwa woyamba boma volebo, ndi 1900, muyezo mawonekedwe ndi kulemera zolinga anali pafupifupi ofanana kwa anthu miyeso kuti ntchito lero.

The gululi anali wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa masewera posachedwapa kupanga zambiri otsutsana ndi masewera volebo. Malamulo a masewerawo ndi mbiri ya chitukuko kuyambira pamenepo kwambiri kusinthidwa. Lero, kutalika gululi ndi 2,43 m, ndi pang'ono kuposa 2,24 mamita kwa akazi. Malinga ndi malamulo choyambirira volebo timu mphambu anali mfundo 21 kupambana, ndipo mu 1917, chiwerengero ichi zochepa 15. Komanso, mu 1922, chiwerengero cha analola mpira wokhudza kwenikweni ndi atatu.

Volebo kunja kwa US

Ngakhale kuti mbiri ya zikamera wa volebo kusanduka pang'onopang'ono ndithu kwa zaka zingapo woyamba, kufalitsa mwamsanga kupitirira America kuyamika oimira mayanjano masewera, amene kaŵirikaŵiri kusukulu ya amishonale ku Asia. Game mu nthawi yochepa watenga kunyada kwa malo pakati pa East Games, ndipo mu 1913 anakakhala pansi ndi volebo mu Russia. Pa mpikisano lonse, yomwe inayamba mu 1950, Russia anali gulu lalikulu ndipo anasonyeza kwambiri. Ku Ulaya, ambiri chidwi volebo pa First World nkhondo.

Mu 1913, mbiri ya volebo ali kusanduka mu Asia efficiently, ichi ndi chaka masewera anaphatikizidwa pulogalamu ya woyamba Far East Games, bungwe mu Manila. Tikumbukenso kuti kusewera ndi malamulo lotha kwa nthawi yaitali mu Asia, amene ankatanthauza timu ya osewera 16 (kwa anthu, ndi kufalitsa masewera).

Kutchuka wamkulu wa masewera chapeza pambuyo zinalengedwa amazilamulira lovomerezeka ndi chifaniziro. Mu 1928 panali Association of United States volebo mu 1947. izo anadzatchedwa la International volebo Federation (FIVB). Mu 1949, Championship amuna patsogolo Prague, Czechoslovakia.

kutchuka Index

Indicators kukula kwa chiwerengero cha osewera mu volebo ndi mosalekeza kukula, monga nkhani limafotokoza nkhani ya 1916, yolembedwa ndi Robert K. Kabbunom ndi nawo "Spalding". Malinga Ziwerengero Kabbuna, chiwerengero cha osewera wafika okwana anthu 200 000, zomwe achinyamata zidzasankhidwa motere: mu YMCA (anyamata, anyamata ndi anthu achikulire) - 70 000 anthu YWCA (asungwana ndi amayi) - 50 000 Anthu .. m'masukulu (anyamata ndi atsikana) - 25 000 anthu. ndi makoleji (anyamata) anthu 10 000.

Mu 1916, bungwe anatha kuyitana YMCA amphamvu kukula mu kutchuka masewera pakati pa ophunzira a National Collegiate zamasewera Association (NCAA), lofalitsidwa malamulo ndi nkhani za volebo.

Ku masewero olimbitsa pa mchenga

Mu 1940 iye anayamba kalembedwe osiyanasiyana volebo. Magulu a osewera awiri kapena anayi kupikisana pa mpikisano impromptu pa magombe a mchenga wa California, ndipo posakhalitsa magulu yabwino kuyamba kuyenda pamwamba kapena pansi gombe kumakumana duels ndi magulu ena. Woyamba mpikisano gombe volebo unachitikira mu California mu 1948

Bwino chachikulu gombe volebo pambuyo pa TV wa Championship unachitikira Games Olympic ku Atlanta mu 1996, mbiri ya masewera zinali zodzaza ndi kupambana zidzasintha FIVB Swatch World ulendo, ndipo gombe volebo yatsegula yatsopano msewu mlingo lonse.

gombe volebo

gombe volebo kucheza anakhazikitsidwa mu 1965 ndi cholinga zosiyanasiyana ndi standardization malamulo ndi thupi boma. Ndi 1976, osewera bwino mpikisano mphoto ndalama anazindikira othamanga mu 1983 anapanga Association of akatswiri volebo (AVP) osewera wamwamuna. Pakuti mphoto dziwe mwa akatswiri anazindikira kuti osewera bwino kupikisana volebo. Akazi anapanga kucheza awo mu 1986.

Pamene Olympic volebo nyenyezi anayamba kukhala ndi kupikisana pa magombe, umachititsa anakhala wotchuka kwambiri. Beach volebo yafalikira ku California ku Florida kenako m'mayiko ena, ngakhale anthu amene alibe magombe. M'madera ena, tinkaimba m'nyumba pa mabwalo mchenga. Ndi 1993, gombe volebo wakhala wotchuka mu United States kuti thupi la anaulutsa pa TV m'dziko.

Mu 1987, woyamba wa mayiko machesi pakati pa magulu amuna awiri (volebo). Akazi achita ndime yoyamba ya dongosolo amenewa mu 1993

Gold mphoto

mwamsanga kunapezeka kuti osati chibwenzi ndi volebo amuna a usinkhu wapakati ngati poyamba pakati, komanso atsikana. Woyamba US dziko volebo Championship akazi nyimbo mu 1949, zaka 54 pambuyo masewera anabadwa. The mpikisano woyamba wa mayiko mu Moscow akazi unachitikira mu 1952

Masiku anonso, amuna ndi mpikisano akazi mu Agiriki ndi gombe volebo ndi mbali ya Games Olympic. Poyamba anakhala Olympic masewera mu 1964 Japan. Khamu dziko - Japan ndi Soviet Union anakumana mu omaliza atsogoleri komanso othamanga Soviet anatenga golide mu gulu akazi. Mu gulu anthu mu volebo komanso mwayi wa Soviet Union, pambuyo kuwina woyamba Games Olympic, othamanga wathu anapambana mendulo aliyense wotsatira masewera asanu. volebo timu US anthu adakwanitsa kupambana ndi chigonjetso mu 1984 ndi 1988 GG

Mbiri ya zikamera ndi kukula kwa volebo mumchenga anabwera mochedwa kwambiri masewera tingachipeze powerenga. Beach volebo anakhala ndi masewera Olympic ku Atlanta yekha mu 1996 (mu ndime pakati pa United States, Brazil ndi Australia).

M'zaka khumi zapitazi masewera walandira wozungulira atsopano chitukuko mu kubwalo la masewera: bwino kwambiri zinthu padziko lonse thupi monga Championship FIVB World, League World, Championship World Grand Prix, ndi Games Olympic.

volebo Russia

Ngakhale kuti volebo kupangidwa mu America, ku Russia, masewera mwamsanga anamugwira ndi chibwenzi. Moti mu Germany anawatcha Folk Russian. Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa, popeza ndi akatswiri Russian anapereka masewera mbali yapadera: see, athleticism, liwiro. Back mu 1920, ndi nawo aphunzitsi American mmizinda Russia magulu volebo, ndipo mu 1922, anachita chidwi masewerawo mu Moscow, kuphatikizapo mu sukulu. othamanga Young kulikonse ayamba kupikisana mpira. Mu mayiko onse a dziko la Soviet Union yapindula masewera kuzindikira, makamaka kulolerana ake mu Games. akatswiri Soviet nthawi 4 anatenga golide pa World Cup, nthawi 6 anakhala opindula kupeza katswiri lonse ndi nthawi 12 opindula Europe.

Utatha Soviet Union sikuthetsa mbiri ya volebo mu Russia. Mu 1991, Onse-Russian volebo Federation analengedwa, amene wateteza chidziwitso cha alangizi Soviet. Mu 1993, gulu la anthu amatenga nawo mbali pa League World, amene ali malo chachiwiri. Mu chaka chomwecho Turku othamanga kulandira ndi Mendulo mkuwa pa ndime intercontinental. Pamakhala mndandanda wa ndifotokoze mavuto mpaka 1999 pamene mphunzitsi wa timu limapezeka G. Ya. Shipulin, zomwe gulu afika pa Mendulo siliva pa ndime European ndi Umapeza World Cup. Njira Lavrov zinali zovuta kwambiri, chifukwa timu Russian kukakumana ndi timu wolimba kwambiri Netherlands, Italy, Czech Republic, Greece, Yugoslavia. Volebo Russia kachiwiri maluwa yekha mu 2002, pamene timu kum'patsa chigonjetso mu League World.

Mwambo lotsatira - World Cup ndi Olympic ku Beijing - sankawabisira zotsatira zabwino mu masewera, ndi kugonjetsedwa zikuluzikulu mu ndime yomaliza, ndipo Mkuwa koma khola limodzi othamanga ndi. chaka 2012-2013 amalembedwa mwa kupambana latsopano Nyenyezi kwa Russia - pa Games Olympic 2012 ndi Championships European.

Mbiri ya volebo mu manambalawo. The zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi madeti

1895: William G. Morgan (1870-1942) amalenga kusewera volebo.

1896 chimakula ndi kuika mu kupanga mpira kwa volebo.

1922: woyamba kupeza katswiri dziko inachitika ku Brooklyn, New York, imene magulu 27 ochokera m'mayiko 11 nawo.

1928, zikuonekeratu kuti thupi ndi malamulo zofunika. Anapanga American Association of volebo.

1930: kubadwa kwa Beach volebo pa magombe a Santa Monica, California.

1934: kuvomerezedwa ndi kuzindikira oweruza dziko lonse volebo.

1947 anayambitsa bungwe la International volebo Federation (FIVB); mwalamulo limafotokoza ndi volebo malamulo.

1948: The ndime yoyamba gombe.

1949: Mayiko kupeza katswiri mu Prague.

1964 volebo ali m'gulu mndandanda wa Games Olympic ku Tokyo.

1965: gombe volebo kucheza anapanga (CBVA).

1983: Chilengedwe wa Association of Anthu mu volebo (AVP).

1996: The gombe volebo anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ake ngati masewera Olympic.

1997: The Deyn Blenton anakhala munthu woyamba wa African-American katswiri wosewera mpira mu gombe mpira, kupeza chigonjetso mu ndime Miller Lite / AVP.

2007: Karch Kiraly amaika ntchito Nyenyezi anasiya chizindikiro kukoma. Kiraly - ndi mbiri ya volebo. Mwachidule tinganene zimene anachita kuti iye anapambana mpikisano wa zaka 24, gulu lake anatuluka mu theka-omaliza zoposa 75% ya katswiri onse, limene nawo.