Makhalidwe General, makamaka kapangidwe ka arthropods. Mtundu wa arthropods, nkhanu kalasi. Arthropods - izo ...

Arthropods ndi oimira ambiri zomera pa dziko. Tangoganizani chiwerengero chawo mu makumi a nthawi kuposa chiwerengero cha mitundu ina yonse ophatikizana! General maonekedwe a arthropods, makamaka kunja ndi mkati awo dongosolo, zamoyo m'nkhani ino.

malo

Arthropods - nyama wapadera. Iwo katswiri zonse zosiyanasiyana. Angapezeke mu madera osiyana a dziko, mu mwatsopano ndi mchere madzi, nthaka, ndi mitundu parasitic moyo mwa zamoyo zina. Iwo amatha kukwawa, anachita mavesi mu nthaka, kusambira, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - kuwuluka.

Features ya kapangidwe kunja

Dzina izi mtundu wa poyambira chifukwa kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe awo. Arthropods - ndi nyama ndi thupi segmented ndi miyendo. Gwirizanani, akangaude, nkhanu ndi njuchi zokwanira amaoneka mosiyana Chrixitu. Koma, ngakhale, thupi lawo zigawo zitatu: mutu, thorax ndi pamimba. Iwo anakonza miyendo, chiwerengero cha zomwe ndi zofunika taxonomic Mbali.

Pa mutu ndi tinyanga, ndiwo ziwalo za kukhudza, ndi maso. Pachifuwa ali wophatikizidwa miyendo olumikizidwa ndi zokhudzana chimakwirira - mapiko. Mbali imeneyi ya dongosolo ndipo udindo luso lawo kuwuluka. Pamimba ndi zambiri wopanda nthambi, kapena iwo ali kwakukulukulu kusinthidwa. Mwachitsanzo, akangaude, iwo kusinthidwa mu njerewere apadera.

zophimba

Thupi arthropods ali ndi cuticle wandiweyani, wopangidwa mwa chinthu chapadera - chitin. Mu mitundu ina, monga nkhanu ndi nkhanu, chivundikiro ndipamene exoskeleton olimba ndi amphamvu, zina impregnated ndi kashiamu carbonate. Popeza chitin sangathe kutambasula khungu ngati kolajeni, kukula arthropods nyama ndi chitukuko ndi limodzi mwa molts nthawi.

thupi M'mimbamo

Arthropods - ndi nyama, pa ontogeny wina siteji embryonic chitukuko anayala sekondale thupi patsekeke. Koma pa nthawi, a zilonda za lake pang'onopang'ono kuwonongedwa, ndipo merges ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Choncho, thupi M'mimbamo ndi wosanganiza arthropods. Mbali khalidwe ndi kukhalapo kwa mafuta ndi thupi - zosiyanasiyana minofu connective mukumveka mipata pakati pa matupi. mbali zake zina ndi mwa kundipatsako kwa zakudya, mapangidwe maselo magazi, chitetezo motsutsana kuwonongeka makina.

muscularity

Minofu arthropods dongosolo anapanga minofu striated. ulusi ndi kusonkhanitsidwa mu mitolo. Kapangidwe Izi zimachititsa yeniyeni ndi yomweyo kayendedwe ka arthropods.

kachitidwe limba

Dongosolo m'mimba mwa nyama mwa mtundu. Rapid kagayidwe michere kuthandiza kunyamula England malovu ndi chiwindi. Arthropods - ndi zamoyo amene osiyanasiyana ndi chakudya mitundu. Pakati pawo palinso saprotrophs, ogwirira, ndi majeremusi, ndi mitundu magazi woyamwa.

Dongosolo excretory nthawi zambiri umaimiridwa ndi machubu apadera kapena tubules Malpighian. Magazi - Open mtundu. Amakhala mtima ndi mtima dongosolo, amene kutsegula kuti patsekeke thupi. Pali magazi kasakaniza ndi M'mimbamo madzimadzi, n'kupanga wapadera mankhwala - hemolymph, amene amathandiza mpweya kuwombola.

dongosolo kupuma chifukwa cha malo. Zamoyo za m'madzi ndi makutu. lapadziko - ndi trachea kapena matumba a m'mapapo.

Mantha dongosolo wamangidwa ndi kovuta. ubongo ukufanizidwa ndi madipatimenti apadera: kutsogolo, pakati ndi kumbuyo. Aliyense wa iwo innervate ziwalo zina. Pakuti arthropods yodziwika ndi amachita mwachibadwa. Ndipo pambali bongo titadziwa zinapangidwa anapeza - makonzedwe.

ziwalo zoberekera ndi zambiri dioecious mtundu. Koma umuna ukhoza kukhala mkati ndi kunja, umene umachitika kunja kwa thupi wamkazi. Mpatuko - mwachindunji kapena kudzera m'njira zina - kuchokera siteji larval.

Makalasi monga Arthropods

Tiyeni tikambirane za gulu m'tsogolo. mayunitsi angapo mwadongosolo Chili mtundu wa Arthropods: kalasi wa nkhanu, arachnids ndi tizilombo.

Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi makhalidwe yake. N'zosadabwitsa ambiri koposa padziko lonse lapansi - chimodzimodzi mtundu wa arthropods. Maphunziro Crustacea isiyana ndi mzake ndi kukhala awiriawiri awiri tinyanga pa mutu, makutu ndi zopangitsa wobiriwira. Iwo okhala madzi, ngakhale ena mwa iwo angathe kukhala ndi malo yonyowa dziko. Maphunziro Arachnids mosavuta kusiyana ndi maonekedwe awo. thupi lawo imakhala cephalothorax ndi pamimba. Iwo ndi anayi kuyenda miyendo, ndi chelicerae nogoschupaltsa - makamaka pachimake nthambi kuti akangaude puncture thupi la wovulalayo wake. Mbali khalidwe ndi kukhalapo tizilombo pamtima magulu atatu a nthambi. Nambala yosatheka mitundu ina kuposa parasitic, ali outgrowths wapadera chimakwirira - mapiko.

Choncho nthumwi za mtundu wa arthropods Mbali mwapang'onopang'ono structural kuti athe kuti azolowere zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'moyo ndi kupeza kagawo kakang'ono ake malo.