Kusakaniza - ndichiyani? Kusakaniza: msonkhano, zipangizo, mtengo

Ndithudi aliyense wa inu tcheru kuti nyimbo yowala galasi kuti akakometsere zenera mipata akachisi wakale ndi odyera ano. Ndi iwo sangathe kupitirirapo kanthu. kukongola koteroko Tingaone mkati mwa nyumba lathuli kalirole pa partitions galasi, baguettes zithunzi, zitseko zamkati. Izi zinthu zokongoletsera amatchedwa chinsinsi mawu "kusakaniza". Kodi mtundu wa njira kulenga zithunzi galasi, tidzayesetsa kuti tikupeza, kenako m'nkhani ino.

Njira yapadera kupanga othimbirira galasi

Othimbirira zithunzi mandala, moyo, zithunzi, amene anapanga makombo kapena padziko galasi. Polenga tingachipeze powerenga papezeka mchitidwe kumanga ndi mbiri zitsulo. zidutswa akuda galasi ndi cholukanalukana mwa broaches woonda kusunga labwinobwino lonse zikuchokera. Mbiri yaitali ya othimbirira galasi luso chabutsa kwambiri za njira zosiyanasiyana za kupanga zodzikongoletsera pachiyambi. umisiri wamakono kulenga makumi othimbirira galasi.

njira A galasi limatsogolera

Kusakaniza - ndichiyani? Choncho anaitana mmodzi mwa njira galasi processing kwa galasi othimbirira. njira likuchokera ku dzina la English wa kusakaniza (Kutentha, kusungunuka, sintering) ndipo umaimira akamanena za ndondomekoyi. Mchikakamizo cha kutentha, ena zinthu galasi akhoza adzatsekeredwa kugwirizana kwa wina ndi mnzake mu yachilendo osiyanasiyana zikuchokera. zokongoletsera izi ankadziwika kuti Aiguputo akale mpaka kumbuyo monga Ine m'ma BC. Koma patapita zaka njira kupanga pafupifupi sanagwiritse ntchito luso la galasi wodetsedwa.

kusakaniza njira wakhala akupangidwa ndi bwino mu nineties Mu zaka zapitazo. Ngakhale mu Germany ng'anjo wapadera kwa galasi limatsogolera zinalengedwa. Mu dziko lino, nakhalanso njira ndipo ambiri ofala.

kusakaniza luso: magawo ndi mbali

The ndondomeko kupanga tichipeza zinthu zingapo, omwe tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane.

• Pati. Malinga ndi njira osankhidwa ndi galasi preform. Amve ndi lolondola ntchito kukonzekera mwachindunji amadalira zatha. Ndiye, galasi kusakaniza chimaposa zotsatirazi. Izi kutentha mankhwala.
• Kutentha. Okonzeka theka-chotsirizidwa aikidwa mu uvuni wapadera, amene usavutike kutentha ankafuna. Galasi chimasungunula ndipo pang'onopang'ono amapeza wofiira lalanje hue. zidutswa Choyamba anasintha kukakamirana pamodzi, ndiyeno kuphatikiza mu wogwirizana lonse.
• Zosautsa. Pamene akuyesetsa kumanzere kwa nthawi anakonzeratu, pazipita kutentha mankhwala galasi (maola 2-4). Iyi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri wakupambana kusakaniza. Kodi izi zikutanthauza tsogolo chobalidwa? Yaitali kukhudzana pansi ena magawo matenthedwe zipangitsa kusalala wangwiro ndi pazipita ndege kuphika mpukutu.
• Yozizira. Pamene galasi preform amapeza mawonekedwe ankafunila, uvuni ndi ikanazimitsidwa. mankhwala ndi utakhazikika kwa firiji pang'onopang'ono, popanda kuchotsa izo kuchokera uvuni.

njira sintering

Kusakaniza - umo ndi momwe zimachitika? processing luso galasi sintering lagawidwa mitundu itatu:

• Full kusakaniza - mtheradi galasi limatsogolera mchikakamizo cha kutentha okwera (700-900 ° ^C). Ngati magetsi amphamvu a zigawo chapamwamba cha chuma cha kulemera yake pansi ndi kupasuka mu m'munsi.
• Polufyuzing kapena primetochnoe sintering (500-550 ° ^C) - tsankho limatsogolera ndi kusintha pang'ono mawonekedwe. Zinthu payekha ali cholukanalukana, kukhala pamwamba chochuluka.
• The kutupa - kusintha mawonekedwe a galasi mchikakamizo cha kulemera yake. Pamene T 600-650 ^C. zinthu kumafeŵetsa natenga maonekedwe a pamwamba pa limene lili. Gawo lapansi ndi zinthu za zipangizo refractory (pulasitala, dongo).

kusakaniza

Wotchuka kwambiri pakati okonza amagwiritsa planar sintering. Yosalala monolithic Nkhani zingakhale ngati galasi papezeka, zojambula kukongoletsa kapena mbale pachiyambi (mbale, thireyi). Kuti akonze zinthu kuchokera kusakaniza galasi kufunika maziko, ndi mndandanda wa zinthu payekha. Monga gawo lapansi ntchito kapena ochiritsira wachikuda galasi makulidwe a mamilimita 3 mpaka 5.

Mu kupanga zinthu kwa nyimbo tsogolo angagwiritsidwe ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana: .. Kalavani ya galasi frit, granule, etc. Iwo anakonza pa ndege mogwirizana ndi thumbnail Utsogoleri fano. Pakuti zinthu za kukula anakhumba ndi mawonekedwe ntchito wodula galasi ndi forceps.

Kusakaniza-phorminx njira zimathandiza kuti yesezera nkhani atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena za masanjidwe osiyana. The mukufuna chingapezeke mu njira zingapo:

• Chisa - "Kumanga zisa molakwika" ndi mkangano pamwamba pa galasi ndi chida chapadera;
• Chosema - zina chokongoletsera munthu chithunzi zinthu;
• Pate de A Ver - akuponya mankhwala ntchito njira yapadera;
• kupenta - yokongola ntchito ufa galasi wosakaniza ndi zomatira zikuchokera;
• kupinda - kulenga akalumikidzidwa yokhota kumapeto ntchito reheating zinaphatikizidwa galasi.

Izi zikungofanana ndi yaing'ono mndandanda wa mitundu ya galasi kusakaniza. Zochita zawo, pali zambiri.

Tsatanetsatane kwa kalembera

Professional kusakaniza mfiti kukhazikitsa mfundo zawo kulenga ntchito zambiri zosiyanasiyana zochokera galasi, lomwe ndi ambiri:

• frit - particles chabwino cha galasi wosweka;
• Zakudyazi - wochepa thupi yopapatiza n'kupanga;
• tchipisi, kapena confetti - zozungulira mbale si kuposa mamilimita 0.5 wakuda;
• ndodo - ndodo galasi 15 mm m'mimba mwake;
• stringers - thonje makulidwe a 5 mpaka 8 mamilimita;
• timiyala - teardrop woboola pakati galasi particles pa planar gawo lapansi;
• Zojambulazo - zabwino mapepala zotayidwa chifukwa kusakaniza mu pamwamba.

Kuti mankhwala osati wokongola komanso cholimba, ayenera kuganizira ngakhale zipangizo za ntchito.

Sintering ng'anjo galasi

ntchito zipangizo zina zapadera kubala kutentha. Ndondomeko kulamulira uvuni Kutentha imagwiridwa ndi gulu lapadera. Apa mungathe kusintha mlingo mphamvu, sitepe ndi sitepe kukhazikitsa kusintha kutentha ndi kulolerana wa powerengetsera mkombero. Anamanga-programmable kutentha Mtsogoleri limakupatsani kulamulira bwinobwino ndondomeko ya sintering galasi.

chifukwa kusakaniza ng'anjo ali ndi mphamvu osiyana ndi makulidwe. Kusankha mtundu anakhumba zimadalira cholinga ndi ukulu wa ntchito. zitsanzo Current ndi inertia otsika ndi kutchinjiriza omveka bwino, amene angapo ubwino zoonekeratu:

• The makulidwe osachepera - amachepetsa kulemera akukhudzidwira dongosolo ndi kumawonjezera mkati ng'anjo danga;
• wachiphamaso wosanjikiza - facilitates akuchitira yeniyeni njira zonse;
• otsika matenthedwe madutsidwe - kumachepetsa mowa mphamvu limachititsa ntchito mu malo m'banja.

The Kutentha ng'anjo kusakaniza zinthu anayikidwa mu isolators khwatsi, amene kumathandiza slag kulowa galasi ndipo kumathandiza kuti ndimeyi ufulu wa kutentha.

mtengo wa mankhwala

Khalani mtengo kwa chotsirizidwa cha galasi kovuta, chifukwa si za chikhalidwe lokhazikika. Pa mtengo okwana kusakaniza zimakhudza zinthu zambiri:

• kukula ndi makulidwe a chotsirizidwa;
• chiwerengero cha mitundu ndi tints;
• khalidwe la zipangizo ndi mtengo wogulira awo;
• kuchulukitsa kwa fano;
• muyenera kuti unsembe ndi mayendedwe a dongosolo yotsirizidwa.

Mbali yofunika ya mtengo wa chilengedwe yomalizidwa ndi kukhala sewero limene unalengedwa kusakaniza. Price mulinso ndalama ntchito. mita imodzi lalikulu la papezeka galasi anapanga njira ya kusakaniza, akhoza ndalama kwa 30 000 rubles. Zoyerekeza mawu a kuphedwa kwa anamulamula zimenezi - sabata imodzi.

Kodi kuphunzira luso kusakaniza

Images galasi luso yopanga umaimiridwa ndi sintering njira zophweka. Ngakhale kuchuluka kochepa wa chidziwitso kuti nokha zina kusakaniza yosavuta. Master kalasi pa chilengedwe cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana akhoza analandira mwa kuphunzira mabuku osiyanasiyana ndi kuonera mafilimu. Koma ngati inu adzakhala ndi mwayi wokakhala nawo maphunziro maphunziro ochokera kwa akatswiri odziwa, muyenera kuti uwu. Pankhaniyi, mungathe osati kuonera sewero lonse ndi odabwitsa komanso zosangalatsa ndondomeko ndi maso ako, komanso kutenga nawo mbali pa izo.

Chifukwa manja awo zokongola chithunzi kapena chakudya yapamwamba, mudzakhala ndi chimwemwe chodzala tsaya chilengedwe. mphunzitsi adzatiwuza zinthu zonse subtleties ndi mokoma ntchito yolenga, iyankha mafunso onse zokhudza njira kusakaniza. Master kalasi mu mode moyo wa kukambirana kukupatsani zambiri kuposa Maphunziro ndi Maphunziro kanema.

Ngati Nzeru zimene anapeza chidzabweretsa chimwemwe pa inu akufuna kwambiri kuthetsa kusakaniza, ndiye mukhoza kuchita izo kunyumba, popanda kutsatira ntchito aluso.