Kumenyana njira ya Freud ndi zitsanzo. mabuku Psychology amene ifunika ku welenga

Kumenyana njira Freud kuimira Poyankha ena ubongo zikuchitika kunja zimene zimachitika ndimosadziwa. Kupotoza zenizeni ndi kucenjerera maganizo ake, iwo amathandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha maganizo.

tanthawuzo

Zoteteza zimagwirira - iyi ndi imodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri za psychoanalysis, lomwe ndi njira kudziteteza (womwe ndi kuteteza wake "Ine"), ulamuliro nyemba zoipa amachokera ku chikumbumtima anthu. Izi zimachitika mchikakamizo cha malamulo chikhalidwe ndi malamulo, amene, mulimonse, akuika kukakamiza munthu. A limagwirira chitetezo lakonzedwa kuteteza anthu ku mmene angathere ndi nkhawa, amene amayamba ndi disparity zikhulupiriro chikhalidwe ndi maganizo a munthu. Mawu amenewa anali woyamba anafuulira mu 1894 ndi zamaganizo wotchuka Sigmund Freud.

Mitundu ya asilikali oteteza

Chifukwa makhalidwe munthu wa anthu mosiyanasiyana zikuchitika, maganizo ndi zikhumbo lamkati. Pa nkhani imeneyi, mitundu zotsatirazi njira chitetezo tingaone:

• kusamutsidwa;
• ziyerekezo;
• M'MALO;
• kusalumikizana;
• anachita mapangidwe;
• mgwirizano;
• sublimation;
• kukana.

katundu Basic wa asilikali oteteza

chiwerengero A mbali ndi chitetezo njira Freud. Ndi zitsanzo moyo weniweniwo yankhoyi ifunika ku welenga kuti timvetsetsetse chikhalidwe cha zodabwitsazi. Choncho, asilikali a chitetezo ndi katundu zotsatirazi:

• ndi mtundu wa tokha, zinadziwika pa mlingo chikomokere;
• kupotoza maganizo chabe amene angakhale zambiri woopsawo anthu kuposa leni kuopseza panopa;
• zikuimira zochita maganizo mbali zochitika zachilengedwe;
• zingabuke pa maziko a mantha kuti zilakolako zoipa kudzalimbikitsa m'gulu la sadziwa.

kusamutsidwa

Poganizira njira chitetezo Freud, poyamba pa zonse izo Dziwani ya kusamutsidwa. Ndi mtundu wa maziko imene kenako akhoza kupangidwa njira zina. Kupondereza ndi "ndikuiwala" kapena "kuchotsa" m'maganizo a maiyo ndi malingaliro amene amayambitsa maganizo nkhawa. Pankhaniyi, kukumbukira akhoza zokha zimene zinachitika Yesu asanachititse zoipa.

Tikumbukenso kuti kusamutsidwa ndi malire. Pali nthawizonse chiopsezo kuti chokumbukira zinthu zosasangalatsa kudzaonekera kunja, chifukwa chake amaika ndalama yaikulu kwambiri mphamvu yimitsira awo. Izi zingathe kusokoneza Utukula za Umunthu wa munthu. Komabe, ngakhale kusamutsidwa limagwirira katundu, kuwalimbikitsa akhoza reappear mu maloto kapena kuzembera mu zosungitsa lapansi.

Kumenyana njira ya Freud zikugwirizananso ndi moyo weniweni. Mwachitsanzo, mwamuna wamakhalidwe, ndi ukoma wa mfundo zake za makhalidwe abwino, salola kuti n'kutheka kuti kuperekedwa kwa mkazi wake. Iye mwamphamvu displaces maganizo amenewa ndi kukhumbira. Komabe, n'zotheka kuti mu loto iye watenga mbali mu zosangalatsa za mkazi wachiwerewere.

ziyerekezo

Mu mavuto nthawi zinayambitsa njira zodzitetezera. Freud pa malo chachiwiri pali ziyerekezo. Tanthauzo kwagona kuti munthu akuyesera kuloza malingaliro awo, malingaliro ndi mavuto kwa anthu ena. Choncho, sumabala mlandu uliwonse ndi udindo zolephera zawo ndi mavuto.

Mwachitsanzo, mwana wasukulu kapena wophunzira amene sanakonzekere mayeso. A chizindikiro choipa, iye amayesa kupereka zifukwa chithandizo prejudicial ya aphunzitsiwo. Ngati ife kulankhula za mpikisanowo, pogonjetsedwa kwawo, kawirikawiri mlandu khalidwe osauka zida masewera munda kusewera ndi mokondera refereeing.

m'malo

Nkhani za chitetezo maganizo, sangaunyalanyaze m'malo. njira yake ndi zingasokoneze kuchokera kuopseza kuti chinthu china. Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pa njira imeneyi ya kanthu - ndi mwana, makolo anga kulangidwa chifukwa prank a. Wosanyengereredwa kuwayankha, Amachichitira mkwiyo wake pa m'bale wamng'ono kapena mlongo, kuwakankha kapena kuswa zidole.

M'malo anachita ndi chibadidwe osati ana komanso akuluakulu ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri pansi oukira ndi kutsutsidwa gawo la kasamalidwe. Kuopa kutaya ntchito unawaletsa aboma kuyankha. Komabe, akubwera kunyumba, iwo akhoza zosonyeza mokwiya achibale awo.

Dziwani kuti anthu ena m'malo achilendo ntchito m'malo limagwirira. Pokhala ofoka mwa chirengedwe, iwo sangakhoze zosonyeza olusa awo pa mlendo, choncho anayamba kupondereza okha. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu kubisa kudzikonda maganizo, kuchita kudzipatsa mlandu ndi kudziona popemphera.

kusalumikizana

chitetezo maganizo ngati njira zothetsera nkhawa angasonyeze mu mawonekedwe a kusalumikizana. Ichi ndi kupotoza dala chenicheni Pofuna kukhala mkulu mlingo wa kudzidalira. Pali zovuta mfundo dongosolo, limene lakonzedwa zifukwa khalidwe zopanda nzeru. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo chidwi kwambiri kwa limagwirira oterewa tingawapeze ngakhale mu nthano za Aesop. Akulongosola nkhandwe, omwe sangafikire nthambi ku mpesa. Kuti zifukwa linalephera, iye ananena kuti zipatso akadali zosapsa.

zitsanzo zimenezi angapezeke mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwachitsanzo, mkazi si nthawi zonse nayenso chidwi ndi mapesedwe a amuna. Sanafune kuvomereza mfundo imeneyi, munthu akhoza kutsimikizira wa unattractiveness ake, kapena popereka mphekesera zonyoza. vuto lina okhudzana ndi wophunzira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wodandaulayu analephera kuchita pa sukulu yeniyeni amayamba kutsimikizira ndi ena kuti ntchito iye si chidwi.

mapangidwe anachita

Kuzama zamaganizo Freud zimasonyezanso munthu limagwirira monga mapangidwe anachita. Iwo anazindikira m'magawo awiri:

• ndi yimitsira zosayenera zoipa zimachitika;
• Subconsciously anapanga zilakolako za zili zosiyana.

Nthawi zambiri, njira kumeneku mu moyo wapoyera. Choncho, amaona zosayenera anthu lofotokozedwa chilakolako chogonana. Choncho mkazi ndi mbali zofanana, kuyesera mu njira iliyonse kupondereza iwonso. Kupeza zabwino chithunzi anthu, mwina ngakhale kutumikira womenya kuima kwa makhalidwe ndi makhalidwe. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi amuna amene ali wotsutsa ubale amuna anzanga ndipo okha mobisa ndi zizoloŵezi zofanana.

mgwirizano

Mgwirizano - izi ndi njira ina yodzitetezera. Psychology amafotokoza kuti kubwerera ku makhalidwe ubwana ndi cholinga kudziteteza ku zodabwitsa ndi nkhawa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ndi m'badwo uwu ndi omasuka kwambiri ndi otetezeka mfundo za maganizo a dziko. Mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe ofunika kwambiri a mgwirizano akhoza ankaona kulira.

sublimation

zimagwirira maganizo chitetezo Freud mulinso sublimation. limagwirira Zimenezi zimathandiza munthu kusintha zikhumbo ndi maganizo ake kotero kuti tingasonyezere mawonekedwe kuti alandiridwa anthu. Mu maganizo, sublimation imatengedwa ngati limagwirira chitetezo wathanzi labwino ndiponso moyenera. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti munthu sanalamulire ku chiwonetsero cha zikhumbo zawo, koma amasintha mawonekedwe a kugonjera.

Freud, anapatsidwa kulunjika chiphunzitso wake, unali wachilendo kulipira mwapadera kwa sublimation za chibadwa kugonana. Ndi chodabwitsa, iye kulumikiza nyamuka zosaneneka za chikhalidwe ndi sayansi, amene anayambitsa kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Ngati njira imeneyi ndi kupanga chenicheni ano, tikhoza tchulani chitsanzo cha achinyamata kuti zosachitika zosowa zawo kugonana sublimated pa zinthu zomwe takwaniritsa zamasewera.

Ngakhale kuti ambiri amabisa izo, nthawi zambiri mukhoza kukumana anthu ndi yankhanza. Choncho, anthu ndi kupatuka kuti zikhoza kukhala dokotala bwino. Monga kukhumbira akhoza sublimated kuti kulemba mabuku ofufuza.

kukana

njira zodzitetezera wa umunthu molingana Freud monga mchitidwe monga kukana munthu. Iwo kwagona kuti munthu m'gulu akukana kuzindikira mfundo za chochitika zochitika chowawa. Chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri tinganene kuti mwana anachita imfa ya Pet wokondedwa. Iye akukana kuvomereza imfa imeneyi, kukhulupirira kuti nyama akadali penapake pafupi. Chitsanzo ofanana zikhoza kukhala chifukwa imfa ya wokondedwa. Atakana zoonekeratu angathe kukhala chipembedzo kuti wachibale tsopano akukhala m'Mwamba, kapena mzimu wake alipo m'nyumba.

Nthawi zambiri kukana limagwirira kumayambika pamene izo zifika ku thanzi. Choncho, kumverera zizindikiro za matenda, munthu akhoza kungoyankha kunyalanyaza, kutsimikizira ndekha kuti sizingatheke ngati imeneyi. A zotani zofanana zingaoneke pa matenda kale anatsimikizira.

Books maganizo, yomwe ifunika ku welenga

Pasanapite nthawi yaitali, aliyense kuyamba kukhala ndi chidwi izi kapena njira zina za chikumbumtima ndipo subconsciousness. Njira yabwino timudziwe bwino ntchito ya zamaganizo Sigmund Freud. Books, kuwerenga maganizo anthu amene bwino ankaimira ndi:

• "Kuchita Psychoanalysis" - izi ndi limodzi mwa mabuku otchuka kwambiri, ndipotu ntchito imeneyi akuganiza kwambiri lonse ntchito Freud a. Pali zokhazikitsa kamba waukulu omwe chikoka zikuluzikulu chitukuko zina osati za kuwerenga maganizo ndi mankhwala, komanso mabuku.
• "Kumasulira Maloto" - ntchito yaikulu, amene wakhala mmodzi wa otchuka kwambiri zaka mazana makumi awiri. Apa ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku ndi Freud mbali atakomoka kwa malingaliro amene akulamulira achibadwidwe anthu, koma zovuta kuphunzira. Apa, ankaona ikuimira maloto, kumatithandiza kumvetsetsa mavuto, mantha ndi zokhumba za munthu aliyense payekha.
• "Psychopathology wa Tsiku ndi Tsiku Moyo" - Izi ndi lachiwiri yaikulu kuphunzira Freud. Buku zogwirizana ndi tsiku lino, choncho ndi chinsinsi kuphunzira kuwerenga maganizo. Cholinga ndi zolinga chikomokere, zomwe zikhoza kuchita monga kuwalimbikitsa, komanso zimachititsa matenda a maganizo.
• "Ine ndi Iwo" - mtundu wa mndandanda wa ntchito za zamaganizo yemwe tinganene kuti kukwaniritsidwa kwa ntchito yake. N'zovuta kufotokoza chakudya waukulu psychoanalysis, koma anaperekanso kochokera kwawo ndi kutsimikizira.
• "Totem ndi Taboo" - ntchito imene Freud, kudalira kafukufuku yake ndi chiphunzitso, kuyesera kuvumbulutsa zachisinsi ca mavuto la Genesis. Choncho, wolemba akulankhula nkhani ya chikhalidwe, chipembedzo, makhalidwe abwino, malamulo ndi mbali zina za dziko.
• "Psychology anthu wamba ndi kusanthula za anthu" Ine "- ndi ntchito imene Freud anakhala ntchito lofunika khalidwe la khamu komanso Mukalongosola kufunika anthu wamba mutu ..
• "Essays pa kuwerenga maganizo a kugonana" - Kutolere imene zamaganizo kuwukitsa nkhani zovuta kwambiri. Kuyambira pano mukhoza kuphunzira za chikhalidwe ndi zimayambitsa wapamtima zolakwika chizolowezi mphulupulu ndi zankhanza, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndi zina zotero N..

Dziwani kuti si onse mabuku kuwerenga maganizo amene ifunika ku welenga. M'pofunikanso kuphunzira ntchito za anthu ena ogwira ntchito amene ali ndi malingaliro osiyana pang'ono a zinthu kuposa Freud.

anapezazo

Kumenyana njira ya Freud ndi mtundu wa anachita chikomokere amene adamulowetsa mu mavuto kapena ataopsezedwa. Ziribe kanthu chomwe mtundu wa chotchinga ndi adamulowetsa Mulimonsemo, akunena za mtengo ndithu mphamvu, amene nthumanzi amakhudza cholinga. Komanso, zosavuta ndi limagwirira makamaka lalikulu mphamvu zolowetsa pamafunika, ndi zambiri kupotoza zenizeni cholinga.

Popeza chikhalidwe cha zochita chikomokere kumbuyo, osati aliyense akhoza kusamalira izo. Komabe, anaona mphamvu ya pheretsa, munthu akhoza kukhala mwadala kuwaika mu mkhalidwe wovuta. Kuda kudalira njira imeneyi si zofunika, chifukwa zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri dothi zikamera wa mavuto a m'maganizo.