Kukodzedwa chipika dongo: makhalidwe, miyeso, mitengo. Yomanga chipika konkire

zomangira ndi chaka ndi chaka kwambiri angwiro. Izi malinga ndi kufunika kuchepetsa ndalama ndi kuwongolera ntchito pa ntchito yomanga nyumba. Block kukodzedwa dongo - ndi zinthu zapadera zopangitsa kuti ntchito yomanga ndi kutchinjiriza nyumba. Izi zili wotchuka kwambiri, chifukwa ali zambiri za ubwino.

Kodi chipika ndi?

Anapereka mchitidwe tichipeza zigawo zingapo kwathunthu zachilengedwe ndi otetezedwa, zipolopolo dongo, mchenga, madzi ndi simenti. Iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga otsika-nyamuka nyumba. Ikani zomangira akhoza kukhala pafupifupi kulikonse, kaya zinthu nyengo.

chipika konkire akhoza kukhala mawonekedwe osiyana ndi kukula. Mwachitsanzo, kutalika kwa chinthu ndi ranges ku masentimita 19 ndi 24, m'lifupi - kuchokera masentimita 7 mpaka 50, kutalika -. Masentimita 12 ndi 45 mkati chipika cha dongo kukodzedwa ali voids operekedwa ndi amene lightness ndi kutentha chimateteza chuma cha mchitidwe wa. Pakuti unsembe yachidule ndi yosavuta pa chilichonse chopangidwa monga pamaso pa grooves ndi zitunda.

wachuma

Tsopano m'pofunika kuganizira, kodi ubwino ali chipika cha dongo kukodzedwa. Choncho, tingachite bwino kunena za ubwino operekedwa ndi mankhwala:

1. mlingo wochepa wa madutsidwe matenthedwe. Ndiko kuti, midadada ya amaonedwa kukhala insulator kwambiri, okhoza kusunga kutentha mu chipinda.

2. A digiri mokwanira mkulu wa mphamvu.

3. A zikumveka bwino kutchinjiriza. Choncho, nkhaniyi angagwiritsidwe ntchito yomanga nyumba, umene udzakhazikitsidwe pafupi misewu wotanganidwa.

4. Kuwala kulemera. Ubwino Izi zimathandiza ngakhale kumanga yosanjikizana dongosolo pansi si amphamvu kwambiri.

5. Quick ndi zosavuta processing.

Kuti 6. fundo mankhwala, chinyezi, kusintha kutentha ndi zoipa zina.

7. Kamangidwe zokongoletsa.

8. mtengo Yabwino.

9. fundo moto ndi kuvunda.

10. Mphamvu mkulu ndi durability.

11. zachilengedwe chiyero.

konkire chipika kukula amalola kuti ntchito yomanga nyumba kwambiri za zomangamanga. Ndipo nkhaniyi angathe "kupuma." Ndipo kukula kwa chipika konkire limachititsa kuchepetsa ndalama yomanga.

Kodi kuipa ali zakuthupi?

Komabe, pali zovuta pang'ono:

- Mkulu mlingo wa fragility. Choncho, si koyenera kuti ntchito midadada zonse maziko ndi nyumba mkulu-nyamuka.

- The mphamvu ang'onoang'ono poyerekeza ndi zina zakuthupi.

Komabe, zolakwa izi mosavuta inathetsedwa. A ambiri ubwino amapanga zinthu zogwirizana.

Mitundu ya njerwa ndi simenti

Tsopano m'pofunika kuganizira zimene mitundu ya mankhwala amenewa. Izi zidzakuthandizani mofulumira kudziwa kusankha zomangila. Choncho, kukodzedwa midadada dongo, mtengo ranges ku masenti 0,25 kuti 0,60 pa gawo, zingakhale:

1. dzenje. Pamafunikanso kachulukidwe osati yaikulu kwambiri ya yothetsera mu kupanga zigawo zikuluzikulu. Ntchito ngati midadada akhoza yomanga ndi kukonzanso mphamvu zopulumutsa kunyumba.

2. A wokhathamira. Iwo ndi osalimba mkulu. zinthu zoterozo angagwiritsidwe ntchito yomanga katundu mwankhanza nyumba, kapena chapansi. Zikatero ndi n'komwe ndi bwino matenthedwe ndi phokoso kutchinjiriza, kuti zinthu zoipa opaleshoni wokhazikika.

makhalidwe luso

Chuma kumanga ili i luso amene ankati ndi Mlengi. Malingana ndi mtundu wa mankhwala kupangidwa. Ngati mukufuna kuyamba kumanga chipika konkire, m'pofunika kulabadira makhalidwe zotsatirazi:

- kachulukidwe: kuchokera 350 mpaka 1800 makilogalamu / mamita ^3.

- Frost: kuchokera m'zinthu 100 mpaka 500.

- Compressive mphamvu: 0,5 - 50 MN / mamita ^2.

- Makulidwe: kutalika - 138-188 mm, m'lifupi - 90-288 mm, kutalika - 90-590 mm.

Ndipo midadada nkomwe kukhala.

zakuthupi Features

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti zinthu anapereka ali otchuka kwambiri. Izi zonse chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo. Mwachitsanzo:

- Pa unsembe pafupifupi palibe nkhondo. Ndipo pambuyo nyumbayi pafupifupi akukhala.

- Pamene osalimba a zinthu, ndilo 600 makilogalamu / mamita ^{3 ndi} amapereka mkulu kutchinjiriza khalidwe zomangamanga, m'pofunika kuti makulidwe yakeyo anali osachepera 50 cm.

- Kuyenera kudziŵika komanso ngozi yochepa ya ming'alu m'makoma alimbane ndi njerwa ndi simenti. chakuti zinthu mkulu flexural mphamvu.

- Chifukwa zitunda ndi grooves zinthu zosavuta kukhazikitsa. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuika likukhalira amphamvu kwambiri.

- Gwiritsani ntchito mabuku operekedwa kungakhale kumangira nyumba amenewa, umene usavutike. chakuti midadada ndi otsika chinyezi mayamwidwe.

- The mtengo chuma ichi n'cholandirika. N'chifukwa chake konkire chipika kunyumba ayamba otchuka. Makamaka nthawi ya zomangamanga awo yafupika kwambiri.

Mwatsatanetsatane zakuthupi

Kupanga mankhwala agonjera muyenera pang'ono ndithu zakuthupi. Zonse zimene ziri, choncho chitetezo zachilengedwe mankhwala kungakupatseni ndi Mlengi. Ntchito muyenera mchenga, simenti, madzi ndi kukodzedwa dongo (calcined dongo mu mawonekedwe a mipira zing'onozing'ono). Komanso, muyezo zofunika ndi nusu la nkhaniyo. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa zinthu olimba anatengedwa chipika konkire, zomwe si upambana masentimita 2.1, dzenje - 0.5-1 cm.

The lonse kupanga ndondomeko tichipeza magawo ena:

1. Kukonzekera kusakaniza. Nkofunika mogwirizana ndi kufanana onse.

2. Kuthira zisamere pachakudya ndi ramming kusakaniza.

3. zimapita atilakwira.

4. Kuyanika zinthu. Pamafunika za 1-2 masabata.

Pankhani thandizo luso, simuyenera zida zodula kwambiri chipika konkire. Nkofunika kuti anali woyenera ndi khalidwe. Kupanga, inu mukhoza kugula mzera makina. Ngati inu mulibe ndalama zokwanira pa izo, inu mukhoza kugula zipangizo zochepa zofunika: chipangizo wosakanizira zosakaniza, ndi akututuma tebulo potero njira, zimapita zinthu uvuni. Ndipo inu muyenera malo oyanikapo midadada yotsirizidwa.

Pa zoletsedwa ndi malamulo onse zamakono mwachindunji zimadalira mlingo wa mankhwala khalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, pofuna kuti zinthu cholimba kwambiri, akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku njira ya polystyrene (foamed).

Gwiritsani ntchito mfundo zimenezi zingakhale zothandiza pa ntchito yomanga zapansi, osambira, nyumba otsika-nyamuka, maziko ndi chapansi malo. Popeza kupanga chipika konkire si zovuta kwambiri, akhoza kukonza muli nazo.

Njira stacking midadada

Dongosolo anali amphamvu, ndi kuima kwa zaka zambiri, m'pofunika kumanga bwino. Mwachibadwa, imeneyo mayunitsi kupanga kulola kuti erection mwamsanga ndipo popanda vuto. Koma njira stacking koma kudziwa mtengo. Pali ochepa:

1. kutalika wina ndi ligation. Choncho kutchinjiriza makoma ndi kuvomerezedwa. Njira imeneyi ndi yabwino kwa ntchito yomanga nyumba yaing'ono ndi malo osambira.

2. The makulidwe a chinthu umodzi. Mbali yakunja ya khoma pa nthawi yomweyo umamumvera kutchinjiriza ndi mumtima - kupaka pulasitala. Ndi bwino kumanga mu njira malo malonda.

3. ligation zinthu ndi malo therebetween. danga ayenera kudzazidwa ndi zinthu lotsekedwa. Ndi njira imeneyi ndi bwino ntchito yomanga m'nyumba ndi nyumba zing'onozing'ono.

kuika luso

Mfundo palibe peculiarities. zinthu zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo ngati ndi njerwa. Ntchito sikutanthauza zipangizo zapadera. Ndi zofunika kukonzeketsera yekha mlingo roleti trowel, chowongolera, ndi mphira nyundo, ndipo chidebe aliyense njira yothetsera. Kulimbikitsa zomangamanga angatanthauze ikuthandizira mauna.

Mwachibadwa, m'munsi kwa kuika ayenera kale kukonzekera ndi limagwirizana. Komanso akuika mzere woyamba wa atilakwira. Iye anaika pa ngodya ya. nambala iyi aikidwa ndi kumatira njira, makulidwe amene sayenera upambana 30 cm.

Pambuyo wosanjikiza woyamba uli wangwiro, ayenera mosamala kufufuzidwa mlingo. midadada ayenera zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo ndi matabwa kuchepetsa. Izi ndi kuonetsetsa kuti kudalirika ndi mphamvu ya mpanda. zimfundo ofukula akhoza Komanso akukonzekera osakaniza kanthu. Chifukwa grooves kudzera slits ndi sadzatero.

Pakani njira ayenera kukhala chinthu chatsopano, m'malo trowel a. Izi zingathandize yunifolomu zomangamanga zambiri. Ndi mbali zonse za njerwa ndi simenti. Chifukwa ubwino wake, chuma limeneli zikufunika kwambiri.