Ecowool: ndemanga. Ecowool: makhalidwe, zofooka

Ambiri a ife, akugwira ntchito yomanga, anakumana ndi kusankha kutchinjiriza kwa nyumba. Pakali pano, msika amapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya heaters zosiyana:

- mwa mawu a khalidwe;

- kupanga zipangizo (achilengedwe kapena kupanga);

- pa mtengo;

- mumayenda wa kutchinjiriza chuma;

- pa tsiku la utumiki wa chotenthetsera ndi;

- pa ikukhudzana katundu kutchinjiriza, ndi makhalidwe ena ambiri.

Njira yabwino imene inatuluka mu m'ma 20 ku North America ndi ku Ulaya msika - ndi mapadi kutchinjiriza kapena ecowool. Ogula ndemanga ndiye muli osiyanasiyana, iwo ali onse zabwino ndi zoipa.

Mbiri mapadi kutchinjiriza

Woyamba kuŵeta kutchinjiriza kwa mapadi zobwezerezedwanso unapangidwa bungwe ku Germany mu 1928. Kenako, mu 50s, pamene Boom wa yomanga chimango nyumba North America, Europe, ulimi wa mapadi CHIKWANGWANI anapeza pamlingo waukulu kupanga. M'mayiko mapadi wadding monga chotenthetsera ndi anapindula kutchuka kwambiri - ndi Canada, USA, Finland, Germany, Austria, ndipo kwambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito zinthu izi, monga zingaoneke zachilendo, mu Japan. Mapadi wadding ku Russia wotchedwa "ecowool".

Yerekezerani: mu Finland, dziko ndi anthu osati anthu oposa 5.5, ulimi wa chotenthetsera izi ndi pafupifupi 25 zikwi matani pa chaka, amene ali oposa 1 miliyoni mamita lalikulu la nyumba insulated. Zambiri za ulimi wa mapadi CHIKWANGWANI chimachititsa yomanga payekha gawo, yomwe ndi oposa 70%. Nthawi zambiri nyumba zimamangidwa zipangizo zamakono nyumba, amene yekha yesezera zachilengedwe zomangira monga laminated maonekedwe matabwa, mitengo, miyala zachilengedwe ndi zina zotero. N. Monga chotenthetsera mkati ndi kumachita mapadi wadding. Mwachitsanzo, mu Finland gawo zokhalamo payekha, amene amalimata ecowool, ndi oposa 80%. Zotsatira chafotokozedwa ntchito imeneyi kutchinjiriza nyumba motere:

- pamene nyengo chinyezi ndi zoipa kutentha mpweya dongosolo analimbikitsa kutchinjiriza zachilengedwe, ndi yaitali kuposa kupanga;

- yafupika mtengo wa kukonza ndi kusamalira malo m'malo nkhani kutchinjiriza;

- ndi chotenthetsera amachita ngati thermos m'nyengo yozizira amasunga kutentha m'chilimwe m'nyengo yotentha - ozizira ndipo kumateteza nyumba yonse ku tizilombo ndi makoswe, amene mliri wa zomangira.

Popeza zimenezi, Unduna wa dipatimenti Zinthu wa Finland anatenga kusankha zofuna zakale zonse m'dziko monga kutchinjiriza chachikulu kapena zina kugwiritsa ntchito mapadi wadding, monga chopezeka hygroscopic, izo lofotokozabe nyengo yoyenera zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho m'nyumbayi ndi ambiri mwalamulo kuteteza mbiri nyumba.

Ndipo mu North America, makamaka ku US, chiwerengero cha nyumba amalimata ecowool yekha anafika pafupi 340 000 mu 2005.

Mu Russia, kufalikira kwa mapadi wadding linayamba mu 90s oyambirira. Ndipo chiwerengero cha makampani popanga ecowool, ndi chiwerengero cha anthu ogula ndi pang'ono ayamba mu kupitirira geometrical. Chifukwa ogula anali kuona makhalidwe abwino a zamkati ndi mmene kuwapeza ntchito zake. Ndipo ambiri Chofunika - Kodi kupezeka ndi mtengo wotsika a zipangizo za ulimi wake.

Kapangidwe ndi zikuchokera ecowool, zimaonetsa

Ecowool ndi chotenthetsera kukhala capillary-porous lotseguka dongosolo. Amakhala:

- mapadi CHIKWANGWANI - 81%;

- lawi retardants (kuteteza woyaka) - 12%

- nonvolatile antiseptic zipangizo (asidi boric) - 7%.

Ecowool advantageously amapangidwa kuchokera zobwezerezedwanso ulusi mapadi, ndicho - wastepaper.

Kutchinjiriza ecowool ali ndi imvi kapena kuwala imvi.

Pali mitundu ina ya heaters, ofanana mu dongosolo, ali:

- mchere ubweya ;

- basalt ubweya ;

- galasi ubweya;

- kukodzedwa polystyrene.

Onse insulations izi kupanga ndi lopangidwa ndi mankhwala phenolic kuti ndi owopsa kwa anthu. Pa Kutentha zinthuzi digiri 250 Celsius kwathunthu volatilized binder, kugwiritsa ntchito zina mwa zinthu zosatheka. Komanso, sangathe wamkulu wa mtundu uwu wa heaters ndi kuti zopangidwa angapange kuti musakhale kuyamwa chinyontho otsala padziko CHIKWANGWANI. Izi n'kukumana ndi mapangidwe mavuto amenewa ndi heaters monga:

- condensation padziko;

- chulutsa nyumba mafangasi padziko ndi zaplesnevenie;

- mapangidwe "mafupa ozizira" mu kutchinjiriza ndi.

Ubwino ekovaty monga chuma ndi hygroscopic

Ecowool, mosiyana angapange chifukwa capillaries zachilengedwe mapadi mu dongosolo lawo kuyamwa chinyontho ndi pafupifupi 14% ndipo sasiya makhalidwe ake monga heaters ena. M'malo mwake, iwo amakhala ndi makhalidwe ake mu boma yonyowa, komanso nkhuni, ndiko kuti, akuzisunga kutentha ndi kamakhala zii. Kwa amene anaganiza konzekera ecowool chipinda, salinso kufunika kwa nthunzi chotchinga film, ngati palibe condensation padziko.

Heaters zopangidwa angapange (mchere, basalt ndi mchere ubweya) ndi makhalidwe oipa amenewa:

- kusuntha mpweya ndi chinyezi limapezeka pa ulusi awo;

- chinyezi si odzipereka zipangizo ndi amasonkhana monga condensate, amene amawononga ozungulira zomangira;

- kuchotsa chinyezi kuchokera kutchinjiriza ndi kukhazikitsa njira ya kuchotsa ake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafilimu Kakhungu steamtight.

Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti mapadi wadding pamene yonyowa sasintha buku wake chifukwa kapangidwe capillary wa ulusi. Ndiko nyengo yozizira, pamene kutentha kunja ndi pansi pa ziro ndi zonse kuchuluka chinyezi, kuchuluka kwa kutchinjiriza ndi moyenera, makoma sasinthidwa.

Pamene kusintha chinyezi panja mapadi wadding compensates kusiyana madzi a chinyezi chifukwa hygroscopicity dongosolo CHIKWANGWANI. M'pofunikanso pamene kunja ukuwonjezeka kutentha, pamene kutentha ndi chinyezi mkati nyumbayi kukhala sichinasinthe. Choncho, chipinda ndi zonse kutentha m'nyengo yozizira ndi kukhalabe ozizira kutentha chilimwe, pokhalabe nyengo yabwino kwa zipangizo ndipo, ndithudi, anthu.

Ecowool akhoza kuyamwa madzi, kotero mlingo ambuye amalangiza ntchito zake chimateteza mapaipi ngati n'kotheka mwadzidzidzi chitoliro wovulala, ndi Zikatero madzi mpaka disconnection chofunika mmene ndingathere kuteteza nyumba kuchokera malowedwe madzi.

Kugwiritsa mapadi CHIKWANGWANI

The ntchito yaikulu ya mapadi wadding:

1. Pamene nkhani kutentha zokutira zitsulo:

- kwa mbewu monga apansi m'munsi ndi chapamwamba pomanga m'nyumba ndi nyumba;

- pamene ntchito ngati pulasitala kutentha;

- kwa kutchinjiriza matenthedwe ya chimango nyumba kuwala;

- kutchinjiriza makoma ecowool (wopangidwa mwa zigawo zingapo);

- pamene tikugwira kukonzanso ntchito kwa nyumba zakale;

2. Monga chuma ndi soundproof:

- ngati mkokomo kungolandira pulasitala;

- mu denga pakati pa mbewu;

- mu partitions khoma.

Ecowool lotsekedwa chapansi, denga ndi pansi slabs zogona, mafakitale, malonda, nyumba ya zaulimi ndi nyumba. Monga wapakamwa kutchinjiriza ntchito kokha mkati zomangamanga ndi.

Yerekezerani ecowool pa katundu ndi zina heaters

Ecowool poyerekeza ndi heaters zina, iwe ubale zotsatirazi.

Gulu mapadi CHIKWANGWANI 15 masentimita limafanana:

- 50 cm wosanjikiza matabwa a mitengo;

- wosanjikiza penobetonav 46 masentimita;

- wosanjikiza masentimita 18 ubweya mchere;

- wosanjikiza dothi kukodzedwa masentimita 90 ndi 146 cm - zomangamanga njerwa.

magawo luso wa mapadi kutchinjiriza monga ecowool, makhalidwe zakuthupi:

- kachulukidwe - 40-75 makilogalamu / mamita ^3;

- matenthedwe madutsidwe - 0,036 kuti 0,042 W / MK

- airtightness - D2 digiri (otsika);

- moto - digiri T2 (amtengo flammable);

- nthunzi permeability - 0,3 mg / (M × W × Pa);

- chinyezi sorption - 16% pa nyengo ya masiku 3;

- chilengedwe (asidi-m'munsi bwino) - pH = 8,3

Unsembe wa mapadi wadding

Unsembe ikuchitika imodzi mwa njira ziwiri:

- Buku;

- basi (kudzera mwa unsembe kuwomba: njira youma kapena konyowa-zomatira).

Buku njira woyala

Izi ndi njira yofala atagona ecowool pamene palibe kuthekera kwa ntchito kachitidwe wapadera chifukwa amakankhidwa kutchinjiriza ntchito. Njira imeneyi poyamba anamasuka ubweya dzanja chida monga wothinikizidwa pamene mmatumba mu matumba. Anamasuka ubweya anaika padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa pamwamba, ndilo phunziro kutentha, kapena anatsanulira kuti patsekeke kutchinjiriza ecowool. Comments Ambuye Goor kuti njira Buku unsembe ndi chikhalidwe zofunika kwa kugwilizana ndi malamulo kuika ubweya kutulutsa mukufuna la kutentha. Choncho, malinga ndi malangizo a akatswiri kuika mlingo ekovaty chipupa 70 makilogalamu pa 1 mita ³ Ngati primenenyat kwa ecowool alipo, otaya adzakhala zosakwana chinthu cha 2, i.e. 35 makilogalamu pa mita ^3.

Makinawa njira woyala

1. kuuma unsembe njira. Kwambiri mulingo woyenera ndi yachangu njira ecowool ntchito pamwamba, koma njira imeneyi kumafuna kum'dziwa njira zoika akatswiri nawo unsembe wake. Kuyamba kutsatira ndondomeko youma ayenera kutseka kraft pepala kapena paperboard yomanga mkati padziko chimango, potero kupeza buku chatsekedwa kwa kudzazidwa danga. Makatoni kapena pepala Ufumuyo ndi zakudya zamtundu kapena zomatira tepi zomangamanga, kuyambira mpweya opanikizika pepala pamwamba akhoza kuwomba mphepo kuthamanga kapena Finyani kutchinjiriza buku.

2. M'madzi-zomatira ntchito njira. Mu njira imeneyi yothetsera ekovaty analengedwa ntchito amadzimadzi zomatira (PVA-kupezeka) a njira yapadera. Ndi unsembe ikuchitika mu ikuwomba-ekovaty kale analenga mlengalenga. Kenako wosanjikiza owonjezera Kadulidwa ndi zouma ndi mfuti kutentha. The ntchito njira imeneyi ndiye kuti zithunzi i.e. kuonekera kudzazidwa chimango mbali.

Palinso zofunika zina kugwiritsa ntchito thonje ubweya mwanjira imeneyi:

- kupopera ekovaty chilengedwe chiyenera kukhala ndi kutentha osati poyerekeza +5 madigiri Celsius;

- wathunthu kuyanika ayenera kutenga malo m'nyengo ya ku masiku 2 mpaka 5, mmene ulamuliro kutentha sayenera kusinthidwa;

- ayenera kuikidwa mpweya wabwino kwa chinyezi nthunzi ku zigawo za kutchinjiriza.

phindu lina ntchito ecowool, ndemanga ogula

Ecowool ndi ndalama kwambiri chifukwa izi danga kutchinjiriza. Popeza ecowool (mtengo umene uli kwambiri poyerekeza kutchinjiriza zina) mu kapangidwe kake ali antiseptic, limatipatsa moyo utumiki yaitali, chitetezo mafangasi ndi nkhungu dongosolo, komanso limawaletsa makoswe. Ecowool ali guluu wolimba wabwino:

- mtengo;

- kuti konkire;

- kuti njerwa;

- galasi ndi zitsulo.

Pa nthawi yomweyo ali chabe malo mankhwala. Ndiko kuti, mwa kuchita ndi zitsulo, simenti kapena matabwa sadzachititsa dzimbiri, dzimbiri kapena zowola. Zikuonekanso ecowool makhalidwe moto kukana, pamene losamasula pa kutentha okwera poizoni koopsa moyo ndi thanzi la munthu.

Ecowool - kuipa

Ogula ndemanga ndi zina zoipa koposa zonse ndi chifukwa zinthu zotsatirazi:

- The ndondomeko atagona kutchinjiriza ndi yafumbi kwambiri, ndipo m'pofunika onetsetsani kuti munthu ndi chitetezo pa mundawo kupuma.

- Mtundu wa kutchinjiriza ali fluidity kwambiri, makamaka khalidwe oipa akuwonekera pamene atagona pa pamwamba ofukula makoma, ndi attics.

- Ecowool ali osalimba mokwanira otsika poyerekeza ndi heaters ena, monga dongo kukodzedwa, ndi polystyrene, etc. Choncho, chifukwa kutchinjiriza wa mbewu "akuyandama" kudzakhala unusable .. Komanso, chifukwa kachulukidwe otsika izo sizingakhoze ntchito kutchinjiriza matenthedwe wa simenti, amene akutsatiridwa kuthamanga kunja.

- Kufunda yake pamalo zovuta zomangamanga sizingatheke popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zina zapadera.

- Ngati mwalephera ecowool ntchito ngati pamwamba pa kupaka pulasitala makoma.

- Iwo ali hygroscopicity mkulu kwambiri, i.e. ecowool sangathe ntchito monga kutchinjiriza m'madera pamwamba analankhulana ndi chilengedwe Link (kwa kutchinjiriza matenthedwe wa pamakoma wakunja, mu malo pamwamba ndi mwachindunji pokhudzana ndi nthaka). Ngakhale drawback ichi mosavuta inathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo madzi a unsembe wa nkhosa.

- Ndiponso kutchinjiriza izi matenthedwe ali ndi mpweya permeability otsika, omwe nthawi zina zosavomerezeka kwa ena nyumba anamanga - milandu amene amafuna mpweya zina, mwachitsanzo kudenga.

Pokambirana funso la chimene ali ecowool kuipa, amakambirana za kuipa kwa zinthu izi pali zochepa kwambiri kusiyana positive. Mfundo ndi ubwino:

- mwamsanga kukhazikitsa kutchinjiriza ntchito makhazikitsidwe kufufuma;

- ndi chuma wochezeka kuti si zimatulutsa nthunzi formaldehyde;

- kosamugonjera kuvunda, cinoni ndi bowa mapangidwe kuti zipangitsa yaitali moyo ecowool chuma (kutchinjiriza opanga zimatsimikizira utumiki nthawi zaka 65, omwe ndi mpata wokwanira nyumba);

- ndiye kwambiri soundproofing chuma, makamaka slabs khoma ndi makoma gulu;

- zonyamula zakuthupi ndi njira convective, pamene mpweya otentha mkati m'malo mwa kutchinjiriza ozizira.

Pomaliza

Mogwirizana ndi maonekedwe komanso katundu wogwidwa ndi ecowool, ndemanga ogula zimenezi ntchito, Ndizachidziwikire kuti zinthu izi nthawi zambiri imawunikidwa monga positive. Pankhaniyi, chinthu chachikulu chimene ecowool amakonda, zonsezi ndi mtengo wake otsika. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri - izo amakhala ndi dzina mapadi ake CHIKWANGWANI - zachilengedwe thonje, zakuthupi kuti lilibe mankhwala aliwonse phenolic, mosiyana ndi kawambidwe kena ubweya yomanga: basalt, thanthwe ndi ubweya galasi.