Kucotsa - ichi n'chiyani? Kodi pangakhale Kupha

Lero, mu nthambi zosiyanasiyana za sayansi zambiri ntchito mawu akuti chomwecho, phindu limene zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi nkhani yake. Mwachitsanzo, kuloŵerera, kuthamanga kudzipatula, kupatsidwa ulemu, kuwonongedwa, ndi zina zotero.

Chitukuko cha sayansi anathandiza yatsoka ayenera kusinthitsa zambiri kudzera mawu, kuyambira mu nkhani iyi nkhani m'menemo Zidzakhala mokwanira lalifupi, ndi chiphunzitso - khirisipi. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, mfundo zatsopano sakupezeka mu dikishonare, kotero patsogolo kayankhulidwe ka kutero. Kukuza malire a nzeru za anthu, tinayamba ntchito Disambiguation. Today tikambirana mmodzi wa iwo. Iwo idzafotokoza kuwonongedwa.

Kodi kuwonongedwa?

Kucotsa - ndiwo mawu Mipikisano ofunika. Angapezeke mu nthambi zambiri sayansi, monga masamu, zachuma, pharmacokinetics, zamoyo ndi zina zotero. Mawu a imeneyi anabwera kwa ife ku Latin. Tamasulira kuchokera ku mawu Latin chinenero eliminare amatanthauza "akuponyedwa", "yamba kunja", koma m'lingaliro lenileni - ". Kuthamangitsa panja"

Kucotsa pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics Mawu akuti "Kupha" amatanthauza kuchotsa mankhwala kwa thupi mwa njira yachibadwa.

Pali woyamba-chiphaso ndi zokhudza zonse kuwonongedwa. Choyamba-chiphaso Kupha - ndi kuchotsa mankhwala pa nthawi pamene mankhwala akadali umadutsa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana (matumbo, mapapo, chiwindi, etc.), mpaka akafika magazi.

Mwadongosolo Kupha chinthu - ndi kuchotsa wake kuchokera m'thupi.

Childs analowa biotransformation wa mankhwala chiwindi, koma zingachitikenso ku ziwalo zina ndi zimakhala. mapulotini Specific (ligandiny) amene ali mu magazi, izo atachotsedwa madzi a m'magazi ndipo anamanga maselo mankhwala, amene ndiye excreted.

Biotransformation ikuchitika mu magawo awiri. Choyamba, ena mwa mankhwala ndi kutembenukira ku metabolites zotakasika, amene mtundu mankhwala ndi zinthu endrogennyh magulu. metabolites amenewa akhoza kudziunjikira mu chamoyo pambuyo makonzedwe mobwerezabwereza mankhwala, kungachititse kusintha ndi selo necrosis kapena thupi lawo siligwirizana.

Mu sitepe yachiwiri aumbike mwa thupi wophatikizidwa esters ndi zidulo osiyana ndi glycine. Pali mankhwala amene kupasuka bwino madzi, bwino kudutsa minofu ndipo anafooka.

Kupha koyefishienti

Chiŵerengero (kuumba) Kuthetsa - imfa tsiku anayambitsa m'thupi chifukwa mankhwala mankhwala excretion wa mankhwala. Khalidwe limeneli chimaonekera ngati kuchuluka, izo ndi zonse kwa aliyense mankhwala.

Choncho, Kupha mankhwala - ndi mwachibadwa excretion wa mankhwala kuchokera zamoyo.

Kuchotsa HIV magazi

Kupha HIV - ndi kuchotsa izo kwa maselo magazi wodwalayo. Posachedwapa yofuna kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri kulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana tizilombo Cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa wa HIV atakhala mankhwala. Cholinga chachikulu cha chitukuko ndi osati ayeretse thupi, komanso kupewa chitukuko cha matenda aakulu.

Kucotsa chuma

chuma monga mmene taonera, mawu akuti "Kupha" kutanthauza kuchotsa kuchokera kupanga mankhwala ena. Kucotsa mankhwala - ichi ndi kutha kupanga ake, kuchotsa ake ku malonda a, achire ku msika ngati imeneyi mogwirizana ndi imfa ya mpikisano ndi kufunika.

Kudziwa mankhwala ayenera kuchotsedwa, ganizilani malonda buku, kuganizira malo mankhwala pa msika, zolowa zake zolowa kampani, likulu, komanso profitability ake.

Kucotsa kusinthasintha mtengo ndi kuwonongedwa kwa akugwedeza mitengo makampani ena kapena katundu.

zamoyo

Mu zamoyo, kuwonongedwa - imfa ya anthu kapena magulu a zamoyo, anthu, mitundu ina chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, ndiye chikoka cha zinthu zachilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri, anthu awa sali ndinazolowera ndondomeko kulimbana kukhalako, ndi anafooka mwa otsalawo. Kupha Pankhaniyi chimaoneka ndi kupulumuka reciprocal.

Kuimfa wa oimira mitundu ndi thupi, pamene munthu amafa chifukwa cha mmene chilengedwe ndi chibadwa limene limasintha genotype, imbaenda ku kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha ana ndi viability awo, kuchepetsa zopereka zawo dziwe jini wa m'badwo wotsatira.

Mu zamoyo, izo anaganiza kuonetsetsa mitundu iwiri ya kuwonongedwa: kusankha ndi kusasala (kapena ofanana).

Cacikulu Kupha - ndi yaikulu zinthu payekha zachilengedwe amphamvu kwambiri mwamphamvu kuti chimaposa kusinthasintha zachilengedwe anthu awa. Chifukwa cha zonse izi, pali kalasi kapena mitundu ikutha, kaya makhalidwe awo. Zinthu kulimbikitsa chiwonongeko cha anthu, mwayi kuposa anatengera awo. Zikuphatikizapo masoka achilengedwe kapena kuchita zomwe linamasulira zinthu zina anthu. Pankhaniyi, palibe Kupha kusankha Koma pali n'zotheka kuti ana adzapulumuka anthu amene kwambiri chonde.

Kusankha Kupha - ndi kutha kwa mbali ina ya anthu amene ali wamng'ono ndinazolowera zotsatira za zinthu zina pomenyera kukhalapo. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula za zochita za kusankha zamoyo. Kodi kupulumuka kwa mamembala Zamphamvu a mitundu.

Motero sayansi zamoyo limasonyeza akuti "Kupha" monga Kupha ziweto kuswana kapena mtundu wonse imfa chifukwa chikoka cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zakunja zonse achibadwa ndi anthropogenic. Apa Mwachitsanzo, monga mpikisano, apulumuke Zamphamvu lapansi.

masamu

Mu masamu, kuwonongedwa - ndi kuchotsa kuchuluka osadziwika a dongosolo aone kuti pali. Pali chinthu choterocho mu sayansi ndi "Kupha quantifiers", kusonyeza njira imene anapatsidwa zomveka chilinganizo umabala osiyana chilinganizo lofanana, umodzi lopanda quantifiers liwuli.

Pamene quantifier Kupha aligorivimu ndi n'zotheka la ntchito kwambiri kafukufuku. Njira kupeza ma aligorivimu kwa ziphunzitso zosiyana izi chinthu chimodzi, kotero ife tikhoza kulankhula za iwo monga njira imodzi. Ngati n'zotheka kutsatira njira imeneyi, m'pofunika kwambiri chifukwa zimathandiza kudziwa wathunthu za chiphunzitso makamaka. izo kumathandiza kuti njira imene tingadziwire, limabweretsa ichi kapena mawu kapena ayi chiphunzitso makamaka. M'mawu ena, zimatsimikizira kuti chiphunzitso analola pa.

Pali ena ziphunzitso mu mfundo masamu, amene analola Kupha quantifiers: queuing chiphunzitso, mfundo za masamu ameneŵa, masamu Presburger wandiweyani kuti liniya, atomless Buliyani ajebura.

Choncho, Kupha quantifiers mu masamu amatilola kuti atsimikizire Lingaliro Lovomerezeka, kuyambira amapanga njira kuthetsa mavuto ena.

Sociology

Mu Chaanthu n'zothekanso kukumana mawu akuti "Kupha". Akunena mawu kupatulapo kusanthula kapena mawerengedwe zinthu, makhalidwe amene ali sichingabweretse mwachisawawa nsinga anaphunzira chodabwitsa kapena ndondomeko.

Mawu akuti "Kupha" ntchito zosiyanasiyana sayansi lero, ali ndi matanthauzo ambiri ndi kutanthauzira, koma chinthu chimodzi zimagwirizana pamodzi: kukhala mmene zinakhalira, pothetsa - kuchotsa, kuwonongedwa, kuwonongedwa, osati chilichonse.