Konkire: kotani Dries, ikamauma ndipo anamvetsetsa poyerekezera ndi kutentha

Konkire ndi inafalitsidwa mu nyumbayi chifukwa tingachidziwe ntchito: ndi zovuta, kuvala zosagwira ndi cholimba. Kuti mupeze makhalidwe amenewa, kapangidwe ayenera kuponyedwa ndi luso lapadera. Mu nkhani ya kuphwanya malamulo kuika njira mchitidwe simungapeze ntchito kuyembekezera. Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito simenti monga ziume nkhaniyi ndi zimene zimatengera pa angapezeke uku?

zakuthupi zikuchokera

mtondo aliyense mwala ndi osakaniza mchenga, simenti ndi madzi. Malinga mtundu wa madzimadzi, ndi Gawo akuwonjezeka fillers zosiyanasiyana:

• Wosweka mwala, miyala.
• Kukodzedwa dongo.
• Slag.
• Polystyrene.
• tchipisi Wood kapena utuchi.

Thirani misa nthawi zimatengera mtundu wa binder womwe wapangidwa konkire. Kodi kuti ziume osakaniza, anatsimikiza mtima mayesero choyezera, kenako yesani akuti chifukwa ntchito kuchita ntchito yomanga maofesi.

zosiyanasiyana binders

nthawi yochuluka bwanji kuti ziume konkire, izo zimatengera makhalidwe a chigawo chachikulu. Pali mitundu ingapo ya binders zomwe ndi maziko a njira:

1. zosakaniza Cementitious zace. Njira izi anali okonzeka kupanga zimakhudza ndi nyumba yovuta. Atakhala nthawi ya osakaniza kuti boma opaleshoni - kuchokera masiku 7 mpaka 14.
2. Gypsum. Konkire pa maziko a binder ntchito yomanga mbali zochepa kuweruza nyumba Mwachitsanzo, dividers chipinda ndi makoma odziimira paokha. The zikuchokera njira zikuphatikizapo osakaniza pozzolan simenti ndi gypsum ufa. Kamangidwe amalandiranso udindo zikugwira ntchito pambuyo 2 masiku.
3. Silicates kuchepetsa mtengo wa simenti, pamene mphamvu makhalidwe kukhala pa mlingo mkulu. Nthawi kukwaniritsa ntchito boma la nkhaniyo zimadalira kufanana misa ndi ndondomeko solidification. zochita autoclave kulankhula masiku 2.
4. Polima-kusinthidwa binder ntchito wosakanizira madzi ndi kulolerana tchipisi kukongoletsa nsangalabwi, lubwe, masoka ndi kupanga inki. Anakonza ikamauma mu ola limodzi, kuti abweretse poyera pamwamba pa katundu kungakhale masiku 3-4.

determinants

Komanso anapereka nthawi avareji oipa kwa konkire Kusakaniza, nthawi ya solidification zimakhudza:

1. Chinyezi. kuchiritsa ndondomeko ndi mankhwala anachita pakati pa binder zikuchokera ndi madzi. Choncho, mwamsanga pamene madzi akuthamanga dongosolo thupi, kanthu mabasi. Kupewa madzi m'thupi ndi akulimbana buku simenti, muyenera kulenga chikhalidwe okwanira chinyezi pafupifupi 75%.
2. Yozungulira kutentha. Popeza zimene madzi nawo, m'pofunika kuteteza yozizira koopsa pa nyengo yozizira. Kutentha anamasulidwa pa kuchiritsa ya mlathowo pa kutentha okwera a zigawo anachita amapezeka kwambiri mofulumira.
3. binder mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi mu njira komanso kudziwa kuchuluka ayenera ziume konkire. Gypsum ufa okwanira kuchuluka kwa madzi amakhala Chomangika patangotha maola ochepa, Portland simenti limafuna 12-16 malingana ndi zinthu zimenezi.
4. structural makulidwe amakhudza solidification okwana njira.

mfundozi tiyenela kuiganizila pamene angagwiritse ntchito yomanga imene konkire umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kodi youma yomanga zimadalira malo ndi kuisamalira buku odzaza.

Nthawi pafupifupi

Nthawi zambiri udindo yomanga nyumba ntchito powerenga simenti konkire. Kodi uphwetsa kamangidwe ka izo, anatsimikiza kufufuza mu malo kumanga ndi zasayansi:

• M'masiku 3 njira amakhala pafupifupi 30% mphamvu, anapatsa chizindikiro, anapereka chinyezi mkulu ndi kutentha osati poyerekeza 15 ⁰ C.
• Kuyambira masiku 7 mpaka 14, konkire amakhala okwanira anthu kayendedwe kuuma 80% ya katundu alonjeza.
• masiku 28 - akonzedwa wodzala atathana yaitali alonjeza mphamvu. Nthawi imeneyi, chinthu akhoza opareshoni pa liwiro zonse.
• Konkire ndi siyanitsa ndi zipangizo luso kuonjezera ntchito zake m'nthawi ya opaleshoni. Iwo ananena kuti pasanathe masiku 90 mwala chimaposa magawo oikidwa ndi 20%.

Mphamvu ya Formwork: inde kapena ayi

Ndi kumanga zinthu zonse zambiri ntchito njira yomanga monolithic. Anthu amafunsa funso kotani youma simenti formwork, ngati zingamvekere kapangidwe oipa?

The ndondomeko ya oipa - si kanthu koma mankhwala anachita. Kusonkhezera liwiro yake zinthu okha kunja: yozungulira kutentha ndi chinyezi, ndi catalysts ena - zina zimene anadzetsa osakaniza kupanga ndi amveke kupeza katundu wina zakuthupi.

Formwork ntchito matabwa matabwa, mbale zitsulo ndi plywood yomanga. zinthuzi ukunenedwa kwa kukonza mawonekedwe a zomangamanga m'tsogolo. Iwo amatha pang'ono kusunga kutentha mu buku kuumitsa, koma osati zedi kuti panali mathamangitsidwe kwambiri kwa ndondomekoyi.

Ndi kuisamalira simenti formwork ikamauma mu mawu kumatanthauza zinthu kutentha:

Patapita nthawi iyi formwork chikutha, kapangidwe akupitiriza kuumitsa nokha, nthawi imeneyi kupitiriza unsembe ntchito pa ntchito yomanga chinthu.

Kudalira kuchuluka kwa nthawi

Monolithic nyumba simenti ndi miyeso osiyana. Madziko ndi nyumba ikuchitika masanjidwe zingapo: gulu, mulu, slab. matupi awo mabuku osiyanasiyana.

Kuti tipeze mmene maziko Dries konkire, tiyenera kuganizira kapangidwe makulidwe. Popeza akuchiritsa ndi oipa - ndi mankhwala anachita, ayenera kupita wogawana lonse voliyumu. Pamene petrification kutentha kusanduka. Choncho, mkati mwa mchitidwe pang'onopang'ono adza kwa boma komaliza. Komanso, mu chapamwamba nsanga evaporation wa madzimadzi mwauchidakwa ndi nkhani amapeza dongosolo chokwanira cha unsembe zina.

Owonjezera wandiweyani kapangidwe, monga slab kukhazikika nyumba zazikulu, maiwe kusambira, Masitolo, chingathe kupirira miyezi itatu mpaka ntchito abwera kunena buku lonse la m'munsi osewera.

Kodi kuonjezera akuchiritsa liwiro

Kodi kuti ziume konkire pa kunja zinthu zachilendo, ife apeza. Tsopano tiyeni tione njira imene Ntchito imeneyi inapita patsogolo:

1. Kukhala ndi zonse chinyezi mlingo ayenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga pambuyo kuika simenti mu formwork lapansi. Pakuti mawonekedwe pogona wodzazidwa ndi chuma madzi (filimu kapena lona) ndi madzi mosalekeza.
2. Kujambula ntchito zinthu kutentha zogwirizana ndi kumanga yozizira. Monga amadziwika, pamene madzi ozizira crystallizes ndi zambiri, amene zivute zitani eg oipa. Pofuna kupewa izi, pomanga yozizira mu formwork chongopeka mkangano kuti imathandizira mankhwala zako. Komanso, mu ulimi wa osakaniza catalysts yeniyeni anawonjezera kuti magawowa yunifolomu ndipo mofulumira zigawo settable.
3. Kukhoza mawerengedwe a chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi simenti solidification zipangitsa osakaniza yake popanda kufunika athamangitsidwe zina za madzi owonjezera.