Konkire hayidiroliki GOST, kapangidwe, makhalidwe, katundu, ntchito

Pakuti nyumba ndi nyumba amene anakumana kuti amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana ndi madzi amafuna chuma chapadera chimene chingathe kupirira mavuto zikuwononga sing'anga madzi. Kumangira zinthu zimenezi pogwiritsa ntchito simenti hayidiroliki zomangamanga. Iye ali mbali zonse zofunikira ntchito otetezeka maofesi anamanga.

tanthauzo

Konkire hayidiroliki limabweretsa gulu molemera, izo ntchito yomanga embankments, milatho ndi nyumba zina, nyumba ndi zina gawo kapena kwathunthu kumizidwa m'madzi, kapena kukhudzana ndi izo.

Mbali A chuma ndi mphamvu yake kukhala ndi makhalidwe koyamba zinthu aukali chilengedwe popanda kuchepetsa ubwino ndi luso la zinthu chonyamulira. Ena ntchito, monga mphamvu, vozdnoy sing'anga ukuwonjezeka ndi nthawi pokhalabe kukhulupirika ndi kapangidwe ka mwala.

Gawo

Pali ena ya kuti tichite ndi zomangamanga konkire hayidiroliki. GOST 26633-2012 "Konkire mwakhama ndi zabwino-grained. Zofunika "nthawi khalidwe zigawo zikuluzikulu kusakaniza ndi mankhwala zigawo zikuluzikulu za njira yotsirizidwa. Chikalatachi ndi khalidwe la padziko lonse, ulendo mayiko 8.

Malinga GOST, hayidiroliki konkire m'magulu angapo monga mlingo wa kumiza kukhudzana ndi sing'anga amadzimadzi:

1. Overwater.
2. M'madzi.
3. Chifukwa sanali okhazikika madzi.

Pa buku la zinthu kwaiye ziwembu anawagawa:

1. Chachikulu - akalumikidzidwa zovuta ndi makulidwe lalikulu selo limodzi ndi oipa m'goli ndi kutentha.
2. Nonmassive - losavuta kapangidwe ndi miyeso yaing'ono.

Pamene mphamvu kanthu pa chinthu anaumitsa:

1. Kachitidwe kuthamanga.
2. Pakuti zinthu sanali kuthamanga.

Gawo zina anasiyanitsidwa malo ntchito simenti:

1. Pakuti nyumba mkati (iwo sakhala sachedwa leaching, kuthamanga madzi, koma ayenera kulimbana kukhudzana malo amodzi).
2. Pakuti zinthu kunja ndi pamalo (madzi oterowo amakhudzidwa ndi kayendedwe udakali sanali okhazikika mankhwala maziko).

zikuchokera osakaniza

Njira yothetsera ayenera akwaniritsa zofunikira za GOST miyala okwanira kuuma, mphamvu ndi chitetezo. ulamuliro khalidwe ndi zigawo zonse tipange koncrete hayidiroliki. Zikuchokera osakaniza:

1. The chigawo chachikulu - ndi binder. Pakuti kugonjetsedwa ndi madzi aukali zotsatira ntchito sulphate kugonjetsedwa simenti. Pakuti AC mlingo kumiza kutenga hydrophobic kapena ndi kulolerana zina plasticizing. Nthawi zina, pozzolan, slag kapena Portland simenti.
2. Chabwino akaphatikiza - khwatsi mchenga, izo kumawonjezera kukaniza konkire madzi. Sitiyenera osaya zosafunika ndi zinyalala - zinthu yonyowa kutembenukira akhoza kwambiri kufooketsa nkhaniyo.
3. Coarse akaphatikiza - miyala ndi wolapa mwala wa miyala nyanja ndi igneous. Izi kwambiri hydrophobic, chisanu. Kagulu kamene miyala zimadalira makhalidwe luso matope konkire zifunika ntchito m'mikhalidwe yeniyeni. Fomu filler akhale chochuluka ndi otukukira kunja flakiness chomenyedwa kapena miyala ali mphamvu m'munsi.
4. Zina - improvers katundu wa njira. Iwo kuonjezera kukana kutentha amasintha mwala, madzi makhalidwe aukali, kuchepetsa kutentha oyenerera, kupewa kuoneka ming'alu.

The katundu wa zigawo zonse ndi magawo awo, chiphunzitso chenicheni cha njira zimene zinalembedwa amanena 3 GOST 26633-2012. Compliance ayenera kuchitidwa pa kupanga chilichonse, wokonzeka mix amalandira chikalata monga muyezo.

makhalidwe luso

Mabukuwa ali ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu. Iwo kusiyana ndi zikuchokera zawo ndi katundu, amene ayenera obladat konkire hayidiroliki zomangamanga. makhalidwe luso zimadalira mtundu ndi mtundu wa dongosolo. The kuganizira compressive mphamvu, flexural ofananira anatambasula, kukana ozizira ndi hydrophobicity. Yankho ntchito amusankha kuchuluka kwa mitengo deta, kuyambira katundu aliyense mtanda siyana, amene ali osavomerezeka chifukwa cha nkhani zina.

mphamvu

The Choyamba ndi chofunikira ndi chinthu - kufunika psinjika kukana, kuyambira nyumba ambiri kuona mphamvu ofukula katundu ku buku la nyumba pamwamba.

Konkire mphamvu anatsimikiza ndi mayeso kyubu m'badwo ndi afufuze izo opanikizika. The zinachitika likhalebe pakati pa masiku 28 ndi 180 kuchiritsa. Pankhani ya hayidiroliki zithunzi kyubu anaikidwa mu madzi pa nthawi oipa.

Mayesero ikuchitika mchikakamizo cha mphamvu kwa akulimbana.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina ku konkire kalasi mphoto V3,5 kuti B60. Mitundu yofala B10-B40.

kulimba kwamakokedwe ndi flexural

Kamangidwe, zomwe si bwanji katundu umodzi, imvera zinthu zina - ofananira mavuto ndi kupinda. Kumvetsa ngati konkire tipirire mavuto amenewa, izo ndi kufufuzidwa zasayansi. Mark kwamakokedwe mphamvu - Bt0,4 ... 4,0.

impermeability

Anatsimikiza mu zasayansi pa dayisi-zitsanzo za msinkhu umodzi, mu yoyamba. Akamanena za mayeso ndi pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera kuthamanga madzi seepage ake thupi konkire. Malinga ndi zotsatira za mwala anatumizidwa mtundu kumatira W2-20.

Chilengedwe zikuwononga m'madziwo, pogwiritsa ntchito paipi hayidiroliki zomangamanga konkire osachepera W4.

chisanu-kukana

Mu zikhalidwe chinyezi mkulu tikunena kusintha kutentha ndi luso madzi. Monga amadziwika, kukula kwa madzi crystallizes ndi kumawononga kwa zomangira, amene anakhoza kulowa. Popewa izi kapangidwe udindo mu njira kupanga hayidiroliki kuwonjezera zina zapadera ndi plasticizers kuti kuonjezera kukana konkire alimbitse.

Brand chisanu F limasonyeza angati wathunthu m'zinthu wa yozizira koopsa ndi thawing chingathe kupirira chitsanzo chenicheni cha imfa ya mphamvu osapitirira 15%. Kuti chisakanizo cha mayesero zomangamanga hayidiroliki ikuchitika ndi Kutentha ndi madzi ndi kutembenukira mu ayezi.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku hydrophobic chizindikiro konkire pa chisanu anatumizidwa F50-300.

improvers osakaniza

katundu kwamakokedwe, madzi kukana ndi chisanu kukana kugona sitepe ya kusakaniza njira yothetsera pa mbewu. katundu Special ofunitsitsa ndi hayidiroliki salt konkire zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala gulu.

Zina modifiers anawagawa m'magulu 2.

Gulu Ine amachepetsa mayamwidwe madzi 5 zina ntchito tsiku lomalizira kuchiritsa masiku 28. Anthu ambiri ntchito:

• Feniletoksisiloksan 113-63 (poyamba FES 50).
• AMCP-3 (Russia) ndi sodium Alyumometilsilikonat.
• "Gulu" (Russia).
• Gidrobeton (EU).
• Addiment DM 2 (Germany).
• Liga Natriumoleat 90 (Russia).
• Sikagard-702 W-Aquahod (Switzerland).

mphamvu zochepa gulu II (kuchepetsa nthawi 2-4,8). tanthauzo lake n'zotheka kusakaniza pamwamba konkire:

• Polyhydrosiloxanes 136-157M (poyamba GCJ-94M) ndi 136-41 (poyamba GCJ-94).
• "Chigawo Commander-C."
• Stavinor Zn kumtsinje Stavinor Ca PSE.
• HIDROFOB E (Slovenia).
• Cementol E (Slovenia).
• Sikalite (Switzerland).
• Sikagard-700S (Switzerland).

Gulu III sadzakhala ntchito ku chilengedwe cha konkire hayidiroliki. Zina kuchepetsa madzi mayamwidwe maulendo 2.

katundu wina

Posankha kusokonezeka ntchito nkhani osati makhalidwe chachikulu cha konkire hayidiroliki, komanso magawo ena:

• Kuchuluka kwa shrinkage.
• Kukana kuti mapindikidwe.
• Mlingo wa kulimbikira madzi ndi mpope kuthamanga.

Palibe Chinsinsi ndekha kwa konkire hayidiroliki: pa nkhani iliyonse kuganizira zikuchokera mankhwala madzi, kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga ndi katundu wina. Malinga ndi fillers ndi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ungathe kubweretsa opareshoni odalirika mwala m'tsogolo.

ntchito

Kuika njira pansi pa mosungiramo madzi - ndi udindo ndi kovuta. Iwo anathira yambiri pofuna kupewa oipa m'goli ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka. Chifukwa chikhalidwe cha kuika thupi kulimbitsa kapangidwe nkhawa matenthedwe zimachitika ndi zosiyana kuti muyenera kusintha. Kupewa kutenthedwa ndi mapindikidwe msanga wa mawonekedwe a, plasticizers akuwonjezeka njira, ndi mitundu wapadera wa simenti:

• Pozzolan.
• Slag.
• The hydrophobic.

Kumangira nyumba zikawonongeka ntchito simenti hayidiroliki zomangamanga. ntchito zake ambiri:

• Bridges, zogwiriziza awo ndi girders.
• Makonzedwe ikuthandizira embankments ndi makoma gombe madoko.

• Pools ndi mbale zawo ndi madera ozungulira.
• Makoma a manholes ndi mikondo.
• Yapansi ngalande.
• Luso maofesi: madamu, opangira magetsi mphamvu okwerera, breakwaters.

Mu nyengo konkire hayidiroliki zosonyeza otsika ntchito kudzaza chapansi ndi mkulu mlingo wa pansi kapena dontho zogwirika mu nthawi ya kusungunuka chisanu ndi mvula.